MC3R controls growth and puberty onset

AbstractObjectivesAdequate treatment of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is required for normal growth and sexual development. To evaluate pubertal development in patients with permanent CH detected by a statewide Neonatal Screening Program of Paraná and, secondly, to evaluate adult height (AH) in a subgroup of patients.MethodsClinical, laboratory, and auxological data obtained from medical records of 174 patients (123 girls).ResultsMedian chronological age (CA) at treatment initiation was 24 days, and mean initial levothyroxine dose was 11.7 ± 1.9 μg/kg/day; mean CA at puberty onset was 11.5 ± 1.3 years (boys) and 9.7 ± 1.2 years (girls); mean CA in girls who underwent menarche (n=81) was 12.1 ± 1.1 years. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values above the normal range were observed in 36.4% of the boys and 32.7% of the girls on puberty onset, and in 44.6% around menarche. Among 15 boys and 66 girls who had reached the AH, the median height z-score value was significantly greater than the target height (TH) z-score value in boys (p=0.01) and in girls (p<0.001). Boys with normal TSH values at puberty onset had greater mean AH z-score compared with boys with TSH values above the normal range (p=0.04).ConclusionsIn this group, pubertal development in girls with CH was not different from that reported in healthy girls in the general Brazilian population. Boys with higher TSH at puberty onset may have an increased risk of not reaching their potential height compared with those with normal TSH during this period. In a subgroup who attained AH, the median AH z-score was greater than the median TH z-score.

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Socioeconomic Status Is Related to Pubertal Development in a German Cohort

Hormone Research in Paediatrics ◽

10.1159/000513787 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Lea Oelkers ◽

Mandy Vogel ◽

Agnes Kalenda ◽

Hans Christian Surup ◽

Antje Körner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Weight Status ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Pubertal Onset ◽

Child Study ◽

Serum Lh ◽

Puberty Onset

Introduction: Current health literature suggests that there has been a decline in the age of pubertal onset and that pubertal onset/duration of puberty may, besides weight status, be influenced by socioeconomic context. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine whether pubertal onset/duration and puberty-triggering hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) vary according to socioeconomic status (SES). Moreover, we aimed to propose cutoff values of serum LH and FSH for predicting gonadarche in boys. Methods: 2,657 apparently healthy children and adolescents between 5.5 and 18 years from the area of Leipzig were recruited from the LIFE Child study. Age at pubertal onset/end of puberty was given in 738/573 children, respectively. Anthropometric parameters of puberty, blood measurements of LH and FSH, and questionnaires assessing SES were evaluated. Results: Lower SES was associated with earlier thelarche and longer duration of puberty in overweight/obese girls, whereas age of menarche was not affected. In boys with low SES, a trend versus earlier puberty onset can be seen. Lower SES was significantly associated with boys’ age at mutation. No significant differences in boys’ and girls’ serum levels of LH and FSH during puberty according to SES were observed. Serum LH levels of 0.56 IU/L and serum FSH levels of 1.74 IU/L showed the best prediction of gonadarche in boys. Conclusion: Puberty onset/duration and boys’ age at mutation is affected by SES. The proposed cutoff levels for serum LH and FSH could provide a serological tool to determine gonadarche in boys.

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Prepubertal exposure to T-2 toxin advances pubertal onset and development in female rats via promoting the onset of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis function

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327116629529 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (12) ◽

pp. 1276-1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R Yang ◽

Y-M Wang ◽

L Zhang ◽

Z-M Zhao ◽

J Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Messenger Rna ◽

Female Rats ◽

Intragastric Administration ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Trichothecene Mycotoxin ◽

Pubertal Onset ◽

Serum Hormone ◽

Puberty Onset ◽

High Level

T-2 toxin, a naturally produced Type A trichothecene mycotoxin, has been shown to damage the reproductive and developmental functions in livestocks. However, whether T-2 toxin can disturb the pubertal onset and development following prepubertal exposure remains unclear. To clarify this point, infantile female Sprague–Dawley rats were given a daily intragastric administration of vehicle or T-2 toxin at a dose of 375 μg/kg body weight for 5 consecutive days from postnatal day (PND) 15–19 (PND15–PND19). The days of vaginal opening, first diestrus, and first estrus in regular estrous cycle were advanced following T-2 toxin treatment, indicating prepubertal exposure to T-2 toxin induced the advancement of puberty onset. The relative weights of uterus and ovaries and the incidence of corpora lutea were all increased in T-2 toxin-treated rats; serum hormone levels of luteinizing hormone and estradiol and the messenger RNA expressions of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and GnRH receptor also displayed marked increases following exposure to T-2 toxin, all of which were well consistent with the manifestations of the advanced puberty onset. In conclusion, the present study reveals that prepubertal exposure to a high level of T-2 toxin promotes puberty onset in infantile female rats by advancing the initiation of hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis function in female rats.

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Effect of Puberty Onset on Spontaneous Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen Seroconversion in Men

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.051 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 138 (3) ◽

pp. 942-948.e1 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jia–Feng Wu ◽

Wen–Yu Tsai ◽

Hong–Yuan Hsu ◽

Yen–Hsuan Ni ◽

Huey–Ling Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

B Virus ◽

Puberty Onset

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Sexually active bucks are a critical social cue that activates the gonadotrope axis and early puberty onset in does

Hormones and Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.10.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 106 ◽

pp. 81-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Manon Chasles ◽

Didier Chesneau ◽

Chantal Moussu ◽

Kevin Poissenot ◽

Massimiliano Beltramo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexually Active ◽

Early Puberty ◽

Social Cue ◽

Puberty Onset ◽

Critical Social

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Effects of Kisspeptin-10 on Hypothalamic Neuropeptides and Neurotransmitters Involved in Appetite Control

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23123071 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3071 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Giustino Orlando ◽

Sheila Leone ◽

Claudio Ferrante ◽

Annalisa Chiavaroli ◽

Adriano Mollica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Bdnf Gene ◽

Appetite Control ◽

Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽

Puberty Onset

Besides its role as key regulator in gonadotropin releasing hormone secretion, reproductive function, and puberty onset, kisspeptin has been proposed to act as a bridge between energy homeostasis and reproduction. In the present study, to characterize the role of hypothalamic kisspeptin as metabolic regulator, we evaluated the effects of kisspeptin-10 on neuropeptide Y (NPY) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene expression and the extracellular dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-hydroxytriptamine, 5-HT), dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIIA) concentrations in rat hypothalamic (Hypo-E22) cells. Our study showed that kisspeptin-10 in the concentration range 1 nM–10 μM was well tolerated by the Hypo-E22 cell line. Moreover, kisspeptin-10 (100 nM–10 μM) concentration independently increased the gene expression of NPY while BDNF was inhibited only at the concentration of 10 μM. Finally, kisspeptin-10 decreased 5-HT and DA, leaving unaffected NE levels. The inhibitory effect on DA and 5-HT is consistent with the increased peptide-induced DOPAC/DA and 5-HIIA/5-HT ratios. In conclusion, our current findings suggesting the increased NPY together with decreased BDNF and 5-HT activity following kisspeptin-10 would be consistent with a possible orexigenic effect induced by the peptide.

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