scholarly journals Distinct composition and metabolic functions of human gut microbiota are associated with cachexia in lung cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiong Ni ◽  
Zoltan Lohinai ◽  
Yoshitaro Heshiki ◽  
Balazs Dome ◽  
Judit Moldvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Functional Pathways

AbstractCachexia is associated with decreased survival in cancer patients and has a prevalence of up to 80%. The etiology of cachexia is poorly understood, and limited treatment options exist. Here, we investigated the role of the human gut microbiome in cachexia by integrating shotgun metagenomics and plasma metabolomics of 31 lung cancer patients. The cachexia group showed significant differences in the gut microbial composition, functional pathways of the metagenome, and the related plasma metabolites compared to non-cachectic patients. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), methylhistamine, and vitamins were significantly depleted in the plasma of cachexia patients, which was also reflected in the depletion of relevant gut microbiota functional pathways. The enrichment of BCAAs and 3-oxocholic acid in non-cachectic patients were positively correlated with gut microbial species Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus gasseri, respectively. Furthermore, the gut microbiota capacity for lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis was significantly enriched in cachectic patients. The involvement of the gut microbiome in cachexia was further observed in a high-performance machine learning model using solely gut microbial features. Our study demonstrates the links between cachectic host metabolism and specific gut microbial species and functions in a clinical setting, suggesting that the gut microbiota could have an influence on cachexia with possible therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Distinct gut microbial communities and metabolic functions are associated with cachexia in lung cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueqiong Ni ◽  
Zoltan Lohinai ◽  
Yoshitaro Heshiki ◽  
Balazs Dome ◽  
Judit Moldvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Functional Pathways

Abstract Background Cachexia is associated with decreased survival in cancer patients and has a prevalence of up to 80%. The etiology of cachexia is poorly understood, and limited treatment options exist. Here, we investigated the role of the human gut microbiome in the clinical setting by integrating shotgun metagenomics and plasma metabolomics of 38 lung cancer patients, with known cachexia status. Results The cachexia group showed significant differences in the gut microbial composition, functional pathways of the metagenome, and the related plasma metabolites compared to non-cachectic patients. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), methylhistamine, as well as vitamins, were significantly depleted in the plasma of cachexia patients, which was also reflected in the depletion of relevant gut microbiota functional pathways. The enrichment of plasma BCAAs and 3-oxocholic acid in non-cachectic patients were positively correlated with the gut microbial species Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus gasseri, respectively. Furthermore, the gut microbiota capacity for lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis was significantly enriched in the cancer cachectic patients. The involvement of gut microbiome in cachexia was further observed in a high-performance machine learning model that uses solely gut microbial taxonomic and pathway features to differentiate cachectic from non-cachectic cancer patients. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the links between host metabolism and specific gut microbial species and functions in a clinical setting, suggesting that the gut microbiota could have an influence on cachexia with possible future therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals The gut microbiome can be used to predict the gastrointestinal response and efficacy of lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4211-4227
Author(s):  
Min Zhang ◽  
Huan Zhou ◽  
Shanshan Xu ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Ye Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

Impact of antibiotic (ATB) exposure prior to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment on overall survival (OS): A population-based study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 303-303
Author(s):  
Lawson Eng ◽  
Rinku Sutradhar ◽  
Yue Niu ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Exposure Windows ◽  
The Impact

