A wireless millimetre-scale implantable neural stimulator with ultrasonically powered bidirectional communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Piech ◽  
Benjamin C. Johnson ◽  
Konlin Shen ◽  
M. Meraj Ghanbari ◽  
Ka Yiu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Neural Stimulator

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Dysbiosis in Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Pathogenesis and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 5026-5043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Liu ◽  
Jiguo Gao ◽  
Mingqin Zhu ◽  
Kangding Liu ◽  
Hong-Liang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Homeostasis ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Understanding how gut flora influences gut-brain communications has been the subject of significant research over the past decade. The broadening of the term “microbiota-gut-brain axis” from “gut-brain axis” underscores a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain. The microbiota-gut-brain axis involves metabolic, endocrine, neural, and immune pathways which are crucial for the maintenance of brain homeostasis. Alterations in the composition of gut microbiota are associated with multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Although a causal relationship between gut dysbiosis and neural dysfunction remains elusive, emerging evidence indicates that gut dysbiosis may promote amyloid-beta aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Illustration of the mechanisms underlying the regulation by gut microbiota may pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for AD. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of gut microbiota and their dysregulation in the pathogenesis of AD. Novel insights into the modification of gut microbiota composition as a preventive or therapeutic approach for AD are highlighted.

scholarly journals Electrical percolation in extrinsically conducting, poly(ε-decalactone) composite neural interface materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Krukiewicz ◽  
James Britton ◽  
Daria Więcławska ◽  
Małgorzata Skorupa ◽  
Jorge Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Electrical Percolation ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Biomedical Device ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Electrical Percolation Threshold

AbstractBy providing a bidirectional communication channel between neural tissues and a biomedical device, it is envisaged that neural interfaces will be fundamental in the future diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. Due to the mechanical mismatch between neural tissue and metallic neural electrodes, soft electrically conducting materials are of great benefit in promoting chronic device functionality. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNT), silver nanowires (AgNW) and poly(hydroxymethyl 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) microspheres (MSP) were employed as conducting fillers within a poly(ε-decalactone) (EDL) matrix, to form a soft and electrically conducting composite. The effect of a filler type on the electrical percolation threshold, and composite biocompatibility was investigated in vitro. EDL-based composites exhibited favourable electrochemical characteristics: EDL/CNT—the lowest film resistance (1.2 ± 0.3 kΩ), EDL/AgNW—the highest charge storage capacity (10.7 ± 0.3 mC cm− 2), and EDL/MSP—the highest interphase capacitance (1478.4 ± 92.4 µF cm−2). All investigated composite surfaces were found to be biocompatible, and to reduce the presence of reactive astrocytes relative to control electrodes. The results of this work clearly demonstrated the ability of high aspect ratio structures to form an extended percolation network within a polyester matrix, resulting in the formulation of composites with advantageous mechanical, electrochemical and biocompatibility properties.

Comorbid depression and ulcerative colitis – is there a connection?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S534-S534
Author(s):  
A. Melada ◽  
I. Krišto-Mađura ◽  
A. Vidović
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Interest

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a subset disorder of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with chronic course and symptoms such as fatigue, gastrointestinal pain, fever, etc. IBD is associated with psychological manifestations including depression and anxiety. There is an increased number of studies trying to link these comorbidities. The gut-brain axis is regulated by intestinal microbiota and this bidirectional communication including immune, neural, endocrine and metabolic mechanisms may bring us closer to the answer. The following case concerns a 56-year-old patient with history of major depressive disorder who was in continuous psychiatric care and treated with antidepressants. Several years after the beginning of psychiatric treatment, he was hospitalized for diagnostic examination due to subfebrility of unknown etiology, but with no final somatic diagnosis. After two years he was referred to our department and at administration the patient showed symptoms of depression, anxiety, lack of motivation and suicidal thoughts and tendencies. Subfebrility was still present at that time. His psychopharmacotherapy was revised and there was a slight improvement in mood and behaviour. During outpatient follow-ups the symptoms of depression were still prominent and remission was not achieved even with modulation of antidepressant pharmacotherapy. The following year the patient was diagnosed with UC and started specific treatment after he presented with diarrhea in addition to subfebrility. Subsequently his mood improved, suicidal thoughts were diminished and ultimately remission was achieved. This case suggests that only after UC was being treated the psychiatric symptoms also withdrew which implicates that inflammatory mediators were involved in pathogenesis of depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Ultrasonic Power/Data Telemetry and Neural Stimulator With OOK-PM Signaling

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Sing Luo ◽  
Jiun-Ru Wang ◽  
Wei-Jen Huang ◽  
Je-Yu Tsai ◽  
Yi-Fang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Power ◽  
Neural Stimulator

Improving Wireless Security for Bidirectional Communication Scenarios

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 2842-2848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Ding ◽  
Mai Xu ◽  
Jianhua Lu ◽  
Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Security ◽  
Bidirectional Communication

scholarly journals Organ-on-a-Chip for Studying Gut-Brain Interaction Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut Microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13513
Author(s):  
Min-Hyeok Kim ◽  
Danny van Noort ◽  
Jong Hwan Sung ◽  
Sungsu Park
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Organ On A Chip ◽  
And Behavior

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a group of membrane vesicles that play important roles in cell-to-cell and interspecies/interkingdom communications by modulating the pathophysiological conditions of recipient cells. Recent evidence has implied their potential roles in the gut–brain axis (GBA), which is a complex bidirectional communication system between the gut environment and brain pathophysiology. Despite the evidence, the roles of EVs in the gut microenvironment in the GBA are less highlighted. Moreover, there are critical challenges in the current GBA models and analyzing techniques for EVs, which may hinder the research. Currently, advances in organ-on-a-chip (OOC) technologies have provided a promising solution. Here, we review the potential effects of EVs occurring in the gut environment on brain physiology and behavior and discuss how to apply OOCs to research the GBA mediated by EVs in the gut microenvironment.

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