scholarly journals Adipocytokines on Insulin Resistance in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽  
Sofia E. de Castro Ferreira Vicente ◽  
Sigute Norkiene ◽  
Alona Rauckienė-Michaelsson ◽  
Justina Kievišienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract Background: Recently, leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio has been suggested as a novel predictor of cardio-metabolic and other chronic disease.Aim: to evaluate the ability of leptin (L), adiponectin (A) and the L/A ratio in identifying high risk of IR in adolescents adjusted by cardiorespiratory fitness, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and body fat percentage. Subjects and methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 adolescents aged 12-18 years-old. Blood samples were taken to analyze glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. IR (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR] was estimated from fasting serum insulin and glucose). Results: Adiponectin, leptin, and L/A ratio were accurate to predict of IR among adolescents. The optimal L/A cut-off value to indicate risk of IR development was >0.35 in boys and >0.97 in girls. Logistic analyses showed that the suggested cut points for adiponectin (girls: OR:2.87 (1.1.26-6.53); p=0.012); leptin (boys: OR:5.23 (1.16-7.14) p = 0.006; girls: OR:2.99 (1.10-8.09) p=0.031) and the L/A ratio (boys: OR:8.38 (2.6-26.8) p<0.001; girls: OR:6.1 (2.1-17.0) p<0.001), were significant predictors of IR, after adjustments for age, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat percentage. Conclusion: Leptin and L/A ratio were associated with IR risk, after adjustments for confounders in both sexes and adiponectin in girls. L/A ratio seems to have a higher diagnostic accuracy to identify IR risk than adiponectin or leptin, in both sexes.

Association between Leptin, Adiponectin, and Leptin/Adiponectin Ratio with Clustered Metabolic Risk Factors in Portuguese Adolescents: The LabMed Physical Activity Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
César A. Agostinis-Sobrinho ◽  
Edmar Lacerda Mendes ◽  
Carla Moreira ◽  
Sandra Abreu ◽  
Luís Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

Introduction: Circulating leptin and adiponectin levels have been associated with impaired vascular function, insulin resistance, and acute cardiovascular evens. This study aimed to evaluate the associations of leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin/adiponectin (L/A) ratio with a clustering of metabolic risk factors (MRF) in adolescents aged 12-18 years. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis with 529 Portuguese adolescents aged 12-18 years. Blood samples were taken to analyze total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides glucose, insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels. A continuous variable of clustered MRF score (sum of Z-scores of body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure, ratio TC/HDL, triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, and cardiorespiratory fitness*[-1]) was computed. Results: Regression analyses showed that adiponectin was a significant and negative predictor of MRF score (boys: β = -0.199; p < 0.001; girls: β = -0.200; p < 0.001); whereas leptin was a significant positive predictor of MRF score (boys: β = 0.553; p < 0.001; girls: β = 0.399; p < 0.001). The L/A ratio was also a significant positive predictor of MRF score in both sexes (boys: β = 0.593; p < 0.001; girls: β = 0.461; p < 0.001), after adjustments for age, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and socioeconomic status. In addition, adiponectin, leptin, and L/A ratio were accurate to predict MRF among adolescents, but L/A ratio showed the highest area under receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion: Leptin, adiponectin, and L/A ratio are associated with the clustering of MRF in adolescents after adjustments for age, sex, pubertal stage, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and socioeconomic status. L/A ratio was more strongly associated with MRF score than adiponectin or leptin.

scholarly journals Expanded Normal Weight Obesity and Insulin Resistance in US Adults of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keilah E. Martinez ◽  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
Bruce W. Bailey ◽  
James D. LeCheminant
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Normal Weight Obesity

This study aims to expand the evaluation of normal weight obesity (NWO) and its association with insulin resistance using an NHANES (1999–2006) sample of US adults. A cross-sectional study including 5983 men and women (50.8%) was conducted. Body fat percentage (BF%) was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Expanded normal weight obesity (eNWO) categories, pairings of BMI and body fat percentage classifications, were created using standard cut-points for BMI and sex-specific median for BF%. Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were used to index insulin resistance. Mean ± SE values were BMI: 27.9 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.1 (men); body fat percentage: 40.5 ± 0.2 (women) and 27.8 ± 0.2 (men); and HOMA-IR: 2.04 ± 0.05 (women) and 2.47 ± 0.09 (men). HOMA-IR differed systematically and in a dose-response fashion across all levels of the eNWO categories (F=291.3,P<0.0001). As BMI levels increased, HOMA-IR increased significantly, and within each BMI category, higher levels of body fat were associated with higher levels of HOMA-IR. Both high BMI and high BF% were strongly related to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance appears to increase incrementally according to BMI levels primarily and body fat levels secondarily. Including a precise measure of body fat with BMI adds little to the utility of BMI in the prediction of insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Body mass index and waist circumference are better predictors of insulin resistance than total body fat percentage in middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese

