scholarly journals Individualized plasticity autograft mimic with efficient bioactivity inducing osteogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wei ◽  
Guixin Zhu ◽  
Zifan Zhao ◽  
Chengcheng Yin ◽  
Qin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Secondary Trauma ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Bone Scaffold ◽  
Fiber Network ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Osteogenic Induction ◽  
Scaffold Materials

AbstractMineralized tissue regeneration is an important and challenging part of the field of tissue engineering and regeneration. At present, autograft harvest procedures may cause secondary trauma to patients, while bone scaffold materials lack osteogenic activity, resulting in a limited application. Loaded with osteogenic induction growth factor can improve the osteoinductive performance of bone graft, but the explosive release of growth factor may also cause side effects. In this study, we innovatively used platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)-modified bone scaffolds (Bio-Oss®) to replace autograft, and used cytokine (BMP-2) to enhance osteogenesis. Encouragingly, this mixture, which we named “Autograft Mimic (AGM)”, has multiple functions and advantages. (1) The fiber network provided by PRF binds the entire bone scaffold together, thereby shaping the bone grafts and maintaining the space of the defect area. (2) The sustained release of BMP-2 from bone graft promoted bone regeneration continuously. (3) AGM recruited bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and promote their proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation. Thus, AGM developed in this study can improve osteogenesis, and provide new guidance for the development of clinical bone grafts.

Prefabrication of Vascularized Allogenic Bone Graft in a Rat by Implanting a Flow-Through Vascular Pedicle and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Containing Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composite

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konosuke Yamaguchi ◽  
Osamu Nakamura ◽  
Sachiko Tobiume ◽  
Tetsuji Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshio Kaji
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Allogenic Bone ◽  
Flow Through

Background Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is known to stimulate bone formation and angiogenesis. Hydroxyapatite/collagen composite (HAp/Col) is also known to have very strong bone conductive activity. In this study, prefabrication of vascularized allogenic bone (allo-bone) graft was attempted in recipients by implanting vascular bundles from recipients into the transplanted allo-bone graft. Furthermore, the effect of bFGF-containing HAp/Col on the prefabricated vascularized allo-bone graft was investigated. Methods In this study, 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors, and bone grafts were collected from their femora. Thirty-two Wistar rats (recipients) were divided into four groups, and the allo-bone grafts were transplanted into the thigh region. In the experimental groups, one or both of the flow-through saphenous vascular bundles and 100-μg bFGF-containing HAp/Col were implanted into the medullary cavity of the allo-bone grafts. In the control group, neither was implanted. These rats were sacrificed at 4 weeks after transplantation, and bone formation, angiogenesis, and bone resorption in the transplanted allo-bone grafts were evaluated histologically and genetically. Results Bone formation and angiogenesis in the transplanted allo-bone graft were effectively stimulated by implanting vascular bundles or bFGF-containing HAp/Col on both histological and genetic evaluations compared with the control group. The most significant stimulation was observed in the group in which both were implanted. Bone resorption was not stimulated in any group. Conclusion By implanting a flow-through vascular bundle and bFGF-containing HAp/Col, an ideal vascularized allo-bone graft that had high bone formative and angiogenetic activities and did not stimulate bone resorptive activity was prefabricated.

scholarly journals Nonstructural bone graft for single-segment lumbar tuberculosis: surgical indications, clinical efficacy, and preliminary experiences in 34 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006052098278
Author(s):  
Xing Du ◽  
Yunsheng Ou ◽  
Guanyin Jiang ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Bone Graft ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Operative Time ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Surgical Indications ◽  
Operative Blood Loss ◽  
The Mean

Objective This study was performed to evaluate the surgical indications, clinical efficacy, and preliminary experiences of nonstructural bone grafts for lumbar tuberculosis (TB). Methods Thirty-four patients with lumbar TB who were treated with nonstructural bone grafts were retrospectively assessed. The operative time, operative blood loss, hospital stay, bone graft fusion time, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration, visual analog scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment grade, and Cobb angle were recorded and analyzed. Results The mean operative time, operative blood loss, hospital stay, Cobb angle correction, and Cobb angle loss were 192.59 ± 42.16 minutes, 385.29 ± 251.82 mL, 14.91 ± 5.06 days, 9.02° ± 3.16°, and 5.54° ± 1.09°, respectively. During the mean follow-up of 27.53 ± 8.90 months, significant improvements were observed in the ESR, CRP concentration, VAS score, ODI, and ASIA grade. The mean bone graft fusion time was 5.15 ± 1.13 months. Three complications occurred, and all were cured after active treatment. Conclusions Nonstructural bone grafts may achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy for appropriately selected patients with lumbar TB.

