scholarly journals DUSP6 expression is associated with osteoporosis through the regulation of osteoclast differentiation via ERK2/Smad2 signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boya Zhang ◽  
Putao Yuan ◽  
Guang Xu ◽  
Zhijun Chen ◽  
Zhifei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Small Interference Rna ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Study Gene Expression

AbstractOsteoporosis-related fractures, such as femoral neck and vertebral fractures, are common in aged people, resulting in increased disability rate and health-care costs. Thus, it is of great importance to clarify the mechanism of osteoclast-related osteoporosis and find effective ways to avoid its complication. In this study, gene expression profile analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that DUSP6 expression was suppressed in human and mice osteoporosis cases. In vitro experiments confirmed that DUSP6 overexpression prevented osteoclastogenesis, whereas inhibition of DUSP6 by small interference RNA or with a chemical inhibitor, (E/Z)-BCI, had the opposite effect. (E/Z)-BCl significantly accelerated the bone loss process in vivo by enhancing osteoclastogenesis. Bioinformatics analyses and in vitro experiments indicated that miR-181a was an upstream regulator of DUSP6. Moreover, miR-181a positively induced the differentiation and negatively regulated the apoptosis of osteoclasts via DUSP6. Furthermore, downstream signals by ERK2 and SMAD2 were also found to be involved in this process. Evaluation of ERK2-deficiency bone marrow-derived macrophages confirmed the role of ERK2 signaling in the DUSP6-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that DUSP6 directly modified the phosphorylation status of SMAD2 and the subsequent nuclear transportation of NFATC1 to regulate osteoclast differentiation. Altogether, this study demonstrated for the first time the role of miRNA-181a/DUSP6 in the progression of osteoporosis via the ERK2 and SMAD2 signaling pathway. Hence, DUSP6 may represent a novel target for the treatment of osteoclast-related diseases in the future.

scholarly journals Trophectoderm-Specific Knockdown of LIN28 Decreases Expression of Genes Necessary for Cell Proliferation and Reduces Elongation of Sheep Conceptus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Ali ◽  
Mark Stenglein ◽  
Thomas Spencer ◽  
Gerrit Bouma ◽  
Russell Anthony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Trophectoderm Cells ◽  
Successful Establishment

LIN28 inhibits let-7 miRNA maturation which prevents cell differentiation and promotes proliferation. We hypothesized that the LIN28-let-7 axis regulates proliferation-associated genes in sheep trophectoderm in vivo. Day 9-hatched sheep blastocysts were incubated with lentiviral particles to deliver shRNA targeting LIN28 specifically to trophectoderm cells. At day 16, conceptus elongation was significantly reduced in LIN28A and LIN28B knockdowns. Let-7 miRNAs were significantly increased and IGF2BP1-3, HMGA1, ARID3B, and c-MYC were decreased in trophectoderm from knockdown conceptuses. Ovine trophoblast (OTR) cells derived from day 16 trophectoderm are a useful tool for in vitro experiments. Surprisingly, LIN28 was significantly reduced and let-7 miRNAs increased after only a few passages of OTR cells, suggesting these passaged cells represent a more differentiated phenotype. To create an OTR cell line more similar to day 16 trophectoderm we overexpressed LIN28A and LIN28B, which significantly decreased let-7 miRNAs and increased IGF2BP1-3, HMGA1, ARID3B, and c-MYC compared to control. This is the first study showing the role of the LIN28-let-7 axis in trophoblast proliferation and conceptus elongation in vivo. These results suggest that reduced LIN28 during early placental development can lead to reduced trophoblast proliferation and sheep conceptus elongation at a critical period for successful establishment of pregnancy.