303 Background: ICIs are a common therapeutic option for many solid tumors. While prior studies have shown that ATB exposure may negatively impact ICI outcomes through gut microbiome changes, many were small studies with heterogeneity in ATB classes and exposure windows. Here, we performed a population level retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of ATB exposure prior to ICI on OS. Methods: We used administrative data to identify a cohort of cancer patients > 65 years of age receiving ICIs from June 2012 to October 2018 in Ontario, Canada and deterministically linked with databases to obtain socio-demographic and clinical co-variates and ATB prescription claims. Multivariable cox-proportional hazard models evaluated the impact of ATB exposure both within 1 year and 60 days prior to starting ICI on OS, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, comorbidities, autoimmune history, hospitalization in the past year and treatment facility level at start of ICI therapy. Results: Among 2737 patients, median age 73; 43% received Nivolumab, 41% Pembrolizumab and 13% Ipilimumab; 53% were lung cancer, 34% melanoma. Median ATB treatment duration for patients receiving ATB within 1 year (59%) and 60 days (19%) prior to ICI were 14 days (SD = 32) and 9 days (SD = 13) respectively. Median OS estimate was 306 days. Any ATB exposure within 1 year prior to ICI was associated with worse OS (aHR = 1.12 95% CI [1.12-1.23] p = 0.03). A non significant dose effect was seen based on weeks of ATB exposure 1 year prior to ICI (aHR = 1.01 per week [1.00-1.02] p = 0.10). ATB class analysis identified fluoroquinolone exposure within 1 year (aHR = 1.26 [1.13-1.40] p < 0.001) and 60 days before ICI (aHR = 1.20 [0.99-1.45] p = 0.06) were associated with worse OS; with a dose effect based on total weeks of exposure over 1 year (aHR = 1.07 per week [1.03-1.11] p < 0.001) and 60 days (aHR = 1.12 per week [1.03-1.23] p = 0.01). Subgroup analysis showed similar results for patients receiving anti-PD1 ICIs, where patients exposed to fluoroquinolone both 1 year (aHR = 1.28 [1.15-1.44] p < 0.001) and 60 days (aHR = 1.19 [0.98-1.44] p = 0.08) before ICIs had poorer OS with dose effects observed based on weeks of fluoroquinolone exposure. Similarly, subgroup analyses based on disease site identified that lung cancer patients exposed to fluoroquinolones 1 year before starting ICIs (aHR = 1.22 [1.06-1.39] p = 0.005) and melanoma patients exposed to fluoroquinolones 60 days before starting ICIs (aHR = 1.66 [1.12-2.47] p = 0.01) had poorer OS. Conclusions: Exposure to ATBs and specifically fluoroquinolones prior to ICI therapy is associated with worse OS. Interventions aimed at altering the gut microbiome may be required to help improve outcomes for patients on ICIs with prior ATB exposure.

scholarly journals P3.09-03 Alteration of Gut Microbiome in Lung Cancer Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. S947 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Li ◽  
J. Yuan ◽  
S. Wen ◽  
J. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Alteration of Gut Microbiome in Lung Cancer Patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ming ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Chen Xiaohui ◽  
Zhou Huan ◽  
Wei Xiaoqing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Immunological Relationship

ABSTRACTLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Better understanding of factors and pathways involved in lung cancer is needed to improve diagnose and treatment strategies. Recent studies have provided insights into the possible correlation between intestinal dysbiosis and cancer development. Although the immunological relationship between gut and lung had been suggested by many researches, however, to date, no study had investigated the characterization of gut microbiome in treatment naïve lung cancer patients, whether it is distinct from that of health individuals and contribute to the onset and development of lung cancer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether gut microbiome of lung cancer patients (LC, n=28) is altered compare with that of matched healthy individuals (HC, n=19) by high throughout sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of 16S rDNA in their fecal samples. We also identified microbiota signatures specific for different histological types of lung cancer, including SSC, ADC, and SCLC. The gut microbiome of lung cancer patients is characterized by decreased relative abundance of Prevotella, and increased bacteria groups such as Actinomyces, and Streptococcus, etc. We also detected a mild structural shift in gut microbiome between ADC and SCLC patients. Our results showed that the gut microbiome of lung cancer patients altered significantly compared with healthy individuals. However, the association between microbial dysbiosis and lung cancer is not clearly understood, future studies involving larger cohorts and metagenomics, or metabolomics, may elucidate the correlations between gut microbiota and lung cancer development.IMPORTANCEThis is the first report to show the alteration of gut microbiome in lung cancer patients. Our results showed that the gut microbiome of lung cancer patients altered significantly compared with healthy individuals.

scholarly journals Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of Minerals in Relation to a Healthy Gut Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6803
Author(s):  
Viktor Bielik ◽  
Martin Kolisek
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Athletic Training ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sport Nutrition ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Wide Range

Adequate amounts of a wide range of micronutrients are needed by body tissues to maintain health. Dietary intake must be sufficient to meet these micronutrient requirements. Mineral deficiency does not seem to be the result of a physically active life or of athletic training but is more likely to arise from disturbances in the quality and quantity of ingested food. The lack of some minerals in the body appears to be symbolic of the modern era reflecting either the excessive intake of empty calories or a negative energy balance from drastic weight-loss diets. Several animal studies provide convincing evidence for an association between dietary micronutrient availability and microbial composition in the gut. However, the influence of human gut microbiota on the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of trace elements in human food has rarely been studied. Bacteria play a role by effecting mineral bioavailability and bioaccessibility, which are further increased through the fermentation of cereals and the soaking and germination of crops. Moreover, probiotics have a positive effect on iron, calcium, selenium, and zinc in relation to gut microbiome composition and metabolism. The current literature reveals the beneficial effects of bacteria on mineral bioaccessibility and bioavailability in supporting both the human gut microbiome and overall health. This review focuses on interactions between the gut microbiota and several minerals in sport nutrition, as related to a physically active lifestyle.