The Role of Bone Grafts in Preventing Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Histomorphometric, Immunohistochemical, and Clinical Evaluation in Animal Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 194338752110483
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina de Moraes Balbas ◽  
Caroline Águeda Corrêa ◽  
Manuella Zanela ◽  
Roberta Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Group I

Objective: To evaluate the effects of inorganic bovine bone graft (Lumina Bone, Criteria, Brazil) and beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) graft (ChronOS, Synthes, Brazil) in rats with the risk of developing post-extraction medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats weighing 350 to 450 g were induced to develop MRONJ using zoledronic acid for 5 weeks. In the sixth week, the right maxillary first molar was extracted. The animals in Group I (G1) did not receive bone grafts after tooth extraction, while Group II (G2) animals received inorganic bovine bone grafts, and Group III (G3) animals received beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) grafts. Clinical evaluation and histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. ANOVA and Tukey’s statistical tests were used and a level of significance was considered to be 5%. Results: In the clinical evaluation, animals from G2 and G3 did not present clinical manifestations of osteonecrosis, unlike the control group (G1) animals, which presented necrotic bone tissue exposure in all samples. In the histomorphometric evaluation, animals in G3 showed greater formation of bone tissue (66%) and less formation of bone lacuna (18%) than animals in G1 (58%/32%) and in G2 (59%/27%) ( P < 0.05). Moderate (++) immunostaining was observed in G2 and G3 for RANKL, TRAP, and OC, while G1 showed moderate (++) labeling for OC and mild (+) immunostaining for TRAP and RANKL. Conclusions: Greater formation of bone tissue and fewer bone lacunae were found in animals treated with β-TCP. In clinical evaluation, bone graft groups presented with the clinical manifestation of MRONJ and showed higher intensity of immunostaining for TRAP and RANKL. Despite the limitations of experimental animal studies, the results of this work may assist in the development of future clinical research for the prevention of MRONJ.

scholarly journals Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor ameliorate hypoxic–ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 561-572
Author(s):  
Wen Zeng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yufeng Xi ◽  
Guoqing Wei ◽  
Rong Ju
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Hepatocyte Growth

Abstract Objectives Hypoxic–ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a major cause of brain injury in neonates. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) show therapeutic potential for HIBD, and genetic modification may enhance their neuroprotective effects. The goal of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-overexpressing BMSCs (BMSCs-HGF) against HIBD and their underlying mechanisms. Methods: BMSCs were transfected with HGF using adenoviral vectors. HIBD models were established and then BMSCs were transplanted into the brains of HIBD rats via intraventricular injection. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to measure cerebral infarction volumes. In vitro, primary cultured cortical neurons were co-cultured with BMSCs in a Transwell plate system. Oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) was applied to imitate hypoxic–ischemic insult, and PD98059 was added to the culture medium to block the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Cell apoptosis was determined using TUNEL staining. The expression of HGF was measured by immunofluorescence, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and western blots. The expression of phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was measured by western blots. Results HGF-gene transfection promoted BMSC proliferation. Moreover, BMSCs-HGF decreased HIBD-induced cerebral infarction volumes and enhanced the protective effects of the BMSCs against HIBD. BMSCs-HGF also increased expression of HGF, p-ERK, and Bcl-2 in brain tissues. In vitro, BMSC-HGF protected neurons against OGD-induced apoptosis. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation abolished the neuroprotective effect of BMSCs-HGF against OGD. Conclusions BMSCs-HGF is a potential treatment for HIBD and that the ERK/Bcl-2 pathway is involved in the underlying neuroprotective mechanism.

scholarly journals Microfibrillar-associated protein 5 regulates osteogenic differentiation by modulating the Wnt/β-catenin and AMPK signaling pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Li ◽  
Wuling Zhou ◽  
Shiwei Sun ◽  
Tianlong Zhang ◽  
Tieqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Induction ◽  
Overexpressing Cell ◽  
Gsk 3Β

Abstract Background Dysfunctional osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) plays an important role in osteoporosis occurrence and development. However, the molecular mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation remain unclear. This study explored whether microfibrillar-associated protein 5 (MFAP5) regulated BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Methods We used shRNA or cDNA to knock down or overexpress MFAP5 in C3H10 and MC3T3-E1 cells. AR-S- and ALP-staining were performed to quantify cellular osteogenic differentiation. The mRNA levels of the classical osteogenic differentiation biomarkers Runx2, Col1α1, and OCN were quantified by qRT-PCR. Finally, we employed Western blotting to measure the levels of Wnt/β-catenin and AMPK signaling proteins. Results At days 0, 3, 7, and 14 after osteogenic induction, AR-S- and ALP-staining was lighter in MFAP5 knockdown compared to control cells, as were the levels of Runx2, Col1α1 and OCN. During osteogenesis, the levels of β-catenin, p-GSK-3β, AMPK, and p-AMPK were upregulated, while that of GSK-3β was downregulated, indicating that Wnt/β-catenin and AMPK signaling were activated. The relevant molecules were expressed at lower levels in the knockdown than control group; the opposite was seen for overexpressing cell lines. Conclusions MFAP5 regulates osteogenesis via Wnt/β‑catenin- and AMPK-signaling; MFAP5 may serve as a therapeutic target in patients with osteoporosis.

Bone Grafts: An Overview of Bone Remodeling, Types and Recent Advances

2021 ◽  
pp. 6101-6105
Author(s):  
Gopala Krishna Ganta ◽  
Rama Krishna Alla ◽  
Kamala Cheruvu ◽  
Bharathi Ram Guduri
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

Bone grafts are often used to retrieve the lost bone in the most acceptable, technical and skilful manner that enables to restore the form and function of the bone. Numerous bone graft materials have been developed to fill and/or remodel the bony defects. Though, autografts were considered to be the gold standard among the grafts available; they have got some inherent disadvantages. The current research is more focused on allografts, which addressed the problems associated with autografts. This article provides an insight into the remodeling process, and various types of bone grafts currently available. Also, the emphasis was given on the recent advances of the bone grafts.

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