Role of Activated Platelets in the Homing, Maturation, and Differentiation of Endotheleal Progenitor Cells (EPCs) to Vascular Subendotheleal Matrix.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3938-3938
Author(s):  
Eli I. Lev ◽  
Jing-fei Dong ◽  
Marcin Bujak ◽  
Khatira Aboulfatova ◽  
Neal S. Kleiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

Abstract We and others have found that platelets play an important role in the recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells to sights of vascular injury. However, it is not clear whether the EPCs mature and differentiate to endothelial cells following recruitment to the vascular injury sites. In addition, there is limited in vivo data to support the role of EPCs in re-endothlialization following vascular injury. We conducted in vitro experiments to investigate the maturation of EPCs on platelet based-media and in vivo experiments to evaluate the recruitment of EPCs following vascular injury. In in vitro experiments human EPCs were isolated from donated buffy coats by magnetic microbeads and flow cytometry cell sorting using CD133 and VEGFR-2, respectively, as cell markers. Isolated viable EPCs (CD133+, VEGFR-2+ cells) were plated on human fibronectin or a monolayer of washed human platelets. Cell colonies were counted 7 days after plating and stained for the endothelial cell markers CD31 (PECAM-1) and CD144 (VE-cadherin). The mean number of colony-forming cells was 35±2.6 colonies/106 cells on platelets, which was significantly higher than 18±4.2 colonies/106 cells on fibronectin (n = 4, P<0.01). Apart from the difference in colony numbers, the EPC colonies grew faster on the platelet substrate, were larger, and had more spindle-shaped cells (Figure 1 - staining of EPC colonies for CD31 and CD144). In the in vivo experiments a model of transluminal injury to mouse femoral arteries was used. Femoral artery denudation was performed by 0.25-mm-diameter angioplasty guidewire. Injured femoral arteries were compared to the contra-lateral controls (uninjured), and were harvested 1.5 hours following the injury and immunostaining performed with an anti-VEGFR-2 antibody. Four experiments showed a markedly higher number of VEGFR-2+ cells in the artery that has undergone denudation. These experiments indicate that a media composed of platelets promotes the maturation and differentiation of EPCs. Furthermore, in vivo, EPCs are recruited early following vascular injury. Thus, homing, maturation, and differentiation of EPCs are mediated by platelets.

Inhibin-like activity in Sertoli cell culture media and testicular homogenates from rats of various ages

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ultee-van Gessel ◽  
F. H. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Lh Secretion

ABSTRACT The influence of age on testicular inhibin in untreated, neonatally hemicastrated and prenatally irradiated rats was studied using in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. In testicular cytosols prepared from 1-, 7-, 14-, 21-, 42- and 63-day-old rats concentrations of testicular inhibin could be measured with an in-vitro bioassay method using dispersed pituitary cells. Preparations of testicular cytosols caused a dose-dependent suppression of pituitary FSH secretion, whereas no effects were found on LH secretion. Testicular content of inhibin increased gradually with age, while after 14 days of age a relatively large increase of peripheral FSH concentrations occurred in all experimental groups. Neonatal hemicastration or prenatal irradiation resulted in decreased inhibin content of the testis and increased plasma FSH levels. The production of inhibin activity by Sertoli cells obtained from 7-, 14-, 21-, 42- and 63-day-old normal rats was measured during a 24-h incubation period on the third day of culture. The inhibin production per 106 plated Sertoli cells decreased rapidly after 14 days of age and the lowest production of inhibin was found in Sertoli cells from rats of 63 days of age. After preincubation with ovine FSH significantly larger amounts of inhibin activity were detected in spent media from 21-day-old rat testes. In contrast, suppression of inhibin production was found after preculture in the presence of testosterone at most of the ages studied. These data from in-vivo and in-vitro experiments indicate that a reciprocal relationship exists between pituitary FSH secretion and inhibin production before the age of 21 days. This relationship supports the concept that inhibin is a physiologically important modulator of FSH secretion before puberty, while the role of the large amount of testicular inhibin present at the older ages remains to be determined. J. Endocr. (1987) 113, 103–110

scholarly journals MAZ-LINC00645-GP73 Axis Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proliferation and Metastasis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Chen ◽  
Huiyan Li ◽  
Chunxun Liu ◽  
Yongmei Han ◽  
Yubao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Chip Assay ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses

