scholarly journals The Use of Micro- and Nanocarriers for Resveratrol Delivery into and across the Skin in Different Skin Diseases—A Literature Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Beata Szulc-Musioł ◽  
Beata Sarecka-Hujar
Keyword(s):  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Skin Abnormalities ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Poor Stability

In recent years, polyphenols have been extensively studied due to their antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been shown that anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols play an important role in the prevention of bacterial infections, as well as vascular or skin diseases. Particularly, resveratrol, as a multi-potent agent, may prevent or mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. As the largest organ of the human body, skin is an extremely desirable target for the possible delivery of active substances. The transdermal route of administration of active compounds shows many advantages, including avoidance of gastrointestinal irritation and the first-pass effect. Moreover, it is non-invasive and can be self-administered. However, this delivery is limited, mainly due to the need to overpassing the stratum corneum, the possible decomposition of the substances in contact with the skin surface or in the deeper layers thereof. In addition, using resveratrol for topical and transdermal delivery faces the problems of its low solubility and poor stability. To overcome this, novel systems of delivery are being developed for the effective transport of resveratrol across the skin. Carriers in the micro and nano size were demonstrated to be more efficient for safe and faster topical and transdermal delivery of active substances. The present review aimed to discuss the role of resveratrol in the treatment of skin abnormalities with a special emphasis on technologies enhancing transdermal delivery of resveratrol.

scholarly journals Expression of drug transporters in the human skin: comparison in different species and models and its implication for drug development

ADMET & DMPK ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Osman-Ponchet ◽  
Alexandre Gaborit ◽  
Jean-Michel Linget ◽  
Claire E. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Drug Absorption ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Drug Transporters ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Novel Targets

<p class="ADMETabstracttext">It is clear that many drug transporters (both ABCs and SLCs) are present in the human skin. Different in vitro skin models can be used to investigate the role of drug transporters in the skin despite quantitative differences in expression profile across species. P-gp was shown to have an important influence on transdermal drug absorption in the skin and to function in “absorptive” transport, carrying substrate drugs from the skin surface to the dermis. This observation might be used to modulate drug distribution inside the skin. If drugs can be retained in the epidermis compartment by inhibition of the transporters, such property of the drug would be beneficial for treatment of dermatological diseases. Therefore, it might be feasible to control transdermal delivery of drugs to specific locations in the skin, by modulating the function of the transporters in the skin. We are at the dawn of an exciting period where drug transporters might be novel targets for improvement of drug delivery to the skin and for pharmacological intervention.</p>

scholarly journals SKIN SURFACE CHEMISTRY AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR SKIN DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqaa Samir Esmail
Keyword(s):  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Sense Organ ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Face

The skin is the biggest sense organ in the body, with a surface area of 1.7m2 in adults. Because standard histological procedures influence skin components, several dermatological research has had little effectiveness in showing skin function. The structure of each skin layer may now be visualised non-invasively thanks to recent advances in non-invasive optical imaging. Individual skin components, on the other hand, remain difficult to identify. Understanding skin's chemical and physical features helps the cosmetics sector create deodorant, lipstick, and moisturizers. In addition, PH regulates the activation of proteases linked to the formation of chronic wounds and impacts skin barrier functions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive optical imaging innovation that creates high-resolution photos of the face and cross-areas of the skin. While OCT has a lot of potentials, many dermatologists are unfamiliar with it. This article aims to give professional dermatologists a basic grasp of skin OCT concepts and clinical applications.

ROLE OF DERMATOSCOPY IN CHRONIC DERMATOSES DIAGNOSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
G. S. Chekhovska
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Vascular Structures

Dermatoscopy is a valuable auxiliary non−invasive method used in the diagnosis of inflammatory, parasitic and viral skin diseases. Treatment of dermatoses is based on the results of analysis of melanin, follicular−horny and vascular components. Diagnosis begins with polarized dermatoscopy and then progresses to non−polarized using immersion fluid. At dermatoscopic inspection of a psoriatic plaque the point vessels evenly distributed along all the surface (a symptom of "scattered red pepper") are noted. Eczema is characterized by focal accumulation of blood vessels in the form of dots, peeling, yellowish crusts. Examination of discoid lupus erythematosus foci often reveals individual linear or branched vessels, their location is random. Red herpes zoster is dermatoscopically characterized by vascular structures in the form of large granular horny plugs of whitish color with a pearly sheen. The most informative is dermatoscopy in the differential diagnosis of erythematous form of rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis. On the erythematous background, dilated vessels around the sebaceous hair follicles, large vascular polygons formed from vessels thicker than in healthy skin and seborrheic dermatitis are found. At inspection of the fresh centers of a sclero−atrophic lichen diffuse unstructured zones of white color with a peripheral erythematous corolla and with numerous light comedic structures on a surface are visualized. At dermatoscopy of the Little − Lassueur syndrome in follicular papules on skin gray, violet points located in the form of a circle are noted. Dermatoscopy is increasingly used in dermatology, especially in the differential diagnosis of dermatoses of inflammatory and parasitic nature.

