scholarly journals Polarisation optics for biomedical and clinical applications: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao He ◽  
Honghui He ◽  
Jintao Chang ◽  
Binguo Chen ◽  
Hui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Physical Interpretation ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Vector Measurement

AbstractMany polarisation techniques have been harnessed for decades in biological and clinical research, each based upon measurement of the vectorial properties of light or the vectorial transformations imposed on light by objects. Various advanced vector measurement/sensing techniques, physical interpretation methods, and approaches to analyse biomedically relevant information have been developed and harnessed. In this review, we focus mainly on summarising methodologies and applications related to tissue polarimetry, with an emphasis on the adoption of the Stokes–Mueller formalism. Several recent breakthroughs, development trends, and potential multimodal uses in conjunction with other techniques are also presented. The primary goal of the review is to give the reader a general overview in the use of vectorial information that can be obtained by polarisation optics for applications in biomedical and clinical research.

Clinical applications of nanomedicine research with Sourav Bhattacharjee

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
University College ◽  
The University

In this second Expert Perspective video with Sourav Bhattacharjee of the University College Dublin, Sourav discusses how nanomedicine is being used in clinical research, with particular emphasis on the role of nanomedicine and nanotechnology in cancer treatment.

scholarly journals VALORIZATION AND TREATMENT OF OILY WASTEWATERSFROM AGRO-INDUSTRIESUSING LIPASES: AN OVERVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-219
Author(s):  
Mulinari Jéssica ◽  
Júnior Afonso Henrique da Silva ◽  
Oliveira Carlos Rafael Silva de ◽  
Júnior Francisco Wilson Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Environmental Liabilities ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Oil Fraction ◽  
Antioxidant Agents

Oily wastewater from agro-industries can cause severe environmental and public health damages if unproperly treated. The conventional methods have several limitations for the treatment of oily wastewaters since the oil fraction can cause pipe clogging and biomass washout during the biological step. Based on this, the use of lipases can increase the oil removal efficiency of the treatments, minimizing operational problems,and improving the performance of the biological process. Lipases can also be used for the valorization of the oily wastewaters, transforming these waste streams intovaluable compounds, such as biodiesel, lubricants, antioxidant agents, etc. The use of wastes for the production of value-added compounds followsthe circular economy approach, minimizing the generation of residues and potential environmental liabilities. Thus, this study aims to give a general overview of themain topics related to thetreatment and valorization of oily wastewaters using lipases. The main characteristics of oily wastewaters from agro-industries areaddressed, as well as the most used conventional techniques for their treatment. Some relevant information about the enzyme lipaseisalso discussed to give the reader a background about how these enzymes can be applied for the treatment and transformation of oily wastes.

scholarly journals Broad concepts and messy realities: optimising the application of mental capacity criteria

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2021-107571
Author(s):  
Scott Y H Kim ◽  
Nuala B Kane ◽  
Alexander Ruck Keene ◽  
Gareth S Owen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Capacity Assessment ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Mental Capacity Act

Most jurisdictions require that a mental capacity assessment be conducted using a functional model whose definition includes several abilities. In England and Wales and in increasing number of countries, the law requires a person be able to understand, to retain, to use or weigh relevant information and to communicate one’s decision. But interpreting and applying broad and vague criteria, such as the ability ‘to use or weigh’ to a diverse range of presentations is challenging. By examining actual court judgements of capacity, we previously developed a descriptive typology of justifications (rationales) used in the application of the Mental Capacity Act (MCA) criteria. We here critically optimise this typology by showing how clear definitions—and thus boundaries—between the criteria can be achieved if the ‘understanding’ criterion is used narrowly and the multiple rationales that fall under the ability to ‘use or weigh’ are specifically enumerated in practice. Such a typology-aided practice, in theory, could make functional capacity assessments more transparent, accountable, reliable and valid. It may also help to create targeted supports for decision making by the vulnerable. We also discuss how the typology could evolve legally and scientifically, and how it lays the groundwork for clinical research on the abilities enumerated by the MCA.

Minimal Modeling Approaches to Value of Information Analysis for Health Research

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Meltzer ◽  
Ties Hoomans ◽  
Jeannette W. Chung ◽  
Anirban Basu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Value Of Information ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Information Analysis ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Analytic Models

Value of information (VOI) techniques can provide estimates of the expected benefits from clinical research studies that can inform decisions about the design and priority of those studies. Most VOI studies use decision-analytic models to characterize the uncertainty of the effects of interventions on health outcomes, but the complexity of constructing such models can pose barriers to some practical applications of VOI. However, because some clinical studies can directly characterize uncertainty in health outcomes, it may sometimes be possible to perform VOI analysis with only minimal modeling. This article 1) develops a framework to define and classify minimal modeling approaches to VOI, 2) reviews existing VOI studies that apply minimal modeling approaches, and 3) illustrates and discusses the application of the minimal modeling to two new clinical applications to which the approach appears well suited because clinical trials with comprehensive outcomes provide preliminary estimates of the uncertainty in outcomes. We conclude that minimal modeling approaches to VOI can be readily applied to in some instances to estimate the expected benefits of clinical research.

scholarly journals 3143 DIAMOND: A Digital Platform for Workforce Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 67-67
Author(s):  
Brenda Eakin ◽  
Elias M. Samuels ◽  
Vicki Ellingrod ◽  
Carolynn Jones ◽  
Camille Anne Martina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Learning Space ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Competency Domains

