scholarly journals A longitudinal study of serum insulin and insulin resistance as predictors of weight and body fat gain in African American and Caucasian children

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
N M Sedaka ◽  
C H Olsen ◽  
L E Yannai ◽  
W E Stutzman ◽  
A J Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
African American ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Serum Insulin

scholarly journals Symptoms of stress and depression effect percentage of body fat and insulin resistance in healthy youth: LOOK longitudinal study.

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 749-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Olive ◽  
Rohan M. Telford ◽  
D. G. Byrne ◽  
Walter P. Abhayaratna ◽  
Richard D. Telford
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Depression Effect ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat

Bicycling but not Walking Is Independently Associated With Fasting Insulin in Abdominally Obese Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Hemmingsson ◽  
Ulf Ekelund ◽  
Joanna Udden
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
The Impact

Background:The impact of walking and bicycling on insulin resistance (IR) in women with abdominal obesity is unclear.Methods:Pooled analysis of data from a randomized trial on physically active commuting (bicycling + walking vs walking only) in women with abdominal obesity [n = 98; age:47.3 ± 7.6 yrs; waist circumference (WC):103.1 ± 7.8 cm]. Bicycling and walking data were collected during 7 consecutive days by trip meters (Trelock FC-410) and pedometers (Yamax digiwalker SW-200) at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months. Owing to a skew distribution we analyzed bicycling as a binary dummy variable with a 10 km/week cut-off. Fasting serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment – insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed at baseline and 6 months, as were body mass index (BMI), WC, and dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-assessed % whole-body fat.Results:Increased bicycling by 10 km/wk was associated with reductions in fasting serum insulin at follow-up independent of age, treatment allocation, baseline phenotype, Δ walking, and Δ % body fat (β = −10.9, P = .042), but not HOMA-IR (β = −2.0, P = .13). Increased walking was not associated with fasting serum insulin (P = .33) or HOMA-IR (P = .44) at follow-up, after adjustment for the same covariates and Δ bicycling.Conclusion:Increased bicycling but not walking was associated with reduced insulin levels at follow-up. Bicycling may be more effective than walking for reducing insulin levels in abdominally obese women.

scholarly journals Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Insulin Resistance in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity Treated with Chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
Kate Ormiston ◽  
Zihan Zhang ◽  
Kelly Murphy ◽  
A Courtney DeVries ◽  
Maryam Lustberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Body Weights

Abstract Objectives Our objective was to examine effects of dietary enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) on high fat diet-induced insulin resistance during chemotherapy. Methods Adult, female C57Bl/6 mice (n = 48) were assigned to 1 of 3 diets; low-fat diet (LF; 10% kcals fat), high-fat diet (HF; 45% kcals fat), or HF diet with omega-3 s (HF n-3; 2% kcals EPA + DHA) for 7 weeks. Mice received vehicle or chemotherapy injections (doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide), by tail vein at week 4 and 6. Food intake and body weights were recorded. Fasted blood glucose and serum insulin were measured weekly.  Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Body composition was measured using Echo MRI. Data were analyzed using ANOVA; p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Total kilocalories significantly differed by group (p < 0.001); HF and HF n-3 groups consumed more than the LF group (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001; respectively). Obesity was induced prior to first injection with body weights being significantly different (p < 0.01); the LF group weighed less than the HF n-3 group (p < 0.01), and there was a similar trend between LF and HF groups (p = 0.0519). Body weights at sacrifice significantly differed (p < 0.0001); chemotherapy mice weighed less than vehicle (p < 0.0001). Percent body fat at sacrifice significantly differed (p < 0.0001); chemotherapy mice had less fat than vehicle (p < 0.0001), and the LF group had less fat than HF  (p < 0.01) and HF n-3 group (p < 0.01). Blood glucose significantly differed at sacrifice (p < 0.01); chemotherapy mice had lower glucose than vehicle (p < 0.05) and HF group had higher glucose than LF group (p < 0.01). HOMA-IR scores at sacrifice significantly differed (p < 0.05); chemotherapy mice had lower scores than vehicle  (p < 0.05) and mice on the LF and HF n-3 diets had lower scores than the HF diet (p < 0.01; p < 0.05 respectively). Conclusions Chemotherapy lowered body weight and body fat in mice, potentially contributing to decreases in blood glucose and insulin resistance. EPA + DHA enrichment of a HF diet reduced insulin resistance in mice comparable to a LF diet group. This occurred in both chemotherapy and vehicle treated mice, despite LF diet-fed mice having lower body weight and adiposity. Underlying mechanisms are being investigated. Funding Sources NIH #5R01CA18994.

