scholarly journals Contribution of Cerebrovascular Parasympathetic and Sensory Innervation to the Short-Term Control of Blood Flow in Rat Cerebral Cortex

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil M. Branston ◽  
Atsushi Umemura ◽  
Achamma Koshy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Haemorrhagic Hypotension ◽  
Tonic Level ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ethmoidal Foramen ◽  
Group 1

In two groups of normotensive rats anaesthetised with halothane, either the nasociliary nerve (NCN) or the NCN and parasympathetic (PS) fibres together (NCN-PS) were functionally blocked at the right ethmoidal foramen. Blocking was achieved reversibly and repeatedly using a cooling probe. Cortical regional CBF (rCBF) was measured bilaterally using laser–Doppler probes. In Group 1, bilateral common carotid occlusion (CCO) was applied for 1 min both with and without block. In Group 2, CCO was applied permanently followed by stages of controlled haemorrhagic hypotension to deepen the ischaemia and the block applied at each stage. In Group 1, during CCO, rCBF was unaffected by blocking NCN-PS. However, during the transient postocclusive hyperaemia, blocking NCN-PS, but not NCN alone, significantly increased right side rCBF. In Group 2 and in Group 1 in the absence of CCO (normotension), rCBF was unaffected by blocking either set of fibres. We conclude that neither NCN nor PS fibres contribute to the tonic level of rCBF or to its autoregulatory control, but PS fibres conduct impulses tending to resolve postischaemic hyperaemia. We suggest that a subpopulation of PS fibres containing neuropeptide Y is activated under conditions of supernormal rCBF.

scholarly journals Application of the complex Edelim in pathogenetic management of patients with erectile dysfunction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Pavel S. Kyzlasov ◽  
Eugeniy V. Volokitin ◽  
Ali T. Mustafayev ◽  
Evgeny V. Pomeshkin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

AIM:To assess the degree of changes in complaints, dynamics of biochemical parameters of lipid metabolism, penile hemodynamics in patients with ED during therapy with EDELIM in comparison with PDE-5 inhibitors. Assess the tolerability of the drug based on the analysis of reported adverse events. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The study was prospective comparative observational cohort. The study included 60 patients over 18 years old with complaints of persistent, at least 1 month, erectile dysfunction. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 patients with ED received Edelim on a regular basis, one capsule 2 times daily for 3 months; group 2 patients with ED received generic tadalafil 5 mg daily for 1 month, then 1 month break, then 5 mg per day for 1 month. RESULTS:The mean age of the patients was 38.4 9.2 years. In group 1, significant differences were noted in the all hemodynamic and biochemical indicators, except for HDL levels (2.2 0.4 vs. 2.3 0.4 mmol/L;p= 0.067). In group 2, significant differences were noted in the dynamics of the IIEF-5 scale, the level of HDL, and the blood flow velocity in the right and left cavernous arteries. There were no significant differences in blood flow in the left and right dorsal arteries, levels of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, glucose, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure. In the 1st group of patients, there were no adverse events, in the 2nd group, in 3 patients mild side effects. CONCLUSIONS:The improvement in the quality of erection in the group of patients taking Edelim is associated with decrease in the lipid profile, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, which can be regarded as a variant of pathogenetic conservative treatment of ED.

scholarly journals A tissue-engineered urinary conduit in a porcine urinary diversion model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Jundziłł ◽  
Piotr Kwieciński ◽  
Daria Balcerczyk ◽  
Tomasz Kloskowski ◽  
Dariusz Grzanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Urinary Diversion ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe use of an ileal segment is a standard method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, utilization of this method can lead to numerous surgical and metabolic complications. This study aimed to assess the tissue-engineered artificial conduit for urinary diversion in a porcine model. Tissue-engineered tubular polypropylene mesh scaffolds were used for the right ureter incontinent urostomy model. Eighteen male pigs were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 (control ureterocutaneostomy), Group 2 (the right ureter-artificial conduit-skin anastomoses), and Group 3 (4 weeks before urostomy reconstruction, the artificial conduit was implanted between abdomen muscles). Follow-up was 6 months. Computed tomography, ultrasound examination, and pyelogram were used to confirm the patency of created diversions. Morphological and histological analyses were used to evaluate the tissue-engineered urinary diversion. All animals survived the experimental procedures and follow-up. The longest average patency was observed in the 3rd Group (15.8 weeks) compared to the 2nd Group (10 weeks) and the 1st Group (5.8 weeks). The implant’s remnants created a retroperitoneal post-inflammation tunnel confirmed by computed tomography and histological evaluation, which constitutes urostomy. The simultaneous urinary diversion using a tissue-engineered scaffold connected directly with the skin is inappropriate for clinical application.

