scholarly journals Regional Cerebral Blood Flow after Marijuana Smoking

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 750-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Mathew ◽  
William H. Wilson ◽  
Diane F. Humphreys ◽  
Joe V. Lowe ◽  
Kathryn E. Wiethe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Inhalation Technique ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Smoking Marijuana

Regional CBF was measured with the 133Xe inhalation technique before and thrice after smoking marijuana of two strengths and placebo in 20 physically and mentally healthy male volunteers with a previous history of exposure to marijuana. They were drug-free at the time of the study. Blood pressure, pulse rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide, end-tidal carbon monoxide, and forehead skin perfusion were quantified during the CBF measurements. Blood samples were drawn for quantification of plasma levels of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) before and during the 2 h after smoking marijuana or placebo. Drug-induced intoxication and changes in mood were quantified with rating scales. Marijuana smoking was associated with bilateral CBF increase, which was maximal 30 min later. Greater CBF increases were seen in the frontal region and right hemisphere. No significant CBF changes were seen after placebo. Pulse rate and respiration increased significantly after marijuana but not placebo. Both marijuana and placebo smoking were associated with increased end-tidal carbon monoxide. CBF increase in both hemispheres correlated significantly with degree of intoxication, plasma levels of THC, and pulse rate.

The Kinetic and Dynamic Characteristics of Benzodiazepines in the Treatment of Anxiety

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 175s-182s
Author(s):  
L.F. Fabre
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sedation Scale ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Treatment Groups

SummaryBenzodiazepines are assumed to cause drowsiness and sedation. Rating scales such as the Massachusetts General Hospital Sedation Scale and the Morning Evaluation of Drug Induced Sedation Scale allow testing of this hypothesis and assessment of the effects of benzodiazepines. We performed a five-week study of prazepam in 63 anxious outpatients. Plasma levels of desmethyldiazepam were assessed weekly. Placebo was given the first week, followed by active drug for three weeks, and placebo the final week. One group received prazepam 30 mg/h, the other received prazepam 10 mg three times per day. Drowsiness-sedation and anxiolytic efficacy were assessed at baseline and weekly. Plasma desmethyldiazepam levels were similar in both treatment groups. Efficacy was profound in both groups. Drowsiness-sedation measured high at baseline and decreased significantly (P=0.05) over the 3 weeks when active drug was administered. Sedation decreased by as much as 40%. Sleep was improved with prazepam, and this may have resulted in decreased drowsiness. We conclude that anxious outpatients have significant levels of drowsiness-sedation and that treatment with benzodiazepines reduces the occurrence of this symptom.

End-tidal carbon monoxide as an indicator of the hemolytic rate

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Christensen ◽  
D.K. Lambert ◽  
E. Henry ◽  
H.M. Yaish ◽  
J.T. Prchal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
End Tidal

Measuring End-Tidal Carbon Monoxide of Jaundiced Neonates in the Birth Hospital to Identify Those with Hemolysis

Neonatology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Christensen ◽  
Daniel T. Malleske ◽  
Diane K. Lambert ◽  
Vickie L. Baer ◽  
Josef T. Prchal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
End Tidal

scholarly journals Point-of-care end-tidal carbon monoxide reflects severity of hemolysis in sickle cell anemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Lal ◽  
Lasandra Patterson ◽  
Alisa Goldrich ◽  
Anne Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
End Tidal

Exploring Clinical Characteristics of Bipolar Depression: Internal Structure of the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 830-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Seung Chang ◽  
Yong Min Ahn ◽  
Han Young Yu ◽  
Hye Jean Park ◽  
Kyu Young Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Bipolar Depression ◽  
Cluster Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Symptom Cluster ◽  
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Drug Induced

Objective: Due to its pleomorphic phenomenology, the clinical features of bipolar depression are difficult to assess. The objective of the present study was therefore to explore the internal structure of the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS) in terms of the phenomenological characteristics of bipolar depression. Methods: Sixty patients with DSM-IV bipolar depression completed the BDRS, depression and excitement subscales of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS-D and PANSS-E), 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Montgomery–Äsberg Depression Rating Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale. The internal structure of the BDRS was explored through hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) using Ward's method and multidimensional scaling (MDS). Results: From 20-item BDRS data, the HCA yielded two symptom clusters. The first cluster included 12 items of conventional depressive symptoms. The second cluster included eight items of mixed symptoms. The MDS identified a depressive–mixed dimension. The depressive symptom cluster showed a more cohesive and conglomerate cluster structure on the MDS map compared to the mixed symptom cluster. After controlling for the effects of treatment-emergent extrapyramidal symptoms, strong positive correlations were observed between the BDRS and other depression rating scales, and the BDRS also weakly correlated with the YMRS and the PANSS-E. Conclusions: The internal structure of BDRS appears to be sensitive to complex features of bipolar depression. Hence, the BDRS may have an advantage in evaluating clinical changes in patients with bipolar depression within the therapeutic process.