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The DIAMOND project encourages study team workforce development through the creation of a digital learning space that brings together resources from across the CTSA consortium. This allows for widespread access to and dissemination of training and assessment materials. DIAMOND also includes access to an ePortfolio that encourages CRPs to define career goals and document professional skills and training. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Four CTSA institutions (the University of Michigan, the Ohio State University, University of Rochester, and Tufts CTSI) collaborated to develop and implement the DIAMOND portal. The platform is structured around eight competency domains, making it easy for users to search for research training and assessment materials. Contributors can upload links to (and meta-data about) training and assessment materials from their institutions, allowing resources to be widely disseminated through the DIAMOND platform. Detailed information about materials included in DIAMOND is collected through an easy to use submission form. DIAMOND also includes an ePortfolio designed for CRPs. This encourages workforce development by providing a tool for self-assessment of clinical research skills, allowing users to showcase evidence of experience, training and education, and fosters professional connections. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: To date, more than 100 items have been posted to DIAMOND from nine contributors. In the first 30 days there were 229 active users with more than 500 page views from across the U.S. as well as China and India. Training materials were viewed most often from four competency domains: 1) Scientific Concepts & Research Design, 2) Clinical Study Operations, 3) Ethical & Participant Safety, and 4) Leadership & Professionalism. Additionally, over 100 CRPs have created a DIAMOND ePortfolio account, using the platform to document skills, connect with each other, and search for internships and job opportunities. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Lessons learned during development of the DIAMOND digital platform include defining relevant information to collect for the best user experience; selection of a standardized, user-friendly digital platform; and integration of the digital network and ePortfolio. Combined, the DIAMOND portal and ePortfolio provide a professional development platform for clinical research professionals to contribute, access, and benefit from training and assessment opportunities relevant to workforce development and their individual career development needs.

scholarly journals Biochemistry, Safety, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Applications of Turmeric: A Mechanistic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Shabir Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Tauseef Sultan ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Marwa Waheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Safety And Toxicity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a popular natural drug, traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Its root, as its most popular part used for medicinal purposes, contains different types of phytochemicals and minerals. This review summarizes what is currently known on biochemistry, safety, pharmacological activities (mechanistically), and clinical applications of turmeric. In short, curcumin is considered as the fundamental constituent in ground turmeric rhizome. Turmeric possesses several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. These reported pharmacologic activities make turmeric an important option for further clinical research. Also, there is a discussion on its safety and toxicity.

scholarly journals Reciproc blue: the new generation of reciprocation

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Ghassan Yared
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Preparation Procedure ◽  
Glide Path ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Thermally Treated

Aim: This article introduces the Reciproc1 blue system and describes the clinical technique with and without creating a glide path. Methodology: The concept of canal preparation with only one mechanical instrument used in reciprocation was introduced several years ago. Studies and clinical research have shown the efficiency and the safety of the Reciproc1 instrument in the preparation of the majority of canals without creating a glide path, and in the retreatment procedure. Results: Reciproc1 blue, a thermally treated instrument is an improved version of the original Reciproc1 instrument; it has an increased resistance to cyclic fatigue and a greater flexibility enabling a safer and smoother canal preparation procedure, and a wider range of clinical applications. Conclusions: This article introduces and describes the clinical technique with which the Reciproc1 blue instrument is used, even without the need to create a glide path with manual files before using the mechanical instrument.

Special Section: Contemporary Clinical Challenges of Group Analysis Group Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Nitzgen
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Analysis Group ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Economic Constraints

This paper presents a general overview of the challenges which the practice of group analysis continues to face in the field of clinical research, highlighting some of the social changes and economic pressures which influence and affect these challenges. Economic constraints are highlighted, with some suggestions as to how group analysis can develop in order to endeavour to meet the needs of different types of patients, as well as satisfying the ever-changing demands of health services and organizations.

scholarly journals X-ray phase imaging: from synchrotron to hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2010) ◽  
pp. 20130023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Momose ◽  
Wataru Yashiro ◽  
Kazuhiro Kido ◽  
Junko Kiyohara ◽  
Chiho Makifuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
Joint Diseases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Finger Joints ◽  
Machine Operation ◽  
Scan Time

With the aim of clinical applications of X-ray phase imaging based on Talbot–Lau-type grating interferometry to joint diseases and breast cancer, machines employing a conventional X-ray generator have been developed and installed in hospitals. The machine operation especially for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis is described, which relies on the fact that cartilage in finger joints can be depicted with a dose of several milligray. The palm of a volunteer observed with 19 s exposure (total scan time: 32 s) is reported with a depicted cartilage feature in joints. This machine is now dedicated for clinical research with patients.

scholarly journals State Medical Board Responses to an Inquiry on Physician Researcher Misconduct

2008 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Stefan P. Kruszewski ◽  
Richard P Paczynski ◽  
Marzana Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Research Misconduct ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Disciplinary Action ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
State Medical Boards ◽  
State Medical Board

ABSTRACT Misconduct in clinical research jeopardizes the integrity of medical science. Physician researcher misconduct that produces flawed results has consequences, including the subsequent inability of other physicians who rely on erroneous data to provide informed consent and/or accurate assessment of pharmaceutical and medical device efficacy and safety. This deviation from acceptable medical practice can directly harm patients. How state medical boards address this clinical problem is uncertain. To examine this issue, we asked 51 U.S. medical boards to search their databases for disciplinary action in response to physician researcher misconduct (PRM) from 1996 thru early 2007. We compared their responses with data from federal agencies responsible for disciplinary actions against clinical researchers. Our results demonstrated: i) a high percentage (45 percent) of U.S. medical boards indicated that they did not have or could not provide access to data adequate to address whether or not disciplinary action for PRM had been levied in their states and ii) of respondents able to make relevant information available, we identified only 13 cases of physician disciplinary action for PRM. In contrast, several dozen examples of disciplinary action against physicians for serious clinical research misconduct could be readily documented in publicly accessible data from federal regulatory agencies.

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