Brain Response to Food Stimulation in Obese, Normal Weight, and Successful Weight Loss Maintainers

Adiponectin is an abundant plasma protein that is closely related to obesity and obesity-related pathologies. The molecule can be found in three different isoforms, each with different biological activities. Studies on canine obesity have suggested that adiponectin concentrations are decreased in obesity; however, no canine meta-analyses have been performed that feature all the required data. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that pertain to total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in relation to canine obesity. From 20 different studies, a total of 366 dogs with obesity and 349 normal weight dogs are included in the meta-analysis. Client-owned dogs were most represented, accounting for 54.3% of the dogs used, while experimental dogs enrolled in the studies made up the remaining 45.7%. The concentrations of total adiponectin in dogs with obesity were significantly lower compared with normal weight dogs. Additionally, adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in dogs after a successful weight loss protocol compared to the start of the protocol and were significantly lower in dogs after gaining weight. In conclusion, although caution should be taken due to the relatively low number of studies that exist and the high heterogeneity between them, this meta-analysis indicates that adiponectin is decreased in obese dogs.

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Successful weight loss reduces endothelial activation in individuals with severe obesity participating in a multimodal weight loss program

Obesity Research & Clinical Practice ◽

10.1016/j.orcp.2021.03.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sabine J.M. Sag ◽

Christina Strack ◽

Judith Zeller ◽

Margareta Mohr ◽

Thomas Loew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Severe Obesity ◽

Endothelial Activation ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Successful Weight Loss

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Effect of a weight loss program on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance among overweight and obese premenopausal females

Journal of Egyptian Public Health Association ◽

10.1186/s42506-020-00060-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Walaa H. Foula ◽

Rana H. Emara ◽

Mona K. Eldeeb ◽

Samiha A. Mokhtar ◽

Fikrat A. El-Sahn

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Adiponectin Level ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Serum Adiponectin ◽

Health Clinic ◽

Serum Adiponectin Level ◽

Health Crisis

Abstract Background Obesity has emerged as a public health crisis in many populations including Egypt. Adipose tissue produces a number of adipokines, one of them is adiponectin which has attracted much attention because of its antidiabetic and antiatherogenic effects. Objective To determine the effect of a weight loss program on serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance among overweight and obese adult premenopausal females. Study design A pre-postintervention study was carried out among 95 premenopausal overweight and obese females (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) aged 20 to 40 years at the integrated health clinic affiliated to the High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria, Egypt, from February 2016 to February 2017. All participants underwent a weight loss program based on a reduced calorie balanced diet and advised to increase their physical activity. Dietary instructions and follow-up were done weekly throughout 16 weeks. Blood samples were collected to investigate serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Results After 16 weeks, a significant decrease in body weight by 9.7% was associated with a significant increase in serum adiponectin from 13.3 ± 4.9 μg/ml to 18.5 ± 5.6 μg/ml. Both fasting insulin and insulin resistance had decreased significantly by 13.6% and 13.7%, respectively. Conclusion A weight reduction program depending on a reduced calorie diet for 16 weeks was associated with a significant increase in total adiponectin level and reduction in insulin resistance. An emphasis on the importance of keeping normal weight through nutritional education and the promotion of healthy diets is recommended to reduce the risk of occurrence of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.

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Weight reduction in the management of hypertension: Epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y86-141 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 64 (6) ◽

pp. 818-824 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Efrain Reisin

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Weight Control ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Close Association ◽

Peripheral Resistance ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Normal Weight

A number of studies have established a close association between increased body mass and elevated blood pressure. The presence of obesity in hypertensive subjects is associated with some hemodynamic, metabolic, and endocrinic characteristics: an increased intravascular volume with a high intracellular body water/interstitial fluid volume ratio, increased cardiac output, stroke volume, and left ventricular work while peripheral resistance was reduced or normal. Weight loss of at least 10 kg can reduce blood pressure independently of changes in sodium intake in obese persons of both sexes with mild, moderate, or severe high blood pressure. The fall in arterial pressure in obese hypertensives after weight loss may reverse many of the previously mentioned altered findings and underscore previous epidemiological studies that have shown that weight control could be an important measure in the treatment of hypertension.

