scholarly journals Frost and flowers: Predicting the effects of climate change on spring frost damage using a large pollen count dataset

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Katz ◽  
Daniel Katz
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Pollen Count ◽  
Spring Frost

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness Dynamics and Spring Phenology: Climate-Driven Changes and New Molecular Insights Into Grapevine Adaptive Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria De Rosa ◽  
Giannina Vizzotto ◽  
Rachele Falchi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Bud Phenology ◽  
Geographical Locations

Climate change has become a topic of increasing significance in viticulture, severely challenged by this issue. Average global temperatures are increasing, but frost events, with a large variability depending on geographical locations, have been predicted to be a potential risk for grapevine cultivation. Grape cold hardiness encompasses both midwinter and spring frost hardiness, whereas the avoidance of spring frost damage due to late budbreak is crucial in cold resilience. Cold hardiness kinetics and budbreak phenology are closely related and affected by bud’s dormancy state. On the other hand, budbreak progress is also affected by temperatures during both winter and spring. Genetic control of bud phenology in grapevine is still largely undiscovered, but several studies have recently aimed at identifying the molecular drivers of cold hardiness loss and the mechanisms that control deacclimation and budbreak. A review of these related traits and their variability in different genotypes is proposed, possibly contributing to develop the sustainability of grapevine production as climate-related challenges rise.

Climate-induced treeline mortality during the termination of the Little Ice Age in the Greater Yellowstone Ecoregion, USA

The Holocene ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 095968362110116
Author(s):  
Maegen L Rochner ◽  
Karen J Heeter ◽  
Grant L Harley ◽  
Matthew F Bekker ◽  
Sally P Horn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Little Ice Age ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Whitebark Pine ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Greater Yellowstone

Paleoclimate reconstructions for the western US show spatial variability in the timing, duration, and magnitude of climate changes within the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, ca. 900–1350 CE) and Little Ice Age (LIA, ca. 1350–1850 CE), indicating that additional data are needed to more completely characterize late-Holocene climate change in the region. Here, we use dendrochronology to investigate how climate changes during the MCA and LIA affected a treeline, whitebark pine ( Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) ecosystem in the Greater Yellowstone Ecoregion (GYE). We present two new millennial-length tree-ring chronologies and multiple lines of tree-ring evidence from living and remnant whitebark pine and Engelmann spruce ( Picea engelmannii Parry ex. Engelm.) trees, including patterns of establishment and mortality; changes in tree growth; frost rings; and blue-intensity-based, reconstructed summer temperatures, to highlight the terminus of the LIA as one of the coldest periods of the last millennium for the GYE. Patterns of tree establishment and mortality indicate conditions favorable to recruitment during the latter half of the MCA and climate-induced mortality of trees during the middle-to-late LIA. These patterns correspond with decreased growth, frost damage, and reconstructed cooler temperature anomalies for the 1800–1850 CE period. Results provide important insight into how past climate change affected important GYE ecosystems and highlight the value of using multiple lines of proxy evidence, along with climate reconstructions of high spatial resolution, to better describe spatial and temporal variability in MCA and LIA climate and the ecological influence of climate change.

scholarly journals Spring Frost Damage to Tea Plants Can Be Identified with Daily Minimum Air Temperatures Estimated by MODIS Land Surface Temperature Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
Peijuan Wang ◽  
Yuping Ma ◽  
Junxian Tang ◽  
Dingrong Wu ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most dominant economic plants in China and plays an important role in agricultural economic benefits. Spring tea is the most popular drink due to Chinese drinking habits. Although the global temperature is generally warming, spring frost damage (SFD) to tea plants still occurs from time to time, and severely restricts the production and quality of spring tea. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating the impact of SFD to tea plants in a timely and precise manner is a significant and urgent task for scientists and tea producers in China. The region designated as the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) in China is a major tea plantation area producing small tea leaves and low shrubs. This region was selected to study SFD to tea plants using meteorological observations and remotely sensed products. Comparative analysis between minimum air temperature (Tmin) and two MODIS nighttime land surface temperature (LST) products at six pixel-window scales was used to determine the best suitable product and spatial scale. Results showed that the LST nighttime product derived from MYD11A1 data at the 3 × 3 pixel window resolution was the best proxy for daily minimum air temperature. A Tmin estimation model was established using this dataset and digital elevation model (DEM) data, employing the standard lapse rate of air temperature with elevation. Model validation with 145,210 ground-based Tmin observations showed that the accuracy of estimated Tmin was acceptable with a relatively high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.841), low root mean square error (RMSE = 2.15 °C) and mean absolute error (MAE = 1.66 °C), and reasonable normalized RMSE (NRMSE = 25.4%) and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (EF = 0.12), with significantly improved consistency of LST and Tmin estimation. Based on the Tmin estimation model, three major cooling episodes recorded in the "Yearbook of Meteorological Disasters in China" in spring 2006 were accurately identified, and several highlighted regions in the first two cooling episodes were also precisely captured. This study confirmed that estimating Tmin based on MYD11A1 nighttime products and DEM is a useful method for monitoring and evaluating SFD to tea plants in the MLRYR. Furthermore, this method precisely identified the spatial characteristics and distribution of SFD and will therefore be helpful for taking effective preventative measures to mitigate the economic losses resulting from frost damage.