Medicine ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 96 (39) ◽  
pp. e8126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiu-Hua Cheng ◽  
Yu-Chung Tsao ◽  
I-Shiang Tzeng ◽  
Hai-Hua Chuang ◽  
Wen-Cheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Somatotropic Axis and Obesity: Is There Any Role for the Mediterranean Diet?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
Daniela Laudisio ◽  
Carolina Di Somma ◽  
Gabriella Pugliese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Peak Response ◽  
The Mediterranean

Obesity is associated with reduced spontaneous and stimulated growth hormone (GH) secretion and basal insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) levels—which in turn is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate: (1) the association of somatotropic axis with cardiometabolic status; (2) the association of somatotropic axis with the Mediterranean diet and nutritional pattern in people with obesity. Cross-sectional observational study was carried out in 200 adult women, aged 36.98 ± 11.10 years with severe obesity (body mass index—BMI of 45.19 ± 6.30 kg/m2). The adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the total calorie intake was assessed. Anthropometric measurements, body composition and biochemical profile were determined along with Growth Hormone (GH)/Insulin like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) axis and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance—HoMA-IR). The enrolled subjects were compared after being divided according to GH peak response and according to IGF-1 standard deviation scores (SDS). Derangements of GH peak were detected in 61.5% of studied patients while IGF-1 deficiency was detected in 71% of the population. Both blunted GH peak response and IGF-1 SDS were indicators of derangements of somatotropic axis and were associated with comparable results in terms of cardiometabolic sequelae. Both GH peak and IGF-1 levels were inversely associated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. The adherence to the Mediterranean diet predicts GH peak response. Fatty liver index (FLI), fat mass (FM) and phase angle (PhA) were predictive factors of GH peak response as well. In conclusion derangements of somatotropic axis is associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile in people with obesity. A high adherence to the Mediterranean diet—and in particular protein intake—was associated with a better GH status.

scholarly journals Reduced Olfactory Bulb Volume in Obesity and Its Relation to Metabolic Health Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Poessel ◽  
Nora Breuer ◽  
Akshita Joshi ◽  
André Pampel ◽  
Arno Villringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist Height Ratio

Smell perception plays an important role in eating behavior and might be involved in body weight gain. Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate neuroanatomical correlates of this phenomenon. We assessed olfactory bulb (OB) volume with magnetic resonance imaging in 67 healthy participants with a body mass index (BMI) from 18.9 to 45.4 kg/m2 (mean = 28.58 ± 6.64). Moreover, we obtained psychophysiological data on olfactory ability (Sniffin’ Sticks, Food associated odor test) and self-report measurements on eating behavior. Additionally, we collected parameters associated with metabolic health in obesity (waist-hip ratio, waist-height ratio, leptin levels, body fat percentage, fat mass index, insulin resistance) to investigate recently proposed mechanistic explanatory models of why olfaction may be altered in obesity. We showed that OB volume was significantly lower in participants with obesity when compared to those of normal weight. Moreover, we found weak to moderate negative correlations between OB volume and BMI and related measures of metabolic health, especially leptin, body fat percentage, waist-height ratio and insulin resistance. However, neither OB volume nor BMI were related to olfactory function in our young and healthy sample. Nevertheless, our results provide first indications that obesity is associated with brain anatomical changes in the OBs.