Direction of causality between body fat and insulin resistance in children – a longitudinal study (EarlyBird 51)

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Hosking ◽  
Brad S. Metcalf ◽  
Alison N. Jeffery ◽  
Linda D. Voss ◽  
Terence J. Wilkin
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Body Fat

scholarly journals Adipocytokines on Insulin Resistance in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽  
Sofia E. de Castro Ferreira Vicente ◽  
Sigute Norkiene ◽  
Alona Rauckienė-Michaelsson ◽  
Justina Kievišienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Background: Recently, leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio has been suggested as a novel predictor of cardio-metabolic and other chronic disease.Aim: to evaluate the ability of leptin (L), adiponectin (A) and the L/A ratio in identifying high risk of IR in adolescents adjusted by cardiorespiratory fitness, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body fat percentage. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 adolescents aged 12-18 years-old. Blood samples were taken to analyze glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR] was estimated from fasting serum insulin and glucose). Results: Adiponectin, leptin, and L/A ratio were accurate to predict of IR among adolescents. The optimal L/A cut-off value to indicate risk of IR development was >0.35 in boys and >0.97 in girls. Logistic analyses showed that the suggested cut points for adiponectin (girls: OR:2.87 (1.1.26-6.53); p=0.012); leptin (boys: OR:5.23 (1.16-7.14) p = 0.006; girls: OR:2.99 (1.10-8.09) p=0.031) and the L/A ratio (boys: OR:8.38 (2.6-26.8) p<0.001; girls: OR:6.1 (2.1-17.0) p<0.001), were significant predictors of IR, after adjustments for age, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat percentage. Conclusion: Leptin and L/A ratio were associated with IR risk, after adjustments for confounders in both sexes and adiponectin in girls. L/A ratio seems to have a higher diagnostic accuracy to identify IR risk than adiponectin or leptin, in both sexes.

scholarly journals Associations of Adiponectin with Body Fat Distribution and Insulin Sensitivity in Nondiabetic Hispanics and African-Americans

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2665-2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. G. Hanley ◽  
Donald Bowden ◽  
Lynne E. Wagenknecht ◽  
Aarthi Balasubramanyam ◽  
Carl Langfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
African American ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
African Americans ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
High Density ◽  
Adiponectin Concentration

Abstract Context: Hypoadiponectinemia has emerged as an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although associations of adiponectin with central obesity and insulin resistance have been reported, very little data are available from studies using detailed measures of insulin sensitivity (SI) and/or body fat distribution in ethnic groups at high risk for metabolic disease. Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the correlates of adiponectin in 1636 nondiabetic Hispanics and African-Americans. Design: A cross-sectional analysis of participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study was conducted. SI was determined from frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests with minimal model analysis. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues (SAT, VAT, respectively) were determined with computed tomography. Triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, and adiponectin were measured in fasting samples. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to identify factors associated with adiponectin concentration. Setting: A multicenter study using a family-based design was conducted. Participants: A total of 1636 nondiabetic Hispanic and African-American subjects participated. Main Outcome Measures: Circulating adiponectin concentration was measured. Results: Age, female gender, high-density lipoprotein, SAT, and SI were positive independent correlates of adiponectin, whereas glucose, CRP, and VAT were negative independent correlates (all P &lt; 0.05). Ethnicity was not an independent correlate of adiponectin in this model (P = 0.27); however, an ethnicity by VAT interaction term was retained, indicating a stronger negative association of VAT with adiponectin in African-Americans compared with Hispanics. Conclusion: Directly measured SI, VAT, and SAT were independently correlated with adiponectin in Hispanic and African-American subjects. The inverse association of VAT with adiponectin was stronger in African-Americans compared with Hispanics, a finding that suggests possible ethnic differences in the effects of visceral obesity.

Monosodium glutamate administration early in life alters pineal melatonin nocturnal profile in adulthood

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Janaína B Garcia ◽  
Fernanda G Do Amaral ◽  
Daniela C Buonfiglio ◽  
Rafaela FA Vendrame ◽  
Patrícia L Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Pineal Melatonin ◽  
Melatonin Synthesis ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Melatonin Production

The pineal gland synthesizes melatonin exclusively at night, which gives melatonin the characteristic of a temporal synchronizer of the physiological systems. Melatonin is a regulator of insulin activities centrally and also peripherally and its synthesis is reduced in diabetes.  Since monosodium glutamate (MSG) is often used to induce the type 2 diabetic and metabolic syndrome in animal models, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the potential effects of MSG given to neonates on the pineal melatonin synthesis in different aged male and female rats. Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with MSG (4mg/g/day) or saline solution (0.9%) from the second to eighth post-natal day. The circadian profiles both melatonin levels and AANAT activity were monitored at different ages. Body weight, naso-anal length, adipose tissues weight, GTT, ITT and serum insulin levels were also evaluated. Typical obesity with the neonatal MSG treatment was observed, indicated by a great increase in adipose depots without a concurrent increase in body weight. MSG treatment did not cause hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance, but induced insulin resistance. An increase of melatonin synthesis at ZT 15 with phase advance was observed in in some animals. The AANAT activity was positively parallel to the melatonin circadian profile. It seems that MSG causes hypothalamic obesity which may increase AANAT activity and melatonin production in pineal gland. These effects were not temporally correlated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia indicating the hypothalamic lesions, particularly in arcuate nucleus induced by MSG in early age, as the principal cause of the increase in melatonin production.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document