scholarly journals Cannabis, schizophrenia genetic risk, and psychotic experiences: a cross-sectional study of 109,308 participants from the UK Biobank

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wainberg ◽  
Grace R. Jacobs ◽  
Marta di Forti ◽  
Shreejoy J. Tripathy
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Persecutory Delusions ◽  
Polygenic Risk

AbstractCannabis is known to produce acute, transient psychotic-like experiences. However, it is unclear whether cannabis disproportionately increases the risk of specific types of psychotic experiences and whether genetic predisposition influences the relationship between cannabis use and psychotic experiences. In this cross-sectional study of 109,308 UK Biobank participants, we examined how schizophrenia polygenic risk modulates the association between self-reported cannabis use and four types of self-reported psychotic experiences (auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, persecutory delusions, and delusions of reference). Cohort-wide, we found a strong, dose-dependent relationship between cannabis use and all four types of psychotic experiences, especially persecutory delusions. Cannabis users’ psychotic experiences tended to be earlier-onset and cause greater distress than non-users’, but were not more likely to lead to help-seeking. Participants with high schizophrenia polygenic risk scores showed stronger associations between cannabis use and auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, and delusions of reference, as well as psychotic experiences overall. For instance, cannabis ever-use was associated with 67% greater adjusted odds of delusions of reference among individuals in the top fifth of polygenic risk, but only 7% greater adjusted odds among the bottom fifth. Our results suggest that cannabis use is a predictive risk factor for psychotic experiences, including early-onset and distressing experiences. Individuals genetically predisposed to schizophrenia may be especially vulnerable to psychotic experiences as a result of using cannabis, supporting a long-postulated hypothesis. This study exemplifies the utility of population-scale biobanks for elucidating gene-by-environment interactions relating substance use to neuropsychiatric outcomes and points to the translational potential of using polygenic risk scores to inform personalized harm reduction interventions.

Cigarette smoking quit ratios among adults in the USA with cannabis use and cannabis use disorders, 2002–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Lauren R Pacek ◽  
Melanie M Wall ◽  
Misato Gbedemah ◽  
Joun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Cannabis Use Disorders

BackgroundThe prevalence of cigarette smoking is nearly three times higher among persons who use cannabis and have cannabis use disorders (CUDs), relative to those who do not. The current study examined cigarette quit ratios from 2002 to 2016 among US adults with and without cannabis use and CUDs.MethodsThe current study analysed US adults aged 18 years and older from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, an annual cross-sectional study. Quit ratios (ie, proportion of former smokers among ever-smokers) were calculated annually from 2002 to 2016. Time trends in quit ratios by cannabis use/CUDs were tested using logistic regression.ResultsIn 2016, the quit ratios for people with any cannabis use (23%) and CUDs (15%) were less than half the quit ratios of those without cannabis use and CUDs (51% and 48%, respectively). After controlling for demographics and substance use disorders, the quit ratio did not change from 2002 to 2016 among persons with CUD, though it non-linearly increased among persons with cannabis use, without cannabis use and without CUDs. Quit ratios increased more rapidly among those who reported past-month cannabis use compared with those without past-month cannabis use.ConclusionsCigarette smoking quit ratios remain dramatically lower among people who use cannabis and have CUDs and quit ratios did not change significantly from 2002 to 2016 among those with CUDs. Public health and clinical attention are needed to increase quit ratios and reduce harmful cigarette smoking consequences for persons with cannabis use and CUDs.

scholarly journals Cannabis and cognitive performance in psychosis: a cross-sectional study in patients with non-affective psychotic illness and their unaffected siblings

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Meijer ◽  
N. Dekker ◽  
M. W. Koeter ◽  
P. J. Quee ◽  
N. J. M. van Beveren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge Reasoning

