Multication perovskite 2D/3D interfaces form via progressive dimensional reduction

AbstractMany of the best-performing perovskite photovoltaic devices make use of 2D/3D interfaces, which improve efficiency and stability – but it remains unclear how the conversion of 3D-to-2D perovskite occurs and how these interfaces are assembled. Here, we use in situ Grazing-Incidence Wide-Angle X-Ray Scattering to resolve 2D/3D interface formation during spin-coating. We observe progressive dimensional reduction from 3D to n = 3 → 2 → 1 when we expose (MAPbBr3)0.05(FAPbI3)0.95 perovskites to vinylbenzylammonium ligand cations. Density functional theory simulations suggest ligands incorporate sequentially into the 3D lattice, driven by phenyl ring stacking, progressively bisecting the 3D perovskite into lower-dimensional fragments to form stable interfaces. Slowing the 2D/3D transformation with higher concentrations of antisolvent yields thinner 2D layers formed conformally onto 3D grains, improving carrier extraction and device efficiency (20% 3D-only, 22% 2D/3D). Controlling this progressive dimensional reduction has potential to further improve the performance of 2D/3D perovskite photovoltaics.

Download Full-text

Time-Resolved Morphology and Kinetic Studies of Pulsed Laser Deposition-Grown Pt Layers on Sapphire at Different Growth Temperatures by in Situ Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Langmuir ◽

10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02952 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sondes Bauer ◽

Adriana Rodrigues ◽

Lukáš Horák ◽

Berkin Nergis ◽

Xiaowei Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulsed Laser Deposition ◽

Small Angle ◽

Pulsed Laser ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Laser Deposition ◽

Time Resolved ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering

Download Full-text

Si Nanoribbons on Ag(110) Studied by Grazing-Incidence X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, and Density-Functional Theory: Evidence of a Pentamer Chain Structure

Physical Review Letters ◽

10.1103/physrevlett.117.276102 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 117 (27) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Geoffroy Prévot ◽

Conor Hogan ◽

Thomas Leoni ◽

Romain Bernard ◽

Eric Moyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Density Functional Theory ◽

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Density Functional ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Chain Structure ◽

Scanning Tunneling ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Functional Theory ◽

X Ray

Download Full-text

In situ investigation of annealing effect on lamellar stacking structure of polyethylene thin films by synchrotron grazing-incidence small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s002188980700578x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (s1) ◽

pp. s642-s644 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Sono Sasaki ◽

Hiroyasu Masunaga ◽

Hiroo Tajiri ◽

Katsuaki Inoue ◽

Hiroshi Okuda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Small Angle ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Annealing Effect ◽

Wide Angle ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

In Situ Investigation ◽

Stacking Structure

Download Full-text

In Situ Investigation of the Early-Stage Growth of Nanoporous Alumina

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2018/6428271 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Thérèse Gorisse ◽

Ludovic Dupré ◽

Marc Zelsmann ◽

Alina Vlad ◽

Alessandro Coati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Alumina Layer ◽

Nanoporous Alumina ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

In Situ Investigation ◽

Low X ◽

X Ray Absorption

We report the successful use of in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering to follow the anodization of aluminum. A dedicated electrochemical cell was designed and developed for this purpose with low X-ray absorption, with the possibility to access all azimuthal angles (360°) and to remotely control the temperature of the electrolyte. Three well-known fabrication techniques of nanoporous alumina, i.e., single, double, and pretextured, were investigated. The differences in the evolution of the scattering images are described and explained. From these measurements, we could determine at which moment the pores start growing even for very short anodization times. Furthermore, we could follow the thickness of the alumina layer as a function of the anodization time by monitoring the period of the Kiessig fringes. This work is aimed at helping to understand the different steps taking place during the anodization of aluminum at the very early stages of nanoporous alumina formation.

Download Full-text

Substantial Difference in Ordering of 10, 15, and 20 nm Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on a Water Surface: In Situ Characterization by the Grazing Incidence X-ray Scattering

Langmuir ◽

10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02644 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (42) ◽

pp. 11639-11648 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. Vorobiev ◽

A. Khassanov ◽

V. Ukleev ◽

I. Snigireva ◽

O. Konovalov

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Water Surface ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

In Situ Characterization ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

20 Nm

Download Full-text

Atomic scale characterization of organometallic vapor phase epitaxial growth using in-situ grazing incidence X-ray scattering

Journal of Crystal Growth ◽

10.1016/0022-0248(92)90429-m ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 124 (1-4) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

D.W. Kisker ◽

G.B. Stephenson ◽

P.H. Fuoss ◽

F.J. Lamelas ◽

S. Brennan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epitaxial Growth ◽

Vapor Phase ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Atomic Scale ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Scale Characterization ◽

Ray Scattering

Download Full-text

In-Situ Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies on Nanopore Evolution in Low-kOrganosilicate Dielectric Thin Films

Macromolecules ◽

10.1021/ma048214e ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 3395-3405 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Byeongdu Lee ◽

Jinhwan Yoon ◽

Weontae Oh ◽

Yongtaek Hwang ◽

Kyuyoung Heo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Small Angle ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Dielectric Thin Films ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

Download Full-text

Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering Studies of the Structure and Morphology of the Ni/Mgo(001), Co/Nio(111) and Nife/Nio(111) Interfaces During their in Situ Growth

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-562-165 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 562 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Renaud ◽

A. Barbier ◽

C. Mocuta

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Magnetic Measurements ◽

Grazing Incidence ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Crystallographic Structure ◽

Temperature Oxidation ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Scattering ◽

Ray Scattering

ABSTRACTCombined in situ structural and ex situ magnetic studies of the Co/NiO(111) and Ni81Fe19/NiO(111) interfaces are presented. The Co and Permalloy films were grown on NiO(111) single crystals. Structural studies were performed by Grazing Incidence X-ray Scattering during growth. The effect of the temperature of the substrate during deposition was investigated. Under specific growth conditions, almost pure FCC Co and NiFe films can be obtained, with small quantities of twins. Magnetic measurements were performed ex situ by Magneto-Optical Kerr Effect (MOKE). A strong correlation between the magnetic properties and the crystallographic structure of the Co film is evidenced. High coercive fields are measured for all samples. High temperature annealing of the NiFe film leads to an improved crystalline quality, but the interface becomes reactive and diffuse: part of the Fe diffuses into the NiO substrate and forms an interface compound, likely to be the spinel NiFe2O4. We also report an in situ grazing incidence X-ray scattering study of the Ni/MgO(001) interface during its formation at room temperature. In-plane measurements reveal that the interface is sharp and that the epitaxial relationship is complex. Two distinct lattices are found to exist: expanded Ni(001) and Ni(110). The latter exhibits several orientations with respect to the substrate depending on the thickness. The Ni(110) orientations disappear by annealing at high temperature, leaving only the Ni cube/cube orientation. The layer was also almost fully transformed into NiO(001) by high temperature oxidation.

Download Full-text