Relationship between body fat percentage and insulin resistance in adults with Bmi values below 25 Kg/M2 in a private clinic

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2855-2859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo A. Zegarra-Lizana ◽  
Elizabeth J. Ramos-Orosco ◽  
Mirella Guarnizo-Poma ◽  
Betzi Pantoja-Torres ◽  
Socorro Paico-Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Private Clinic ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

scholarly journals Genetic Correlation between Body Fat Percentage and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Suggests Common Genetic Etiology

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e0166738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresia M. Schnurr ◽  
Anette P. Gjesing ◽  
Camilla H. Sandholt ◽  
Anna Jonsson ◽  
Yuvaraj Mahendran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Genetic Etiology

scholarly journals Dairy Consumption and Insulin Resistance: The Role of Body Fat, Physical Activity, and Energy Intake

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry A. Tucker ◽  
Andrea Erickson ◽  
James D. LeCheminant ◽  
Bruce W. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Dairy Intake ◽  
Dairy Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between dairy consumption and insulin resistance was ascertained in 272 middle-aged, nondiabetic women using a cross-sectional design. Participants kept 7-day, weighed food records to report their diets, including dairy intake. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). The Bod Pod was used to measure body fat percentage, and accelerometry for 7 days was used to objectively index physical activity. Regression analysis was used to determine the extent to which mean HOMA levels differed across low, moderate, and high dairy intake categories. Results showed that women in the highest quartile of dairy consumption had significantly greater log-transformed HOMA values (0.41 ± 0.53) than those in the middle-two quartiles (0.22 ± 0.55) or the lowest quartile (0.19 ± 0.58) (F= 6.90,P= 0.0091). The association remained significant after controlling for each potential confounder individually and all covariates simultaneously. Adjusting for differences in energy intake weakened the relationship most, but the association remained significant. Of the 11 potential confounders, only protein intake differed significantly across the dairy categories, with those consuming high dairy also consuming more total protein than their counterparts. Apparently, high dairy intake is a significant predictor of insulin resistance in middle-aged, nondiabetic women.

scholarly journals Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Insulin Resistance in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity Treated with Chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 345-345
Author(s):  
Kate Ormiston ◽  
Zihan Zhang ◽  
Kelly Murphy ◽  
A Courtney DeVries ◽  
Maryam Lustberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Body Weights

Abstract Objectives Our objective was to examine effects of dietary enrichment of eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) on high fat diet-induced insulin resistance during chemotherapy. Methods Adult, female C57Bl/6 mice (n = 48) were assigned to 1 of 3 diets; low-fat diet (LF; 10% kcals fat), high-fat diet (HF; 45% kcals fat), or HF diet with omega-3 s (HF n-3; 2% kcals EPA + DHA) for 7 weeks. Mice received vehicle or chemotherapy injections (doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide), by tail vein at week 4 and 6. Food intake and body weights were recorded. Fasted blood glucose and serum insulin were measured weekly.  Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Body composition was measured using Echo MRI. Data were analyzed using ANOVA; p &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results Total kilocalories significantly differed by group (p &lt; 0.001); HF and HF n-3 groups consumed more than the LF group (p &lt; 0.001, p &lt; 0.0001; respectively). Obesity was induced prior to first injection with body weights being significantly different (p &lt; 0.01); the LF group weighed less than the HF n-3 group (p &lt; 0.01), and there was a similar trend between LF and HF groups (p = 0.0519). Body weights at sacrifice significantly differed (p &lt; 0.0001); chemotherapy mice weighed less than vehicle (p &lt; 0.0001). Percent body fat at sacrifice significantly differed (p &lt; 0.0001); chemotherapy mice had less fat than vehicle (p &lt; 0.0001), and the LF group had less fat than HF  (p &lt; 0.01) and HF n-3 group (p &lt; 0.01). Blood glucose significantly differed at sacrifice (p &lt; 0.01); chemotherapy mice had lower glucose than vehicle (p &lt; 0.05) and HF group had higher glucose than LF group (p &lt; 0.01). HOMA-IR scores at sacrifice significantly differed (p &lt; 0.05); chemotherapy mice had lower scores than vehicle  (p &lt; 0.05) and mice on the LF and HF n-3 diets had lower scores than the HF diet (p &lt; 0.01; p &lt; 0.05 respectively). Conclusions Chemotherapy lowered body weight and body fat in mice, potentially contributing to decreases in blood glucose and insulin resistance. EPA + DHA enrichment of a HF diet reduced insulin resistance in mice comparable to a LF diet group. This occurred in both chemotherapy and vehicle treated mice, despite LF diet-fed mice having lower body weight and adiposity. Underlying mechanisms are being investigated. Funding Sources NIH #5R01CA18994.

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