Development of a mugineic acid family phytosiderophore analog as an iron fertilizer

AbstractIron (Fe) is an essential nutrient, but is poorly bioavailable because of its low solubility in alkaline soils; this leads to reduced agricultural productivity. To overcome this problem, we first showed that the soil application of synthetic 2′-deoxymugineic acid, a natural phytosiderophore from the Poaceae, can recover Fe deficiency in rice grown in calcareous soil. However, the high cost and poor stability of synthetic 2′-deoxymugineic acid preclude its agricultural use. In this work, we develop a more stable and less expensive analog, proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid, and demonstrate its practical synthesis and transport of its Fe-chelated form across the plasma membrane by Fe(III)•2’-deoxymugineic acid transporters. Possibility of its use as an iron fertilizer on alkaline soils is supported by promotion of rice growth in a calcareous soil by soil application of metal free proline-2’-deoxymugineic acid.

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The Use of Micro- and Nanocarriers for Resveratrol Delivery into and across the Skin in Different Skin Diseases—A Literature Review

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13040451 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Beata Szulc-Musioł ◽

Beata Sarecka-Hujar

Keyword(s):

Transdermal Delivery ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Skin Surface ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Skin Abnormalities ◽

Low Solubility ◽

Active Substances ◽

Poor Stability

In recent years, polyphenols have been extensively studied due to their antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown that anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols play an important role in the prevention of bacterial infections, as well as vascular or skin diseases. Particularly, resveratrol, as a multi-potent agent, may prevent or mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. As the largest organ of the human body, skin is an extremely desirable target for the possible delivery of active substances. The transdermal route of administration of active compounds shows many advantages, including avoidance of gastrointestinal irritation and the first-pass effect. Moreover, it is non-invasive and can be self-administered. However, this delivery is limited, mainly due to the need to overpassing the stratum corneum, the possible decomposition of the substances in contact with the skin surface or in the deeper layers thereof. In addition, using resveratrol for topical and transdermal delivery faces the problems of its low solubility and poor stability. To overcome this, novel systems of delivery are being developed for the effective transport of resveratrol across the skin. Carriers in the micro and nano size were demonstrated to be more efficient for safe and faster topical and transdermal delivery of active substances. The present review aimed to discuss the role of resveratrol in the treatment of skin abnormalities with a special emphasis on technologies enhancing transdermal delivery of resveratrol.

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Solubility of twelve iron fertilizer products in alkaline soils

Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis ◽

10.1081/css-120000286 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 (13-14) ◽

pp. 2317-2323 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

R. J. Goos ◽

Stephanie Germain

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Soils ◽

Iron Fertilizer

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Management of Iron Deficiency Stress in Citrus through Soil Application of Vivianite to a Calcareous Soil

International Journal of Botany ◽

10.3923/ijb.2009.186.189 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 186-189

Author(s):

Tarek G. Ammari ◽

Alaeddin B. Tahboub ◽

Taleb R. Abu-Zahra

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Calcareous Soil ◽

Soil Application

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A short practical synthesis of 2′-deoxymugineic acid

Tetrahedron Letters ◽

10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.01.030 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1419-1421 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Satendra Singh ◽

George Crossley ◽

Saswati Ghosal ◽

Yann Lefievre ◽

Michael W. Pennington

Keyword(s):

Deoxymugineic Acid ◽

Practical Synthesis

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Effect of polyolefin resin coated slow release iron fertilizer and its methods of application on rice production in calcareous soil

Soil Science & Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/00380768.2004.10408571 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 1037-1042 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K. Singh ◽

H.C. Sharma ◽

C.S. Singh ◽

Y. Singh ◽

N.K. Nishizawa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcareous Soil ◽

Slow Release ◽

Rice Production ◽

Methods Of Application ◽

Iron Fertilizer

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Synthetic Phytosiderophore, Proline-2′-Deoxymugineic Acid, is Efficiently Utilized by Dicots

10.21203/rs.3.rs-721339/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daisei Ueno ◽

Yuta Ito ◽

Miho Ohnishi ◽

Chikahiro Miyake ◽

Takayuki Sohtome ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcareous Soil ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Fe Deficiency ◽