scholarly journals Spring frost effects on 30 sweet cherries varieties grown in North Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Roversi ◽  
E. Pattori ◽  
G. L. Malvicini ◽  
S. Sbaruffati
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Sweet Cherries ◽  
Fruit Harvest

After a spring frost occurred in second half of March 2008, with temperatures below 0°C for 8 days consecutively and an absolute minimum of -5.5°C, a lot of observations have been made on the sweet cherry flowers damages. In three different orchards “Italian palmetta” trained on grassing ground soil, the percentage of the flowers killed by frost, was detected and recorded considering the different genotypes and flowers height from the ground. Furthermore, in one orchard only it was possible to find relationship between flowering stage and frost damage. The results clearly confirm our previous works about the highest mortality of the flower in the upper part ( > 1.50 m) of the canopy and in the full bloom open flowers. So, in this area, the easiness of agronomic operations, like pruning and, especially, fruit harvest, due to the crown proximity to the ground, is cancelled by the frequency of spring frost.

scholarly journals The effect of spring frosts on the nectar production and the bee visitation of fruit trees

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Benedek ◽  
J. Nyéki ◽  
I. Amtmann ◽  
F. Bakcsa ◽  
J. Iváncsics ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Spring Frosts

Fruit tree species suffered very strong spring frosts in 1997 in Hungary. This caused partial or total damages at buds and flowers depending on site and time of blooming. It was demonstrated at a number of experiments that frost and cold weather also strongly affected the nectar production of surviving flowers. No or very little amount of nectar was measured in flowers first of all of early blooming fruit tree species (apricot) but also of pear and apple in some places. In spite of this fact intensive honeybee visitation was detected in the flowers of fruit trees that suffered partial frost damage only at those sites where honeybee colonies were placed in or at the experimental plantations and the lack of sufficient amount of nectar did not affected bee behaviour seriously on fruit flowers. This means that bad nectar production failed to affect bee visitation of fruit trees definitely. The reason for this was the fact that not only fruit trees but another early bee plants (wild plants, too) suffered frost damage. Accordingly, in lack of forage bees intensively searched for food at blooming fruit trees with some living flowers. Consequently, there was an acceptable yield at those plantations where bud and flower damage was not complete. Accordingly, intensive bee visitation (that is moving additional bee colonies to overpopulate fruit orchards with honeybees) can be an effective tool to decrease or eliminate the detrimental effect of spring frost on the yield of fruit trees where bud or fruit damage is not too high.  

scholarly journals The Spring frost-damage on the flower and bud of the Broad bean

1951 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
I. SATO ◽  
M. NISHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Broad Bean ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Spring Frost

scholarly journals Seasonal and annual variation of carbon fluxes in a young Siberian larch (<i>Larix sibirica</i>) plantation in Iceland

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6601-6634 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bjarnadottir ◽  
B. D. Sigurdsson ◽  
A. Lindroth
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ecosystem Respiration ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Spring Frost

Abstract. This study reports 3-year measurements (2004–2006) of net ecosystem exchange (NEE) over a 12–14 year old Siberian larch forest in Iceland established on previously grazed heath land pasture that had been site-prepared prior to planting. The study evaluated interannual and seasonal variation of NEE and its component fluxes, gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Re), with the aim to clarify how climatic factors controlled the site's carbon balance. The young plantation acted as a relatively strong sink for CO2 during all of the three years, with a net sequestration of −375, −566 and −245 g CO2 m−2 for years 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The annual carbon balance was strongly influenced by climatic factors leading to a high inter-annual variability in NEE. This variation was more related to variation in carbon efflux (Re) than carbon uptake (GPP). The abiotic factors that showed the strongest correlation to Re were air temperature during the growing season and soil water potential. The GPP mostly followed the seasonal pattern in irradiance, except in 2005, when the plantation experienced severe spring frost damage that set the GPP back to zero. It was not expected that the rather slow-growing Siberian larch plantation would be such a strong sink for atmospheric CO2 only twelve years after site preparation and afforestation.

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