Metabolic or bariatric surgery? Long-term effects of malabsorptive vs restrictive bariatric techniques on body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors

The aim of the present study was to classify the latent body fat trajectories of Chinese adults and their relationships with cardiometabolic risk factors. Data were obtained from the China Health Nutrition Survey for 3,013 participants, who underwent six follow-up visits between 1993 and 2009. Skinfold thickness and other anthropometric indicators were used to estimate body composition. The latent growth model was used to create fat mass to fat-free mass ratio (F2FFMR) trajectory groups. Blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high- and low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol were measured in venous blood after an overnight fast. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationships of F2FFMR trajectory with cardiometabolic risk factors. In men, four types of F2FFMR trajectory were identified. After adjustment for behavioral and lifestyle factors, age, and weight status, and compared with the Low stability group, the High stability group showed a significant association with diabetes. In women, three types of F2FFMR trajectory were identified. Compared to the Low stability group, the High stability group showed significant associations with diabetes and hypertension after adjustment for the same covariates as in men. Thus, in this long-term study we have identified three F2FFMR trajectory groups in women and four in men. In both sexes, the highly stable F2FFMR is associated with the highest risk of developing diabetes, independent of age and body mass. In addition, in women, it is associated with the highest risk of hypertension, independent of age and body mass.

Download Full-text

Impact of Exercise on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients Awaiting Bariatric Surgery

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-019-04088-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 3891-3900 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Marc-Hernández ◽

J. Ruiz-Tovar ◽

A. Aracil ◽

S. Guillén ◽

Manuel Moya-Ramón

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Body Composition ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Download Full-text

The adolescent with obesity: what perspectives for treatment?

Italian Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s13052-022-01205-w ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Nicolucci ◽

Claudio Maffeis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bariatric Surgery ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Lifestyle Interventions

AbstractThe dramatic increase in overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has become a major public health problem. Obesity in children and young adults is associated with an increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Obesity during adolescence represents a strong predictor of obesity and higher mortality in adulthood. Due to the serious implications of obesity in adolescents, effective treatments are urgently needed. Lifestyle interventions represent the recommended therapy. Nevertheless, real world data show that the majority of adolescents do not achieve weight loss in the long term, and are reluctant to participate in lifestyle interventions. Pharmacological treatment is recommended if a formal lifestyle modification program fails to limit weight gain or to improve comorbidities. However, until 2020 the European Medicines Agency (EMA) had not approved any pharmacotherapeutic agents for obesity in pediatric patients. On April 2021, EMA has authorized the use of Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 analog, for the treatment of obesity in adolescents (12–17 years). The efficacy and safety of Liraglutide were demonstrated in a randomized, double-blind trial, enrolling 251 adolescents. After 56 weeks, a reduction in BMI of at least 5% was observed in 43.3% of participants in the liraglutide group vs. 18.7% in the placebo group, and a reduction in BMI of at least 10% was observed in 26.1 and 8.1%, respectively. Gastrointestinal events were the events most frequently reported with liraglutide. Bariatric surgery represents another effective treatment for adolescents with severe obesity, with sustained benefits on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors. However, long-term safety and effectiveness data in adolescents are still scarce. Risks of bariatric surgery include the need for additional abdominal surgical procedures and specific micronutrient deficiencies. Hopefully, new pharmacological treatments in addition to lifestyle interventions will offer more chances of success.

Download Full-text

Effects of Nine-Month Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Sex Differences in Obese Individuals

Obesities ◽

10.3390/obesities1010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Florent Besnier ◽

Anil Nigam ◽

Martin Juneau ◽

Valérie Guilbeault ◽

Elise Latour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Composition ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Interval Training ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Obese Women ◽

Baseline Values ◽

High Intensity Interval

Limited data is available on the sex differences and individual responses of cardiometabolic parameters adjusted with potential confounders (i.e. sex, age, baseline values) after a longer term Mediterranean diet (MedD) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) in obese subjects. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of nine-month MedD counseling and supervised HIIT on cardiometabolic risk factors and individual responses in obese women (n = 99) and obese men (n = 35). Body composition (body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, waist circumference), cardiorespiratory fitness (METs), and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, blood sample variables) were measured at baseline and after nine months of a program combining MedD and HIIT two to three times a week. When adjusted with sex, age, and baseline values, obese women similarly improved their body composition, METs, and cardiometabolic risk factors vs. obese men. The proportion of responders according to clinical cutoff levels were the same in obese women and men. A longer MedD and HIIT intervention similarly improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and individual responses in obese women and men, even after adjustment of confounders (sex, age, baseline value).

