scholarly journals Sleepless nights affect gene activity

Nature ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 495 (7439) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Keyword(s):  
Gene Activity

Introduction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-544
Author(s):  
W. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Close Connection ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Simple Systems

In comparison to many other fields of ultrastructural research in Cell Biology, the successful exploration of genes and gene activity with the electron microscope in higher organisms is a late conquest. Nucleic acid molecules of Prokaryotes could be successfully visualized already since the early sixties, thanks to the Kleinschmidt spreading technique - and much basic information was obtained concerning the shape, length, molecular weight of viral, mitochondrial and chloroplast nucleic acid. Later, additonal methods revealed denaturation profiles, distinction between single and double strandedness and the use of heteroduplexes-led to gene mapping of relatively simple systems carried out in close connection with other methods of molecular genetics.

Cancer of the vulva: genetic aspects of pathogenesis

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
V V Sobolev ◽  
Z A Nevozinskaya ◽  
A G Soboleva ◽  
I M Korsunskaya
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Somatic Mutations ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Methylation Of Dna

The review is devoted to genetic research in cancer of the vulva. In genetic changes, the mutation irreversibly changes the nucleotide sequence of DNA, or the number of copies of chromosomes changes per cell. In epigenetics, the nucleotide sequence remains unchanged, but gene activity is regulated by methylation of DNA or modification of histones. Most of the studies analyzed are devoted to the study of mutations in the TP53 gene. Many studies indicate that somatic mutations are more common in HPV-negative than in HPV-positive patients. Epigenetic studies in the main devoted to hypermethylation. The gene CDKN2A is most often studied in epigenetic terms. For most of the studied genes, hypermethylation occurs more often in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva than in the precursors.

scholarly journals The order and logic of CD4 versus CD8 lineage choice and differentiation in mouse thymus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad M. Karimi ◽  
Ya Guo ◽  
Xiaokai Cui ◽  
Husayn A. Pallikonda ◽  
Veronika Horková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Tcr Signals

AbstractCD4 and CD8 mark helper and cytotoxic T cell lineages, respectively, and serve as coreceptors for MHC-restricted TCR recognition. How coreceptor expression is matched with TCR specificity is central to understanding CD4/CD8 lineage choice, but visualising coreceptor gene activity in individual selection intermediates has been technically challenging. It therefore remains unclear whether the sequence of coreceptor gene expression in selection intermediates follows a stereotypic pattern, or is responsive to signaling. Here we use single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to classify mouse thymocyte selection intermediates by coreceptor gene expression. In the unperturbed thymus, Cd4+Cd8a- selection intermediates appear before Cd4-Cd8a+ selection intermediates, but the timing of these subsets is flexible according to the strength of TCR signals. Our data show that selection intermediates discriminate MHC class prior to the loss of coreceptor expression and suggest a model where signal strength informs the timing of coreceptor gene activity and ultimately CD4/CD8 lineage choice.

GSK-3β negatively regulates skeletal myotube hypertrophy

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (2) ◽  
pp. C545-C551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmesh R. Vyas ◽  
Espen E. Spangenburg ◽  
Tsghe W. Abraha ◽  
Thomas E. Childs ◽  
Frank W. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Gene Activity ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Reporter Activity ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Nfat Activation ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
Myotube Hypertrophy

To determine whether changes in glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) phosphorylation contribute to muscle hypertrophy, we delineated the effects of GSK-3β activity on C2C12 myotube size. We also examined possible insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling of NFAT (nuclear factors of activated T cells)-inducible gene activity and possible modulation of NFAT activation by GSK-3β. Application of IGF-I (250 ng/ml) or LiCl (10 mM) alone (i.e., both inhibit GSK-3β activity) increased the area of C2C12 myotubes by 80 and 85%, respectively. The application of IGF-I (250 ng/ml) elevated GSK-3β phosphorylation and reduced GSK-3β kinase activity by ∼800% and ∼25%, respectively. LY-294002 (100 μM) and wortmannin (150 μM), specific inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase, attenuated IGF-I-induced GSK-3β phosphorylation by 67 and 92%, respectively. IGF-I suppressed the kinase activity of GSK-3β. IGF-I (250 ng/ml), but not LiCl (10 mM), induced an increase in NFAT-activated luciferase reporter activity. Cotransfection of a constitutively active GSK-3β (cGSK-3β) inhibited the induction by IGF-I of NFAT-inducible reporter activity. LiCl, which inhibits GSK-3β, removed the block by cGSK-3β on IGF-I-inducible NFAT-responsive reporter gene activity. These data suggest that the IGF-I-induced increase in skeletal myotube size is signaled, in part, through the inhibition of GSK-3β.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document