scholarly journals Decreases in Frontal and Parietal Lobe Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Related to Habituation

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Warach ◽  
Ruben C. Gur ◽  
Raquel E. Gur ◽  
Brett E. Skolnick ◽  
Walter D. Obrist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Inhalation Technique ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Verbal Tasks ◽  
Spatial Tasks ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
The Right

We previously reported decreased mean CBF between consecutive resting conditions, ascribed to habituation. Here we address the regional specificity of habituation over three consecutive flow studies. Regional CBF (rCBF) was measured in 55 adults (12 right-handed men, 12 right-handed women, 14 left-handed men, 17 left-handed women), with the 133Xe inhalation technique, during three conditions: Resting, verbal tasks (analogies), and spatial tasks (line orientation). Changes in rCBF attributable to the cognitive tasks were eliminated by correcting these values to a resting equivalent. There was a progressive decrease in mean rCBF over time, reflecting habituation. This effect differed by region, with specificity at frontal (prefrontal, inferior frontal, midfrontal, superior frontal) and inferior parietal regions. In the inferior parietal region, habituation was more marked in the left than the right hemisphere. Right-handers showed greater habituation than did left-handers. There was no sex difference in global habituation, but males showed greater left whereas females showed greater right hemispheric habituation. The results suggest that habituation to the experimental setting has measurable effects on rCBF, which are differently lateralized for men and women. These effects are superimposed on task activation and are most pronounced in regions that have been implicated in attentional processes. Thus, regional decrement in brain activity related to habituation seems to complement attentional effects, suggesting a neural network for habituation reciprocating that for attention.

Effects of ventilation on the collection of exhaled breath in humans

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1371-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keary A. Cope ◽  
Michael T. Watson ◽  
W. Michael Foster ◽  
Shelley S. Sehnert ◽  
Terence H. Risby
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Sulfur Containing

A computerized system has been developed to monitor tidal volume, respiration rate, mouth pressure, and carbon dioxide during breath collection. This system was used to investigate variability in the production of breath biomarkers over an 8-h period. Hyperventilation occurred when breath was collected from spontaneously breathing study subjects ( n = 8). Therefore, breath samples were collected from study subjects whose breathing were paced at a respiration rate of 10 breaths/min and whose tidal volumes were gauged according to body mass. In this “paced breathing” group ( n = 16), end-tidal concentrations of isoprene and ethane correlated with end-tidal carbon dioxide levels [Spearman's rank correlation test ( rs) = 0.64, P = 0.008 and rs = 0.50, P = 0.05, respectively]. Ethane also correlated with heart rate ( rs = 0.52, P < 0.05). There was an inverse correlation between transcutaneous pulse oximetry and exhaled carbon monoxide ( rs = -0.64, P = 0.008). Significant differences were identified between men ( n = 8) and women ( n = 8) in the concentrations of carbon monoxide (4 parts per million in men vs. 3 parts per million in women; P = 0.01) and volatile sulfur-containing compounds (134 parts per billion in men vs. 95 parts per billion in women; P = 0.016). There was a peak in ethanol concentration directly after food consumption and a significant decrease in ethanol concentration 2 h later ( P = 0.01; n = 16). Sulfur-containing molecules increased linearly throughout the study period (β = 7.4, P < 0.003). Ventilation patterns strongly influence quantification of volatile analytes in exhaled breath and thus, accordingly, the breathing pattern should be controlled to ensure representative analyses.

scholarly journals Alexithymia and Apathy in Parkinson’s Disease: Neurocognitive Correlates

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena Bogdanova ◽  
Alice Cronin-Golomb
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms

Non-motor symptoms such as neuropsychiatric and cognitive dysfunction have been found to be common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) but the relation between such symptoms is poorly understood. We focused on alexithymia, an impairment of affective and cognitive emotional processing, as there is evidence for its interaction with cognition in other disorders. Twenty-two non-demented PD patients and 22 matched normal control adults (NC) were administered rating scales assessing neuropsychiatric status, including alexithymia, apathy, and depression, and a series of neuropsychological tests. As expected, PD patients showed more alexithymia than NC, and there was a significant association between alexithymia and disease stage. Alexithymia was associated with performance on non-verbally mediated measures of executive and visuospatial function, but not on verbally mediated tasks. By contrast, there was no correlation between cognition and ratings of either depression or apathy. Our findings demonstrate a distinct association of alexithymia with non-verbal cognition in PD, implicating right hemisphere processes, and differentiate between alexithymia and other neuropsychiatric symptoms in regard to PD cognition.

Effects of Carbon Monoxide on the Vulnerability of the Ventricles to Drug-Induced Arrhythmias

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
BALKRISHENA KAUL ◽  
JOHN CALABRO ◽  
DUNCAN E. HUTCHEON
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Drug Induced
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