Similar Extent ◽

Psii Activity ◽

Deoxymugineic Acid ◽

Hydroponic Cultures ◽

Cucumber Roots ◽

Inducible Genes ◽

Lower Expression

Abstract Purpose: Phytosiderophores (PS) from grasses solubilize sparingly soluble iron (Fe), and the resultant PS-Fe is an Fe source, even for dicots. Recently, the synthetic PS proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) has been developed as a moderately biodegradable Fe fertilizer for grasses. We aimed to investigate whether PDMA-Fe is also a good Fe source for dicots.Methods: The availability of PDMA-Fe to cucumber was evaluated in calcareous soil and hydroponic cultures under pH 7.0–9.0 by determining chlorophyll concentration, PSII activity, and Fe uptake. EDDHA-Fe, EDTA-Fe, and citrate-Fe were used as controls. The reducibility of Fe chelates by roots was measured to determine the mechanism underlying differences in availability. Expressions of Fe deficiency-inducible genes (CsFRO1 and CsIRT1) were analyzed to estimate the Fe status in plants. Results: Application of PDMA-Fe and EDDHA-Fe to calcareous soil reduced Fe-deficient chlorosis to a similar extent; however, shoot Fe concentration was higher in the PDMA-Fe treatment. In the hydroponic culture, PDMA-Fe had higher availability than the other chelates at every pH, which was confirmed by higher PSII activity and lower expression of Fe deficiency-inducible genes. The reducibility assay revealed that the reduction level of PDMA-Fe was greater than that of EDTA-Fe and citrate-Fe under alkaline pH.Conclusion: PDMA-Fe is utilized by cucumber roots more efficiently than traditional synthetic chelates in both calcareous soil and hydroponic cultures. The higher availability of PDMA-Fe may be attributed to its higher reducibility. Our findings suggest that PDMA-Fe could be a good Fe fertilizer for dicots.

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The fate of manganese sulphate in alkaline soils

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600048334 ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 18-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. L. Wain ◽

B. J. Silk ◽

B. C. Wills

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Calcareous Soil ◽

Manganese Content ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Matter Content ◽

Alkaline Soil ◽

Alkaline Soils ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Manganese Sulphate

1. Experiments have been made to determine the effect of treating alkaline soils with manganese sulphate on the quantities of manganese which can be extracted by N-ammonium acetate.2. Two soils of known total and ‘extractable’ manganese content were treated with manganese sulphate solution in the laboratory and re-analysed after definite time intervals. In the first of these, a calcareous soil from the College Farm, the extractable manganese decreased for 14 days after treatment, after which time manganese was again liberated, presumably due to a waterlogging effect. The extractable manganese in the second soil, a slightly alkaline soil with a high organic matter content, increased appreciably after treatment and remained at this level for the duration of the experiment.3. An experiment conducted in the field on a highly calcareous soil showed that the extractable manganese content down to a depth of 12 in., had fallen to its original level only 7 days after treatment. This behaviour is in agreement with the observations of other workers that there is little residual effect from manganese sulphate treatment for subsequent crops. The desirability of performing similar experiments on other soils is suggested.4. The effect of waterlogging and steam sterilization was to increase the quantities of extractable manganese in the soils examined.The authors wish to express their grateful thanks to Mr B. S. Furneaux, M.Sc, for the descriptions of the soils investigated, and to Dr N. H. Pizer for his valuable suggestions in the preparation of this paper. They are also indebted to Mr J. Hargrave of the Agricultural Institute, Kirton, Lines, for providing the Bourne Fen soil, and to Mr J. Tinsley, B.Sc., for pH and organic matter determinations.

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EFFECT OF ALKALINE POTASSIUM AND SODIUM SALTS ON GROWTH, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, IONS ABSORPTION AND SOLUTES SYNTHESIS OF WHEAT SEEDLINGS

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479713000458 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 144-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

XIAOYU LI ◽

CHUNSHENG MU ◽

JIXIANG LIN ◽

YING WANG ◽

XIUJUN LI

Keyword(s):

Soluble Sugar ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Alkaline Condition ◽

Potassium Ions ◽

Alkaline Soils ◽

Potassium Salts ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Sodium Salts ◽

Essential Nutrient

SUMMARYPotassium (K) is an essential nutrient and abundant cation in plant cells. The application of K+ could alleviate abiotic stress. However, it was reported that the alleviation of K+ on salt-stressed plants only happened when K+ concentration was low. Most studies were focused on effects of sodium salts on plants in salty soils, and little information was reported about potassium salts, especially a higher level of potassium in alkaline salts. To explore the effects of K+ in alkaline salts on plant growth, and whether it had a same destructive impact as Na+, we mixed two alkaline sodium salts (ASS) (NaHCO3:Na2CO3 = 9:1) and two alkaline potassium salts (APS) (KHCO3:K2CO3 = 9:1) to treat 10-day-old wheat seedlings. Effects of ASS and APS on growth, photosynthesis, ions absorption and solutes accumulation were compared. Results indicated that effects of potassium salts in soil on plants growth were related to K+ concentration. Both growth and photosynthesis of wheat seedlings decreased, and the reduction was higher in APS treatment than in ASS treatment at 40 mM alkalinity. ASS treatment absorbed Na+, competing with K+ and free Ca2+, and inhibited the absorption of inorganic anions. APS treatments accumulated K+ and reduced the absorption of anions, with no competition with other cations. Both APS and ASS treatments promoted free Mg2+ accumulation and inhibited H2PO4−uptake. The reduction of H2PO4− promoted organic acid synthesis indirectly. Soluble sugar and proline accumulation were also related to the alkaline condition and extra K+ addition. In conclusion, excess potassium ions in soil, especially in alkaline soils, were harmful to plants. APS was another severe salt stress, intensity of which was higher than ASS. The growth and physiological response mechanisms of wheat seedlings to APS were similar to ASS. Both inorganic ions and organic solutes took part in the osmotic adjustment. Differences for APS depended on K+, but ASS on Na+.

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