Metabolic Syndrome Is not a Risk Factor for Kidney Dysfunction in Obese Non-diabetic Subjects

AbstractThe impact of most, but not all, cardiovascular risk factors decline by age. We investigated how the metabolic syndrome (MetS) was related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) during 40 years follow-up in the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, 2,123 men all aged 50 at baseline with reinvestigations at age 60, 70, 77 and 82). The strength of MetS as a risk factor of incident combined end-point of three outcomes (CVD) declined with ageing, as well as for myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke and heart failure when analysed separately. For CVD, the risk ratio declined from 2.77 (95% CI 1.90–4.05) at age 50 to 1.30 (95% CI 1.05–1.60) at age 82. In conclusion, the strength of MetS as a risk factor of incident CVD declined with age. Since MetS was significantly related to incident CVD also at old age, our findings suggest that the occurrence of MetS in the elderly should not be regarded as innocent. However, since our data were derived in an observational study, any impact of MetS in the elderly needs to be verified in a randomized clinical intervention trial.

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Mechanisms of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in the Metabolic Syndrome. A Narrative Review

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Luca Rinaldi ◽

Pia Clara Pafundi ◽

Raffaele Galiero ◽

Alfredo Caturano ◽

Maria Vittoria Morone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are two different entities sharing common clinical and physio-pathological features, with insulin resistance (IR) as the most relevant. Large evidence leads to consider it as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, regardless of age, sex, smoking habit, cholesterolemia, and other elements of MS. Therapeutic strategies remain still unclear, but lifestyle modifications (diet, physical exercise, and weight loss) determine an improvement in IR, MS, and both clinical and histologic liver picture. NAFLD and IR are bidirectionally correlated and, consequently, the development of pre-diabetes and diabetes is the most direct consequence at the extrahepatic level. In turn, type 2 diabetes is a well-known risk factor for multiorgan damage, including an involvement of cardiovascular system, kidney and peripheral nervous system. The increased MS incidence worldwide, above all due to changes in diet and lifestyle, is associated with an equally significant increase in NAFLD, with a subsequent rise in both morbidity and mortality due to both metabolic, hepatic and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the slowdown in the increase of the “bad company” constituted by MS and NAFLD, with all the consequent direct and indirect costs, represents one of the main challenges for the National Health Systems.

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Personality as a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review

Journal of Psychosomatic Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 73 (5) ◽

pp. 326-333 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Paula M.C. Mommersteeg ◽

François Pouwer

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for breast cancer

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1007/s00404-011-1837-6 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 284 (5) ◽

pp. 1271-1276 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Lakymê Ângelo Mangueira Porto ◽

Karla Jamille Bezerra Lora ◽

Juliana Coutinho Miranda Soares ◽

Laura Olinda Bregieiro Fernandes Costa

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Independent Risk Factor

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Metabolic Syndrome: A Multiplex Cardiovascular Risk Factor

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2006-0513 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 399-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 379

Author(s):

Scott M. Grundy

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factor

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Abstract P439: Risk Factor Profile and Prevalence of Subclinical Disease in African Americans with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: The Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap439 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Kamel A Gharaibeh ◽

Vanessa Xanthakis ◽

Jung Hye Sung ◽

Tandaw S Samdarshi ◽

Herman A Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Risk Factor ◽

African Americans ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Jackson Heart Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Metabolic Derangement ◽

Risk Factor Profile ◽

Subclinical Disease ◽

Heart Study

Background . Metabolic derangements such as diabetes (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are common in African Americans (AA) and contribute to the higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in this group. A greater prevalence of subclinical disease (ScD) among those with DM and MetS in the AA community may be an explanatory factor. Objective . We assessed the CVD risk factor profile and distribution of ScD among AA with DM and MetS in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Methods . We evaluated 4,365 AA participants [mean age (SD) of 53.8 (12.3) years, 64.5% women] free of overt CVD who attended JHS Exam 1 (between 2000- 2004), when ScD assessment was routinely performed(with the exception of CT for coronary calcium that occurred in Exam2). SCD measures included 1) peripheral artery disease (PAD, defined as ankle-brachial index<0.9), 2) high coronary artery calcium (CAC, defined as score>100), 3) left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH defined as left ventricular mass index>51 g/m 2.7 , 4) low LV ejection fraction (low EF, defined as an EF<50%), and 5) microalbuminuria (MA, defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio>25 μg/mg in men and >35 μg/mg in women). We compared the distribution of standard CVD risk factors and ScD prevalence in 1) those without DM or MetS (referent), 2) those with MetS but no DM and 3) those with DM. Results . In our study sample, 1,089 (24.9%) had MetS with no DM and 752 (17.2%) had DM. Compared to the referent group, groups with metabolic derangement tended to be older, female, hypertensive, obese, and had lower HDL, higher fasting glucose, and higher triglycerides levels. Table 1 compares the distribution of ScD for the three groups, and demonstrates the greater odds of. CAC, LVH and microalbuminuria in participants with MetS or DM. Conclusion . In our large community-based sample of AAs, we observed a significantly high prevalence of ScD overall, especially so in participants with MetS and DM. These findings likely contribute to the high CVD rates in AA with MetS and DM. -->

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