Dopamine-1 receptor stimulation impairs intestinal oxygen utilization during critical hypoperfusion

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (2) ◽  
pp. H668-H675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Guzman ◽  
Ariosto E. Rosado ◽  
James A. Kruse
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Mucosal Blood Flow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Hemorrhage Control ◽  
Receptor Stimulation ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Increased Susceptibility ◽  
Group 1

Effects of a dopamine-1 (DA-1) receptor agonist on systemic and intestinal oxygen delivery (D˙o 2)-uptake relationships were studied in anesthetized dogs during sequential hemorrhage. Control ( group 1) and experimental animals ( group 2) were treated similarly except for the addition of fenoldopam (1.0 μg · kg−1 · min−1) in group 2. Both groups had comparable systemic criticalD˙o 2(D˙o 2crit), but animals in group 2 had a higher gut D˙o 2crit(1.12 ± 1.13 vs. 0.80 ± 0.09 ml · kg−1 · min−1, P < 0.05). At the mucosal level, a clear biphasic delivery-uptake relationship was not observed in group 1; thus oxygen consumption by the mucosa may be supply dependent under physiological conditions. Group 2 demonstrated higher peak mucosal blood flow and lack of supply dependency at higher mucosalD˙o 2 levels. Fenoldopam resulted in a more conspicuous biphasic relationship at the mucosa and a rightward shift of overall splanchnic D˙o 2crit despite increased splanchnic blood flow. These findings suggest that DA-1 receptor stimulation results in increased gut perfusion heterogeneity and maldistribution of perfusion, resulting in increased susceptibility to ischemia.

scholarly journals The influence of preoperative knee flexion contracture severity on short-term outcome of orthopedic surgery in ambulatory children with bilateral cerebral palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Pantzar-Castilla ◽  
Brian Po-Jung Chen ◽  
Freeman Miller ◽  
Jacques Riad
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Flexion Contracture ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Knee Flexion Contracture ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Indications and cutoff value of deformities to determine surgical procedures for flexed knee gait are not clear. The aim was to determine the influence of none or mild, and moderate preoperative knee flexion contracture on the improvement of gait after orthopedic surgery in children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Methods Inclusion criteria; bilateral CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System level I-III, and pre- and post operative-gait analysis. The 132 individuals identified were categorized into 2 groups based on the severity of knee flexion contracture (group 1: none or less than 11°; group 2: greater than or equal to 11°), and then matched according to the exact same soft tissue and/or bony orthopedic surgical procedures performed. The indication for surgery was to prevent progressive development of knee flexion contracture and stance phase flexed knee gait. Pre- and postoperative physical examination and gait analysis data were analyzed retrospectively. Results Sixty (30 + 30) children, with mean age 10.6 years in each group, were included. The average follow-up time was 17 months. Gait Deviation Index (GDI) improved in group 1 from mean 66 (SD 19) to 74 (15), p = 0.004, and in group 2 from 60 (13) to 69 (15), p = 0.001. Knee flexion in stance improved in group 1 from 21.4 (16.1) to 12.1 (16.0) degrees, p = 0.002, and in group 2 from 32.2 (14.2) to 17.0 (15.9), p = 0.001. Step length improved in both groups, p = 0.017 and p = 0.008, respectively. Only in group 2 significant improvement was noted in walking speed, p = 0.018 and standing function, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-D), p = 0.001. Knee flexion contracture decreased in group 1 from mean 4.6 (5.3) to 2.1 (8.3) degrees, p = 0.071 and in group 2 from 17.2 (4.9) to 9.6 (9.3), p = 0.001. There was no statistical difference between groups in pre-post improvement of GDI or other variables, except GMFM-D. Conclusions Relative mild to moderate preoperative knee flexion contracture does not influence the short-term improvement of gait after orthopedic surgery in children with bilateral CP.