Abstract BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been shown to play important roles in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this report, we examined the role of lncRNA LINC00645 in HCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on public databases and integrating bioinformatics analyses, the over-expression of LINC00645 in HCC tissues was detected and further validated in a cohort of liver tissues. A series of in vitro and in vivo functional experiments were executed to investigate the role of LINC00645 in the carcinogenesis and development of HCC. Comprehensive transcriptional analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay and western blot etc. were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of LINC00645. RESULTS: LINC00645 was significantly upregulated in HCC cell lines and HCC tissues, which was correlated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. LINC00645 knockdown remarkably suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, LINC00645 could competitively bind with miR-141-3p to prevent the degradation of its target gene GP73, which acts as a tumor-promoter in HCC. Furthermore, the ChIP assay showed that the transcription factor MAZ could bind to the LINC00645 promoter and increase its transcription. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, this study demonstrated that LINC00645 plays a critical regulatory role in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and LINC00645 may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target of HCC. Thus, targeting MAZ/LINC00645/miR-141-3p/GP73 signaling axis may prevent the progression of HCC.

scholarly journals Complex role of NK cells in regulation of oncolytic virus–bortezomib therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (19) ◽  
pp. 4927-4932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangjin Kim ◽  
Ji Young Yoo ◽  
Tae Jin Lee ◽  
Joseph Liu ◽  
Jianhua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitor ◽  
Oncolytic Virus ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Hematological Cancers

In the present work, we investigated the role of natural killer (NK) cells in combination therapy with oncolytic virus (OV) and bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor. NK cells display rapid and potent immunity to metastatic and hematological cancers, and they overcome immunosuppressive effects of tumor microenvironment. We developed a mathematical model to address the question of how the density of NK cells affects the growth of the tumor. We found that the antitumor efficacy increases when the endogenous NKs are depleted and also when exogenous NK cells are injected into the tumor. These predictions were validated by our in vivo and in vitro experiments.

scholarly journals Anti–IL-20 monoclonal antibody inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts and protects against osteoporotic bone loss

2011 ◽  
Vol 208 (9) ◽  
pp. 1849-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Hsu ◽  
Wei-Yu Chen ◽  
Chien-Hui Chan ◽  
Chih-Hsing Wu ◽  
Zih-Jie Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Osteoporotic Bone ◽  
Mineral Density

IL-20 is a proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-10 family that is involved in psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and stroke. However, little is known about the role of IL-20 in bone destruction. We explored the function of IL-20 in osteoclastogenesis and the therapeutic potential of anti–IL-20 monoclonal antibody 7E for treating osteoporosis. Higher serum IL-20 levels were detected in patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis and in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. IL-20 mediates osteoclastogenesis by up-regulating the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) expression in osteoclast precursor cells and RANK ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts. 7E treatment completely inhibited osteoclast differentiation induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and RANKL in vitro and protected mice from OVX-induced bone loss in vivo. Furthermore, IL-20R1–deficient mice had significantly higher bone mineral density (BMD) than did wild-type controls. IL-20R1 deficiency also abolished IL-20–induced osteoclastogenesis and increased BMD in OVX mice. We have identified a pivotal role of IL-20 in osteoclast differentiation, and we conclude that anti–IL-20 monoclonal antibody is a potential therapeutic for protecting against osteoporotic bone loss.