Download Full-text

Glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms modulate cardiometabolic risk factors in patients in long-term remission of Cushing’s syndrome

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-016-0883-z ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 63-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sean H. P. P. Roerink ◽

M. A. E. M. Wagenmakers ◽

J. W. A. Smit ◽

E. F. C. van Rossum ◽

R. T. Netea-Maier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Glucocorticoid Receptor ◽

Cushing’S Syndrome ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cushing's Syndrome ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Glucocorticoid Receptor Polymorphisms

Download Full-text

Long-term trends of BMI and cardiometabolic risk factors among adults with type 1 diabetes: an observational study from the German/Austrian DPV registry

Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108973 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108973

Author(s):

Alena Welters ◽

Sascha R Tittel ◽

Katharina Laubner ◽

Markus Laimer ◽

Diethelm Tschöpe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Observational Study ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Long Term Trends

Download Full-text

Effects of Extreme Weight Loss on Cardiometabolic Health in Children With Metabolic Syndrome: A Metabolomic Study

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.731762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jingxin Liu ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Jing Liao ◽

Xiaoguang Liu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

The Body ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Cardiometabolic Health

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of extreme weight loss programs on circulating metabolites and their relationship with cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and post-test. Thirty children with metabolic syndrome and aged 10–17years were recruited to an extreme weight loss program (i.e., exercise combined with diet control). The primary outcomes included plasma metabolites, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. A total of 324 metabolites were quantitatively detected by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry system, and the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of each metabolite was calculated by the orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis. The fold change (FC) and p value of each metabolite were used to screen differential metabolites with the following values: VIP>1, p value<0.05, and |log2FC|>0.25. Pathway enrichment and correlation analyses between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors were also performed.Result: A large effect size was observed, presenting a weight loss of −8.9kg (Cohen’s d=1.00, p<0.001), body mass index reduction of −3.3kg/m2 (Cohen’s d=1.47, p<0.001), and body fat percent reduction of −4.1 (%) (Cohen’s d=1.22, p<0.001) after the intervention. Similar improvements were found in total cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.65, p<0.001), triglycerides (Cohen’s d=2.59, p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.81, p<0.001), glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. A total of 59 metabolites were changed after the intervention (e.g., aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; nitrogen metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis). The changes in metabolites (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and carnitine) were related to lipid metabolism improvement (p<0.05). Organic acids and carnitines were associated with changes in the body composition (p<0.05).Conclusion: Exercise combined with dietary control improved the body composition and cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome, and these changes may be related to plasma metabolites.

Download Full-text

Effects of Different Resistance Training Frequencies on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Handgrip Strength in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk5030051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Francesco Campa ◽

Pasqualino Maietta Latessa ◽

Gianpiero Greco ◽

Mario Mauro ◽

Paolo Mazzuca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Training Program ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Intervention Period ◽

Training Frequency ◽

Weekly Frequency

Background: Resistance training improves health in obese and overweight people. However, it is not clear what is the optimal weekly resistance training frequency and the most efficacious training protocol on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and handgrip strength (HS). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a supervised structured 24 week resistance training program on obese and overweight women. Methods: Forty-five women (BMI 37.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2; age 56.5 ± 0.7 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: A group with a high weekly training frequency of three times a week (HIGH) and a group that performed it only once a week (LOW). Cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometric and HS measures were taken before and after the intervention period. Results: A significant (p < 0.05) group by time interaction was observed for body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, homeostatic model assessment, and for dominant and absolute HS. Additionally, only the HIGH group saw increased HS and decreased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol after the intervention period (p < 0.05). The observed increase in HS was associated with an improved insulin resistance sensitivity (absolute handgrip strength: r = −0.40, p = 0.007; relative handgrip strength: r = −0.47, p = 0.001) after training, which constitutes an essential element for cardiovascular health. Conclusions: The results suggest that high weekly frequency training give greater benefits for weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors improvement than a training program with a training session of once a week. Furthermore, the improvement of HS can be achieved with a high weekly frequency training.

Download Full-text

Effects of Moderate Combined Resistance- and Aerobic-Exercise for 12 Weeks on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Physical Functions, among Obese Older Men: A Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17197233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (19) ◽

pp. 7233

Author(s):

Wonil Park ◽

Won-Sang Jung ◽

Kwangseok Hong ◽

Yae-Young Kim ◽

Sung-Woo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Older Men ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Combined Exercise ◽

Physical Functions

We demonstrated the hypothesis that combined exercise improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, and physical functions, in obese older men. Older men (n = 20) were randomly assigned to combined exercise training (EXP; n = 10) or control groups (CON; n = 10). The combined exercise was comprised of elastic-band resistance training and walking/running on a treadmill and bicycle at 60–70% of maximal heart rate for 3 days/weeks. EXP showed significant decreases in body weight, body mass index, and %body fat (p < 0.05). The exercise program significantly reduced BP, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Furthermore, while the plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and epinephrine were significantly reduced in EXP, VO2 peak and grip strength were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it is indicated that 12-week regular combined exercise improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, hemodynamics, and physical performance in obese older men.

Download Full-text