scholarly journals The Impact of Switching from Short-Term Teriparatide Treatment to Denosumab Therapy Compared with Denosumab Alone for Patients with Osteoporotic Hip Fracture: A 1-Year Follow-up Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Ho Park ◽  
Jun-Il Yoo ◽  
Chang Hyun Choi ◽  
You-Sung Suh
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
T Score ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: Switching the prescription from bone-forming medication to resorptive agents is reportedly effective for patients with severe osteoporosis. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of implementing short-term teriparatide (TPTD) intervention before denosumab (DMab) therapy compared with DMab therapy alone for 1 year after hip fracture.Methods: TPTD was administered to 24 patients for an average of 12.1 weeks after which the intervention was switched to DMab therapy for 12 months (group 1). DMab alone was administered to 16 patients for 12 months (group 2). Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated before and after treatment at the 1-year follow-up. The improvement of BMD and T-score in hip and spine was compared with the levels of bone turnover marker.Results: The difference of hip BMD after osteoporosis treatment was -0.0081±0.03 in group 1 and 0.0074±0.04 in group 2 (p=0.180). The difference of spine BMD was 0.0819±0.04 in group 1 and 0.0145±0.03 in group 2 (p<0.001). BMD and T-score of the spine improved significantly in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in C-terminal telopeptide and osteocalcin level. Conclusion: Short-term TPTD administration followed by DMab alone was effective only in improving spine BMD. Short-term treatment with TPTD caused mild improvement in femur neck BMD compared with DMab alone. However, further research with a longer duration of TPTD treatment is warranted, as our findings lack statistical significance.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MYOCARDIAL REVASCULARIZATION IN THE SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH ALTERED CORONARY BLOOD FLOW DETECTED BY TRANSTHORACIC ULTRASOUND

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
M. S. Kamenskikh ◽  
A. V. Zagatina ◽  
N. T. Zhuravskaya ◽  
Yu. N. Fedotov ◽  
D. V. Shmatov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Coronary Blood Flow ◽  
Myocardial Revascularization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coronary Events ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Flow Velocities

Aim of the study was to identify the effects of myocardial revascularization on the prognosis in patients with altered coronary blood flow detected by transthoracic ultrasound.Material and Methods. Four hundred and twelve (412) patients were included in the study. The inclusion criterion was coronary velocity more than 70 cm/s during echocardiography. The study population was divided into three groups: Group 1 comprised patients with high velocities in the coronary arteries detected by ultrasound, in whom myocardial revascularization was performed; Group 2 comprised patients with high velocities in the coronary arteries, in whom myocardial revascularization was not performed and; the Control Group comprised patients with normal coronary blood flow according to ultrasound. The follow-up period was 10–11 months.Results. Seventeen (17) deaths (4.7%) occurred during follow-up. Death rates were 1.6 vs. 8.1 vs. 0% in Group 1, Group 2 and the Control Group, respectively, with a p-value for the difference between Group 1 and Group 2 (p1) of <0.009; and a p-value for the differences compared with the Control group (р2) of <0.03. Death, myocardial infarction, pulmonary edema, and acute coronary syndrome were observed in 27 patients (7.7% of the study group with accelerated blood flow). The rates of these outcomes were 4.9 vs. 11.0 vs. 0% in Group 1, Group 2, and the Control Group, respectively (p1<0.05; p2<0.006). Discussion. The study showed high rates of mortality or acute coronary events in the group of patients with pathologically high coronary flow velocities. The positive effects of revascularization on survival in this group were verified.Conclusions: 1. Left artery coronary flow velocities over 70 cm/s indicate a high probability of death or acute coronary events within 10.5 months.2. Myocardial revascularization has a significant positive effect on the survival rate and incidence of acute coronary events in patients with coronary artery flow velocities greater than 70 cm/s.3. Patients with high coronary blood flow velocities should be referred to coronary angiography or other diagnostic tests without waiting for clinical manifestations and specific symptoms for coronary artery disease.

