scholarly journals Grassland ecological compensation policy in China improves grassland quality and increases herders’ income

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Hou ◽  
Fang Xia ◽  
Qihui Chen ◽  
Jikun Huang ◽  
Yong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Household Survey ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Payment For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Compensation Policy ◽  
Ecological Compensation ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Production Behavior ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractMany countries have undertaken large and high-profile payment-for-ecosystem-services (PES) programs to sustain the use of their natural resources. Nevertheless, few studies have comprehensively examined the impacts of existing PES programs. Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy (GECP) is one of the few pastorally focused PES programs with large investments and long duration, which aim to improve grassland quality and increase herder income. Here we present empirical evidence of the effects of GECP on grassland quality and herder income. Through a thorough and in-depth econometric analysis of remote sensing and household survey data, we find that, although GECP improves grassland quality (albeit to only a small extent) and has a large positive effect on income, it exacerbates existing income inequality among herders within their local communities. The analysis demonstrates that the program has induced herders to change their livestock production behavior. Heterogeneity analysis emphasizes the importance of making sure the programs are flexible and are adapted to local resource circumstances.

scholarly journals Towards Understanding Vegetables Consumption Behaviour in Iran: A Full Box-Cox Double-Hurdle Application

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Ozer Balli ◽  
Mohammad Amin Kouhbor ◽  
Rosmy Jean Louis
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Hurdle Model ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Consumption Behaviour ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Double Hurdle ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractUsing Iran’s 2010–2011 household survey data on income and expenditure, this paper estimates the demand for vegetable consumption. Based on the Vuong’s (1989) Likelihood Ratio Test for Model Selection and Non-Nested Hypothesis, a full Box-Cox double-hurdle model adjusted for heteroskedasticity, dependency, and normality was estimated to uncover factors underlying Iranian households’ decisions to purchase and consume vegetables. Results show that all demographic, socioeconomic, and geographical variables significantly explain vegetable consumption behaviour in Iran. A positive relationship exists between educational attainment and the decision to purchase and consume vegetables. As well, households’ size and average age exert a statistically significant positive effect on vegetable consumption.

scholarly journals Diarrhoea Morbidity Differentials among Children in Pakistan

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Arif ◽  
Sabiha Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Environmental Covariates ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Supplementary Foods ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Diarrhoea Episode

The present study used the 1995-96 Pakistan Integrated Household Survey data to determine the socio-economic, demographic, and environmental covariates of both prevalence and duration of diarrhoea among children under five in Pakistan. Seven logit models were estimated to determine factors influencing the probability of occurrence of diarrhoea. Seven Proportional Hazards Models were used to examine factors determining the duration of diarrhoea. Results revealed that around 20 percent of children under five suffered from diarrhoea in the 30 days prior to the survey. Child’s age was negatively associated with diarrhoea morbidity. Children who had measles immunisation were less likely than children without this immunisation to have diarrhoea. The study also revealed that in controlling the occurrence of diarrhoea among children, sanitation facilities seemed to be more important than the supply of drinking-water. With respect to the duration of diarrhoea, the hazard models showed that younger children, particularly under the age of two, were relatively at a greater risk to suffer from longer diarrhoea episode. The use of Nimkol (ORT) showed a significant and positive effect on recovering quickly from the diarrhoea morbidity. The findings of the study suggest that mothers should be given health education so that they are familiar with the simply prepared treatment, Nimkol, and have knowledge about personal hygiene, and specially of preparing supplementary foods for children.

scholarly journals Impact of Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) program on Improvement of Woman Headed Household Consumption Diversity in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2292-2305
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abdul Hannan Pradhan ◽  
Jamalludin Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Group Development ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A number of studies have established that Vulnerable Group Development (VGD) program beneficiaries are better off during the two-year benefit cycle. This study was an attempt to provide evidence using household survey data on whether the VGD program improves beneficiary household welfare over the cycle. This study was conducted in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect data from equal number of beneficiary and non-beneficiary households. This study used the propensity score matching (PSM) method to analyse data. The study finds a robust and positive effect of program on the beneficiary households to improve their wellbeing through improving meal frequency, per capita expenditure. The results signify consumption variability of the beneficiaries’ households. Furthermore, this behaviour of beneficiaries increases the demand for different items of good at the local market which could help enhancing the national growth. Thus the number of program beneficiary could be increased to promote the process. 

Queens of the Desert: Convictism and Marital Attitudes across Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 457-462
Author(s):  
Victoria Baranov ◽  
Ralph De Haas ◽  
Pauline Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Same Sex Marriage ◽  
Founder Populations ◽  
Household Survey Data ◽  
Combined Data

We merge data on spatial variation in the presence of convicts across eighteenth and nineteenth century Australia with results from the country's 2017 poll on same-sex marriage and with household survey data. These combined data allow us to identify the lasting impact of convict colonization on social norms about marriage. We find that in areas with higher historical convict concentrations, more Australians recently voted in favor of same-sex marriage and hold liberal views about marriage more generally. Our results highlight how founder populations can have lasting effects on locally held social norms.

scholarly journals Multi-Feature Fusion for Weak Target Detection on Sea-Surface Based on FAR Controllable Deep Forest Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Jiahuan Zhang ◽  
Hongjun Song
Keyword(s):  
Target Detection ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Forest Model ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Deep Forest ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Weak Target

Target detection on the sea-surface has always been a high-profile problem, and the detection of weak targets is one of the most difficult problems and the key issue under this problem. Traditional techniques, such as imaging, cannot effectively detect these types of targets, so researchers choose to start by mining the characteristics of the received echoes and other aspects for target detection. This paper proposes a false alarm rate (FAR) controllable deep forest model based on six-dimensional feature space for efficient and accurate detection of weak targets on the sea-surface. This is the first attempt at the deep forest model in this field. The validity of the model was verified on IPIX data, and the detection probability was compared with other proposed methods. Under the same FAR condition, the average detection accuracy rate of the proposed method could reach over 99.19%, which is 9.96% better than the results of the current most advanced method (K-NN FAR-controlled Detector). Experimental results show that multi-feature fusion and the use of a suitable detection framework have a positive effect on the detection of weak targets on the sea-surface.

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