Age-specific reference values for carotid arterial stiffness estimated by ultrasonic wall tracking

Objective: The objective was to investigate glycemic variability indices in relation to demographic factors and common environmental lifestyles in a general adult population. Methods: The A Estrada Glycation and Inflammation Study is a cross-sectional study covering 1516 participants selected by sampling of the population aged 18 years and over. A subsample of 622 individuals participated in the Glycation project, which included continuous glucose monitoring procedures. Five glycemic variability indices were analyzed, that is, SD, MAGE, MAG, CONGA1, and MODD. Results: Participants had a mean age of 48 years, 62% were females, and 12% had been previously diagnosed with diabetes. In the population without diabetes, index distributions were not normal but skewed to the right. Distributional regression models that adjusted for age, gender, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, and physical activity confirmed that all indices were positively and independently associated with fasting glucose levels and negatively with heavy drinking. SD, MAGE, and CONGA1 were positively associated with aging, and MAG was negatively associated with BMI. None of the GVI studied were influenced by physical activity. Age-group-specific reference values are given for the indices. Conclusions: This study yielded age-specific reference values for glucose variability indices in a general adult population. Significant increases were observed with aging. Heavy drinking of more than 140 g/week was associated with significant decreases in variability indices. No differences were found between males and females. These normative ranges provide a guide for clinical care, and may offer an alternative treatment target among persons with diabetes.

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Age-, Body Size-, and Sex-Specific Reference Values for Right Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fraction by Three-Dimensional Echocardiography

Circulation Cardiovascular Imaging ◽

10.1161/circimaging.113.000706 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 700-710 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

Francesco Maffessanti ◽

Denisa Muraru ◽

Roberta Esposito ◽

Paola Gripari ◽

Davide Ermacora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Ejection Fraction ◽

Right Ventricular ◽

Reference Values ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Ventricular Volumes ◽

Dimensional Echocardiography ◽

Three Dimensional Echocardiography

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Abstract 170: Re-evaluation of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness by Z-score in Children and Adolescents After Kawasaki Disease

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_2.170 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_2) ◽

Author(s):

Nobutaka Noto ◽

Masataka Kato ◽

Yuriko Abe ◽

Hiroshi Kamiyama ◽

Kensuke Karasawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kawasaki Disease ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Reference Values ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Specific Reference ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Z Scores ◽

The Mean

Objectives: The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a reliable screening method for vascular alterations even in a pediatric cohort; however, reference values of CIMT established recently by LMS methods for childhood and adolescence are limited when comparing patients after Kawasaki disease (KD) and controls. We tested the hypothesis that there are significant differences between the values of CIMT expressed as absolute values and z-scores in children and adolescents after KD and controls. Methods: We reviewed 12 published articles regarding CIMT on patients after KD and controls. Absolute values (Ab) of the mean±1 SD of CIMT in patients after KD and controls were transformed to z-scores (Zs) using age-specific reference values established by Jourdan et al. (J: 247 Caucasian subjects aged 10-20 years) and our own data (O: 175 Asian subjects aged 6-20 years), and the results were compared between the two references. In this study, the mean age of the study population derived from each article was designated the representative age for transformation. Results: In either reference (J) or (O), there was no significant sex difference in CIMT at any given age. The mean CIMT of (Ab) and (Zs) transformed by (J) or (O) were significantly different between patients after KD and controls, at 41.6% (Ab), 66.6% (Zs) by (J), and 83.3% (Zs) by (O) among 12 articles, respectively. Therefore, patients after KD had significantly higher (Zs) by (O) than those of controls (0.66±0.71 vs. 0.03±0.68, p=0.006, respectively). Compared with reference values, the controls of (O) were within the normal range. However, there were no significant differences in (Zs) by (J) between the two groups (1.72±0.77 vs. 1.23±0.83, p=0.116, respectively). When we assessed 9 articles dealing with Asian subjects, the difference of (Zs) between the two groups remained significant only by (O) (p=0.015). In contrast, when we assessed 3 articles dealing with mainly Caucasian subjects, there was no significant difference in (Zs) between the two groups with both (J) and (O). Conclusions: These results indicate that age and race-specific reference values for CIMT are mandatory for performing an accurate assessment of the vascular status in healthy children and adolescents and particularly in those after KD.

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