Effects of Sufentanil on Cerebral Hemodynamics and Intracranial Pressure in Patients with Brain Injury

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-726. ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Werner ◽  
Eberhard Kochs ◽  
Hanswerner Bause ◽  
William E. Hoffman ◽  
Jochen Schulte am Esch
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Norepinephrine Infusion ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background The current study investigates the effects of sufentanil on cerebral blood flow velocity and intracranial pressure (ICP) in 30 patients with intracranial hypertension after severe brain trauma (Glasgow coma scale &lt; 6). Methods Mechanical ventilation (FIO2 0.25-0.4) was adjusted to maintain arterial carbon dioxide tensions of 28-30 mmHg. Continuous infusion of midazolam (200 micrograms/kg/h intravenous) and fentanyl (2 micrograms/kg/h intravenous) was used for sedation. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP, mmHg) was adjusted using norepinephrine infusion (1-5 micrograms/min). Mean blood flow velocity (Vmean, cm/s) was measured in the middle cerebral artery using a 2-MHz transcranial Doppler sonography system. ICP (mmHg) was measured using an epidural probe. After baseline measurements, a bolus of 3 micrograms/kg sufentanil was injected, and all parameters were continuously recorded for 30 min. The patients were assigned retrospectively to the following groups according to their blood pressure responses to sufentanil: group 1, MAP decrease of less than 10 mmHg, and group 2, MAP decrease of more than 10 mmHg. Results Heart rate, arterial blood gases, and esophageal temperature did not change over time in all patients. In 18 patients, MAP did not decrease after sufentanil (group 1). In 12 patients, sufentanil decreased MAP &gt; 10 mmHg from baseline despite norepinephrine infusion (group 2). ICP was constant in patients with maintained MAP (group 1) but was significantly increased in patients with decreased MAP. Vmean did not change with sufentanil injection regardless of changes in MAP. Conclusions The current data show that sufentanil (3 micrograms/kg intravenous) has no significant effect on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and ICP in patients with brain injury, intracranial hypertension, and controlled MAP. However, transient increases in ICP without changes in middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity may occur concomitant with decreases in MAP. This suggests that increases in ICP seen with sufentanil may be due to autoregulatory decreases in cerebral vascular resistance secondary to systemic hypotension.

315 USE OF PERIFOLLICULAR BLOOD FLOW TO PREDICT THE DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF BOVINE CUMULUS-OOCYTE COMPLEXES COLLECTED DURING REPEATED OVUM PICKUP SESSIONS ONCE OR TWICE WEEKLY

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 254 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hanstedt ◽  
K. Höffmann ◽  
Ä Honnens ◽  
H. Bollwein ◽  
C. Wrenzycki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Color Flow Imaging ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Developmental Rates ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

On average, only 20% of the cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) develop to the blastocyst stage (Merton et al. 2003 Theriogenology 59, 651–674). An increase in the blood supply to individual follicles appears to be associated with follicular growth rates, whereas a reduction seems to be closely related to follicular atresia (Acosta et al. 2003 Reproduction 125, 759–767). The purpose of this study was to determine whether qualitative perifollicular blood flow changes can be used to predict the developmental competence of COC collected during repeated ovum pickup (OPU) sessions once or twice weekly. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 20) were used as oocyte donors. After dominant follicle removal, OPU was performed twice (group 1, for 3 weeks) or once (group 2, for six weeks) weekly employing a 7.5-MHz transducer (GE 8C-RS) of an ultrasound scanner (GE Logiq Book). Follicle size and Doppler characteristics were recorded by transvaginal ultrasonography just before COC collection using color flow imaging. Owing for technical limitations for measurement of blood flow in small individual follicles, only the presence or absence of blood flow was assessed for each follicle. When a clearly visible blue or red spot (blood flow) was detected in the follicle wall, it was considered as a follicle with detectable blood flow. Follicles with or without detectable blood flow from each individual cow were aspirated separately. After morphological classification of COC, standard protocols for IVP were used for embryo production (Wrenzycki et al. 2001 Biol. Reprod. 65, 323–331). Cleavage and blastocyst rates were recorded at Day 3 and Day 8, respectively. In total, 464 (246 with and 218 without detectable blood flow) and 243 (125 with and 118 without detectable blood flow) follicles ≥3 mm were aspirated in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Morphology of the COC was similar in all groups. Developmental rates for COC stemming from follicles with or without detectable blood flow in group 1 did not show differences for cleavage rates, 54.0% (34/63) and 56.7% (45/81), and for blastocyst rates, 25.4% (16/63) and 22.2% (18/83), respectively. In group 2, the cleavage rates were also similar for COC originating from follicles with and without detectable blood flow, 54.3% (25/46) and 51.5% (34/66). However, developmental rates up to the blastocyst stage did show a significant difference, 23.9% (11/46) and 15.2% (10/66) for COC aspirated from follicles with or without detectable blood flow (P ≤ 0.05). These results show that using COC originating from follicles with detectable perifollicular blood flow collected once weekly may have a higher developmental competence compared to those from follicle without detectable blood flow. Within the detection limits of this study, differences in perifollicular blood flow during repeated OPU sessions once weekly were predictive of oocyte competence. Ruthe Research Farm, Germany, for providing the animals; Masterrind GmbH, Germany, for donation of the semen; and the HW Schaumann Stiftung for financial support.