scholarly journals The Impact of Anthelmintic Treatment on Human Gut Microbiota Based on Cross-Sectional and Pre- and Postdeworming Comparisons in Western Kenya

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice V. Easton ◽  
Mariam Quiñones ◽  
Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin ◽  
Rita G. Oliveira ◽  
Stella Kepha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Average Fold Change ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Murine studies suggest that the presence of some species of intestinal helminths is associated with changes in host microbiota composition and diversity. However, studies in humans have produced varied conclusions, and the impact appears to vary widely depending on the helminth species present. To demonstrate how molecular approaches to the human gut microbiome can provide insights into the complex interplay among disparate organisms, DNA was extracted from cryopreserved stools collected from residents of 5 rural Kenyan villages prior to and 3 weeks and 3 months following albendazole (ALB) therapy. Samples were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for the presence of 8 species of intestinal parasites and by MiSeq 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on pretreatment results, the presence of neither Ascaris lumbricoides nor Necator americanus infection significantly altered the overall diversity of the microbiota in comparison with age-matched controls. Following ALB therapy and clearance of soil-transmitted helminths (STH), there were significant increases in the proportion of the microbiota made up by Clostridiales (P = 0.0002; average fold change, 0.57) and reductions in the proportion made up by Enterobacteriales (P = 0.0004; average fold change, −0.58). There was a significant posttreatment decrease in Chao1 richness, even among individuals who were uninfected pretreatment, suggesting that antimicrobial effects must be considered in any posttreatment setting. Nevertheless, the helminth-associated changes in Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales suggest that clearance of STH, and of N. americanus in particular, alters the gut microbiota. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome is an important factor in human health. It is affected by what we eat, what medicines we take, and what infections we acquire. In turn, it affects the way we absorb nutrients and whether we have excessive intestinal inflammation. Intestinal worms may have an important impact on the composition of the gut microbiome. Without a complete understanding of the impact of mass deworming programs on the microbiome, it is impossible to accurately calculate the cost-effectiveness of such public health interventions and to guard against any possible deleterious side effects. Our research examines this question in a “real-world” setting, using a longitudinal cohort, in which individuals with and without worm infections are treated with deworming medication and followed up at both three weeks and three months posttreatment. We quantify the impact of roundworms and hookworms on gut microbial composition, suggesting that the impact is small, but that treatment of hookworm infection results in significant changes. This work points to the need for follow-up studies to further examine the impact of hookworm on the gut microbiota and determine the health consequences of the observed changes.

scholarly journals Alteration of Gut Microbiome in Lung Cancer Patients- A Pilot Study 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Fang Yu ◽  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
Huan Zhou ◽  
Yinhui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Better understanding of factors and pathways involved in lung cancer is needed to improve diagnose and treatment strategies. Recent studies have provided insights into the possible correlation between intestinal dysbiosis and cancer development. Although the immunological relationship between gut and lung had been suggested by many researches, however, to date, no study had investigated the characterization of gut microbiome in treatment naïve lung cancer patients, whether it is distinct from that of health individuals and contribute to the onset and development of lung cancer remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether gut microbiome of lung cancer patients (LC, n=28) is altered compare with that of matched healthy individuals (HC, n=19) by high throughout sequencing of the V3-V4 regions of 16S rDNA in their fecal samples. We also identified microbiota signatures specific for different histological types of lung cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), adenocarcinoma (ADC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that the gut microbiome of lung cancer patients is characterized by decreased relative abundance of Prevotella, and increased bacteria groups such as Actinomyces, and Streptococcus, etc. We also detected an obvious structural shift in gut microbiome between ADC and SCLC patients. However, given the limited number of study cases, the association between microbial dysbiosis and lung cancer is not clearly understood, future studies involving larger cohorts and metagenomics, or metabolomics, may elucidate the correlations between gut microbiota and lung cancer development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document