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Preoperative Predictive Factors of Successful Weight Loss and Glycaemic Control 1 Year After Gastric Bypass for Morbid Obesity

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-015-1662-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 2040-2046 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Silvia Palmisano ◽

Marta Silvestri ◽

Michela Giuricin ◽

Edoardo Baldini ◽

Simone Albertario ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morbid Obesity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Predictive Factors ◽

Successful Weight Loss

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Humans with obesity have disordered brain responses to food images during physiological hyperglycemia

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00335.2017 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 314 (5) ◽

pp. E522-E529 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Renata Belfort-DeAguiar ◽

Dongju Seo ◽

Cheryl Lacadie ◽

Sarita Naik ◽

Christian Schmidt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Activity ◽

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Self Control ◽

Food Cues ◽

Brain Response ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Hyperglycemic Clamp ◽

Brain Responses ◽

Food Images

Blood glucose levels influence brain regulation of food intake. This study assessed the effect of mild physiological hyperglycemia on brain response to food cues in individuals with obesity (OB) versus normal weight individuals (NW). Brain responses in 10 OB and 10 NW nondiabetic healthy adults [body mass index: 34 (3) vs. 23 (2) kg/m2, means (SD), P < 0.0001] were measured with functional MRI (blood oxygen level-dependent contrast) in combination with a two-step normoglycemic-hyperglycemic clamp. Participants were shown food and nonfood images during normoglycemia (~95 mg/dl) and hyperglycemia (~130 mg/dl). Plasma glucose levels were comparable in both groups during the two-step clamp ( P = not significant). Insulin and leptin levels were higher in the OB group compared with NW, whereas ghrelin levels were lower (all P < 0.05). During hyperglycemia, insula activity showed a group-by-glucose level effect. When compared with normoglycemia, hyperglycemia resulted in decreased activity in the hypothalamus and putamen in response to food images ( P < 0.001) in the NW group, whereas the OB group exhibited increased activity in insula, putamen, and anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (aPFC/dlPFC; P < 0.001). These data suggest that OB, compared with NW, appears to have disruption of brain responses to food cues during hyperglycemia, with reduced insula response in NW but increased insula response in OB, an area involved in food perception and interoception. In a post hoc analysis, brain activity in obesity appears to be associated with dysregulated motivation (striatum) and inappropriate self-control (aPFC/dlPFC) to food cues during hyperglycemia. Hyperstimulation for food and insensitivity to internal homeostatic signals may favor food consumption to possibly play a role in the pathogenesis of obesity.

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Weight-Loss Behaviors of Avoiding Between Meal and Midnight Snack in Teenagers Associated with Gestational Diabetes: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-962177/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marina Minami ◽

Takafumi Watanabe ◽

Masamitsu Eitoku ◽

Nagamasa Maeda ◽

Mikiya Fujieda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Weight Control ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Crude Odds Ratio ◽

Live Births ◽

Weight Loss Behavior ◽

Previous Cesarean

Abstract Background: Dietary habits and weight control before pregnancy are important in preventing gestational diabetes. This study aims to examine whether the weight-loss behavior of avoiding between meal and midnight snacks in teenagers is associated with subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods: A total of 89,227 (85.7% of the total) mother-infant pairs of live births were included in our study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). In the second or third trimesters, participants were asked to report their weight-loss behaviors during their teenage years. Response items included avoidance of meals and midnight snacking. The main outcome of our study was the prevalence of GDM.Results: Overall, 2,066 (2.3%) participants had GDM. Relative to those without GDM, women with GDM were older, were smokers, had a higher prevalence of hypertension, previous cesarean delivery, mental illness, and higher body mass index (BMI). Weight-loss behavior in their teenage years was associated with a decreased risk of GDM (unadjusted crude odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–0.91), model 1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79–0.94), and model 2 (aOR, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.73–0.88). Weight-loss behavior in teens was associated with a decreased risk of GDM in the normal weight [aOR, 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70–0.89) and overweight (aOR, 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69–0.98) groups.Conclusions: The results suggest that weight-loss behaviors of avoiding in-between meals and midnight snacking as teenagers are associated with a decreased risk of developing GDM.

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Experiences of Barriers and Motivators to Weight-Loss among Saudi People with Overweight or Obesity in Qassim Region - A Qualitative Study

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2017.171 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 1028-1035 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdulrahman A. Al-Mohaimeed ◽

Abeer Abuzeid Atta Elmannan

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Family Support ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Unhealthy Eating ◽

Obesity And Overweight ◽

Successful Weight Loss ◽

Context Specific ◽

Barriers And Motivators ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

BACKGROUND: Obesity has become a global health threat. Saudi Arabia ranks among the countries with high obesity and overweight rates. This study aims to explore experiences of Saudi people with overweight or obesity with a particular focus on the perceived barriers and motivators to weight loss.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used a qualitative approach to recruiting a purposive sample using maximum variation sampling technique. Those who had previously attempted weight loss at least once were included in the study. In-depth interviews were conducted, transcribed and/ or audiotaped. Interviews continued until saturation was reached. The qualitative content analysis was performed.RESULTS: A total of 19 males and 18 females participated in this study with a mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 32.6 kg/m2. Their main triggers to weight loss were concerns about overall health and the desire to improve their looks. Declining motivation, lack of family support and unhealthy eating during social gatherings were perceived as the main barriers. Motivating factors included concerns about health, family support, and availability of exercise facilities.CONCLUSION: Factors responsible for a successful weight- loss is context-specific. This study has shown several barriers as well as motivators, which play an important role in weight reduction and maintenance.

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