Influence of adenosine on cerebral blood flow during hypoxic hypoxia in the newborn piglet

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1534-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Laudignon ◽  
E. Farri ◽  
K. Beharry ◽  
J. Rex ◽  
J. V. Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Arterial Po2 ◽  
Group 1

This study investigated the role of adenosine in the regulation of neonatal cerebral blood flow (CBF) during moderate (arterial PO2 = 47 +/- 9 Torr) and severe (arterial PO2 = 25 +/- 4 Torr) hypoxia. Twenty-eight anesthetized and ventilated newborn piglets were assigned to four groups: 8 were injected intravenously with the vehicle (controls, group 1); 13 received an intravenous injection of 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT), a potent adenosine receptor blocker, either 4 mg/kg (group 2, n = 6, mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels less than 1 mg/l) or 8 mg/kg (group 3, n = 7, mean CSF levels less than 3.5 mg/l); and 7 received an intracerebroventricular injection of 10 micrograms 8-PT (group 4). During normoxia, CBF was not altered by vehicle or 8-PT injections. In group 1, 10 min of moderate and severe hypoxia increased total CBF by 112 +/- 36 and 176 +/- 28% (SE), respectively. Compared with controls, the cerebral hyperemia during moderate hypoxia was not altered in group 2, attenuated in group 3 (to 53 +/- 13%, P = NS), and completely blocked in group 4 (P less than 0.01). CBF increase secondary to severe hypoxia was attenuated only in group 4 (74 +/- 29%, P less than 0.05). CSF concentrations of adenosine and adenosine metabolites measured by high-performance liquid chromatography increased during hypoxia. Arterial O2 content was inversely correlated (P less than 0.005) to maximal CSF levels of adenosine (r = 0.73), inosine (r = 0.87), and hypoxanthine (r = 0.80).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Systemic to Pulmonary Collaterals in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: Incidence, Clinical Significance, and Hemodynamic Features

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Hayek ◽  
Rowena Cayabyab ◽  
Ima Thompson ◽  
Mahmood Ebrahimi ◽  
Bijan Siassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence of systemic to pulmonary collaterals (SPCs) in extremely low birth weight infants and to assess its clinical and hemodynamic significance beyond the neonatal period. Study Design Retrospective cohort study was conducted on 61 infants with echocardiogram performed at the time of discharge to determine the presence of SPC and to measure the right and left ventricular outputs and left atrium to aortic ratio. We compared two groups: small or no SPC (Group 1) to moderate or large SPC (Group 2) on demographics, clinical outcomes, and echocardiographic parameters. Results Sixty-one infants were included. The incidence of SPC was 57%; 21% of infants had moderate or large shunts and 31% had small SPC. Demographics, clinical outcomes, and echocardiographic parameters were not significantly different between small or no SPC and moderate to large SPC. Conclusion More than half of the infants had SPC. The size of the shunt did not affect the clinical outcomes nor the echocardiographic parameters measured. All infants had cardiac output above the normative mean.

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