BackgroundThe relationship between cannabis use and cognitive functioning in patients with psychosis has yielded contradictory findings. In individuals at genetic high risk for psychosis, information is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the association between recency and frequency of cannabis use and cognitive functioning in patients with psychosis and their unaffected siblings.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 956 patients with non-affective psychosis, 953 unaffected siblings, and 554 control subjects. Participants completed a cognitive test battery including assessments of verbal learning, set shifting, sustained attention, processing speed, working memory, acquired knowledge, reasoning and problem solving and social cognition. Cannabis use was assessed by urinalysis and by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Using random-effect regression models the main effects of cannabis (recency and frequency) and the interaction with status (patient, sibling, control) on cognitive functioning were assessed.ResultsCurrent cannabis use was associated with poorer performance on immediate verbal learning, processing speed and working memory (Cohen's d −0.20 to −0.33, p<0.005). Lifetime cannabis use was associated with better performance on acquired knowledge, facial affect recognition and face identity recognition (Cohen's d+0.17 to +0.33, p<0.005). There was no significant interaction between cannabis and status on cognitive functioning.ConclusionsLifetime cannabis-using individuals might constitute a subgroup with a higher cognitive potential. The residual effects of cannabis may impair short-term memory and processing speed.

scholarly journals Recent cannabis use and myocardial infarction in young adults: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (35) ◽  
pp. E1377-E1384
Author(s):  
Karim S. Ladha ◽  
Nikhil Mistry ◽  
Duminda N. Wijeysundera ◽  
Hance Clarke ◽  
Subodh Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Scores in Axial Spondyloarthritis Versus the General Population: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.200188
Author(s):  
Jean W. Liew ◽  
John D. Reveille ◽  
Maria Castillo ◽  
Henna Sawhney ◽  
Benjamin S. Naovarat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ascvd Risk

Objective Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality are increased in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating the 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in axSpA compared to the general US population. Methods We included 211 adults, 40–75 years old with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) or nonradiographic axSpA from 2 sites, who had available data on comorbidities, medication use, blood pressure measures, and laboratory cholesterol values. General population comparators from the 2009–2014 National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles were matched 4:1 to subjects, on age, sex, and race. We estimated the prevalence ratio for a 10-year ASCVD risk score ≥ 7.5% comparing axSpA and matched NHANES comparators using conditional Poisson regression. Results Overall, subjects were 53.9 ± 11.2 years old, 69% were male, and 74% were White. The mean 10-year ASCVD risk score was 6.7 ± 6.9% for those with axSpA, and 9.0 ± 10.5% for NHANES comparators. Compared to those with axSpA, the prevalence of current smoking and diabetes was higher among NHANES comparators. The estimated prevalence ratio for a 10-year ASCVD risk score ≥ 7.5% comparing those with axSpA and their age-, sex-, and race-matched comparators was 0.96 (95% CI 0.74–1.24). Conclusion The prevalence of a 10-year ASCVD risk score ≥ 7.5% was not significantly different comparing axSpA patients and those drawn from the general population who were similar in terms of age, sex, and race. Future studies should focus on improved CV risk prediction in axSpA, because underestimation by a general population risk score may potentially explain these results.

scholarly journals Improving the existing cardiovascular risk scoring systems for better prediction in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without coronary artery disease: A cross sectional study

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-457
Author(s):  
Arpita Chakraborty ◽  
M.Mukhyaprana Prabhu ◽  
Weena Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes

Introduction and Aim:Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)and Framingham score (FRS) are two important scores used for the prediction of coronary events in an individual.Both of these scores do not account for certain known predisposing factors such as BMI, duration of diabetes, LDL cholesterol and glycemic index levels among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. So, this study aims to assess whether addition of any of these important risk factors might help in improving these scoring systems in T2DM patients. Methodology: Our study is a cross-sectional study which included 320 T2DM patients without CAD and 120 T2DM patients with CAD. Duration of T2DM, BMI, glycated hemoglobin and fasting lipid profile values of the T2DM patients were recorded from the Laboratory information system. Results: IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 16 version was used for statistical analysis. T2DM patients with CAD had more years of duration of T2DM than the patients without CAD and a significant association was found (p=.045*). A strong significant positive correlation was observed between FRS score and duration of T2DM in diabetic patients with CAD (r=.331, p=<.0001*). Conclusion:Our observations imply that inclusion of important parameter such as duration of T2DM might improve in better calculation of these risk scores in T2DM patients. Future studies are needed to assess the performance of existing risk scores by including important parameter such as duration of diabetes which might help in improving these scoring systems in T2DM patients.

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