Melanophore β-adrenoceptors in patterning in a flatfish, Pseudopleuronectes americanus

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solution ◽  
Winter Flounder ◽  
Dark Band ◽  
Pigment Dispersion ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Pseudopleuronectes Americanus ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonists

In vitro experiments were performed on melanophores bourne on scale slips sampled from three major areas (general background, dark band, and white spot) of the integumentary pattern of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum, 1792). The effects of the respective β1- and β2-adrenoceptor agonists dobutamine and terbutaline and antagonists atenolol and ICI 118551 on pattern-related melanosome aggregation in response to exogenously applied L-noradrenaline were determined, as well as their effects on melanosome dispersion in balanced salt solution. The results demonstrate β1-adrenoceptor mediation in flatfish melanosome dispersion, with pattern-related variation, and also provide further evidence for β2-subtype involvement. Based on mammalian physiology, two β-subtypes will facilitate melanophore responsiveness to both neural and circulatory catecholamines. The in vivo role of these β-subtypes is discussed in relation to previously described attributes of the patterning behaviour of this species, which incorporates balances between α- and β-adrenoceptors. Dark band melanophores display a β-adrenoceptor bias, in contrast with other areas of the pattern, which would be consistent with their capacity for pigment dispersion in stressed flounders and with the slow paling of these bands during background-related responses.

scholarly journals Autoamplification of NFATc1 expression determines its essential role in bone homeostasis

2005 ◽  
Vol 202 (9) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Asagiri ◽  
Kojiro Sato ◽  
Takako Usami ◽  
Sae Ochi ◽  
Hiroshi Nishina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Vitro Effect

NFATc1 and NFATc2 are functionally redundant in the immune system, but it was suggested that NFATc1 is required exclusively for differentiation of osteoclasts in the skeletal system. Here we provide genetic evidence that NFATc1 is essential for osteoclast differentiation in vivo by adoptive transfer of NFATc1−/− hematopoietic stem cells to osteoclast-deficient Fos−/− mice, and by Fos−/− blastocyst complementation, thus avoiding the embryonic lethality of NFATc1−/− mice. However, in vitro osteoclastogenesis in NFATc1-deficient cells was rescued by ectopic expression of NFATc2. The discrepancy between the in vivo essential role of NFATc1 and the in vitro effect of NFATc2 was attributed to selective autoregulation of the NFATc1 gene by NFAT through its promoter region. This suggested that an epigenetic mechanism contributes to the essential function of NFATc1 in cell lineage commitment. Thus, this study establishes that NFATc1 represents a potential therapeutic target for bone disease and reveals a mechanism that underlies the essential role of NFATc1 in bone homeostasis.

scholarly journals GORASPs link Golgi cisternae laterally to stabilize the rims and prevent vesiculation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne Grond ◽  
Tineke Veenendaal ◽  
Juan Duran ◽  
Ishier Raote ◽  
Sebastiaan Corstjens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Vesicle Fusion ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Support

AbstractIn vitro experiments have shown GRASP65 (GORASP1) and GRASP55 (GORASP2) proteins function in stacking Golgi cisternae. However, in vivo depletion of GORASPs in metazoans have given equivocal results. We have generated a mouse lacking both GORASPs and find that Golgi cisternae remained stacked. However, the stacks are disconnected laterally from each other and the cisternal cross-sectional diameters are significantly reduced compared to their normal counterparts. These data support earlier findings on the role of GORASPs in linking stacks and we suggest that unlinking of stacks affects dynamic control of COPI budding and vesicle fusion at the rims. The net result is that cisternal cores remain stacked, but cisternal diameter is reduced by rim consumption.

Role of progesterone in embryo development in cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Lonergan ◽  
Niamh Forde ◽  
Thomas Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Conceptus Development

Progesterone (P4) from the corpus luteum is critical for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and plays a major role in regulating endometrial secretions essential for stimulating and mediating changes in conceptus growth and differentiation throughout early pregnancy in ruminants. Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between elevated systemic P4 and acceleration in conceptus elongation. A combination of in vivo and in vitro experiments found that the effects of P4 on conceptus elongation are indirect and mediated through P4-induced effects in the endometrium. Despite effects on elongation, data on the effects of post-insemination supplementation with P4 on pregnancy rates are conflicting. This review highlights the effects of P4 on conceptus development and examines strategies that have been undertaken to manipulate P4 concentrations to increase fertility.

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