scholarly journals Management of pain using transdermal patches

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leya Meriam Mathews
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Transdermal Patches ◽  
Adhesive Patch ◽  
Antianginal Drugs

Transdermal delivery is a non-invasive route of   drug administration through the skin surface that can deliver the drug at a predetermined rate across the dermis to achieve a local or systemic effect. It  is  potentially used as an alternative to oral route of drugs and hypodermic injections. Analgesics are mostly used for various diseases as most of them are associated with severe or mild pain .The use of analgesics as a pain relief patch is now being used commonly. A transdermal analgesic or pain relief patch is a medicated adhesive patch used to relieve minor to severe pain. Currently, the patches are available for many Opioids , Non opioids analgesics. Local anesthetics  and antianginal drugs. The drugs include Fentanyl, Buprenorphine ketoprofen, diclofenacepolamine , piroxicam , Capsaicin ,Nitroglycerine  and Lignocaine . They are available as both matrix and reservoir patches. This review explores the various drugs used to manage pain and their route of administration in terms of frequency, complications and effects   

scholarly journals Saliva Proteomics as Fluid Signature of Inflammatory and Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7018
Author(s):  
Anna Campanati ◽  
Emanuela Martina ◽  
Federico Diotallevi ◽  
Giulia Radi ◽  
Andrea Marani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Saliva Analysis ◽  
Whole Saliva

Saliva is easy to access, non-invasive and a useful source of information useful for the diagnosis of serval inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases. Following the advent of genomic technologies and -omic research, studies based on saliva testing have rapidly increased and human salivary proteome has been partially characterized. As a proteomic protocol to analyze the whole saliva proteome is not currently available, the most common aim of the proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions. The salivary proteome has been initially investigated in several diseases: oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia, chronic graft-versus-host disease, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Otherwise, salivary proteomics studies in the dermatological field are still in the initial phase, thus the aim of this review is to collect the best research evidence on the role of saliva proteomics analysis in immune-mediated skin diseases to understand the direction of research in this field. The results of PRISMA analysis reported herein suggest that human saliva analysis could provide significant data for the diagnosis and prognosis of several immune-mediated and inflammatory skin diseases in the next future.

scholarly journals Non-invasive human skin transcriptome analysis using mRNA in skin surface lipids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Inoue ◽  
Tetsuya Kuwano ◽  
Yuya Uehara ◽  
Michiko Yano ◽  
Naoki Oya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Sebaceous Glands ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Skin Physiology ◽  
Surface Lipids ◽  
Skin Surface Lipids

Non-invasive acquisition of mRNA data from the skin would be extremely useful for understanding skin physiology and diseases. Inspired by the holocrine process, in which the sebaceous glands secrete cell contents into the sebum, we focused on the possible presence of mRNAs in skin surface lipids (SSLs). We found that measurable human mRNAs exist in SSLs, where sebum protects them from degradation by RNases. The AmpliSeq transcriptome analysis was modified to measure SSL-RNAs, and our results revealed that SSL-RNAs predominantly contained mRNAs derived from sebaceous glands, epidermis, and hair follicles. Analysis of SSL-RNAs non-invasively collected from patients with atopic dermatitis revealed significantly increased expression of inflammation-related genes and decreased expression of terminal differentiation-related genes, consistent with the results of previous reports. Further, we found that lipid synthesis-related genes were downregulated in the sebaceous glands of patients with atopic dermatitis. These results indicate that the analysis of SSL-RNAs is promising to understand the pathophysiology of skin diseases.

Role of Cardiac MRI in Detecting Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Marymol Koshy ◽  
Bushra Johari ◽  
Mohd Farhan Hamdan ◽  
Mohammad Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Potential Use

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a global disease affecting people of various ethnic origins and both genders. HCM is a genetic disorder with a wide range of symptoms, including the catastrophic presentation of sudden cardiac death. Proper diagnosis and treatment of this disorder can relieve symptoms and prolong life. Non-invasive imaging is essential in diagnosing HCM. We present a review to deliberate the potential use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in HCM assessment and also identify the risk factors entailed with risk stratification of HCM based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

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