scholarly journals Emergence and expansion of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.526 after identification in New York

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 597 (7878) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medini K. Annavajhala ◽  
Hiroshi Mohri ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Manoj Nair ◽  
Jason E. Zucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Variant Lineage ◽  
Antibody Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 infections have surged across the globe in recent months, concomitant with considerable viral evolution1–3. Extensive mutations in the spike protein may threaten the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies4. Two signature spike mutations of concern are E484K, which has a crucial role in the loss of neutralizing activity of antibodies, and N501Y, a driver of rapid worldwide transmission of the B.1.1.7 lineage. Here we report the emergence of the variant lineage B.1.526 (also known as the Iota variant5), which contains E484K, and its rise to dominance in New York City in early 2021. This variant is partially or completely resistant to two therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that are in clinical use and is less susceptible to neutralization by plasma from individuals who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection or serum from vaccinated individuals, posing a modest antigenic challenge. The presence of the B.1.526 lineage has now been reported in all 50 states in the United States and in many other countries. B.1.526 rapidly replaced earlier lineages in New York, with an estimated transmission advantage of 35%. These transmission dynamics, together with the relative antibody resistance of its E484K sub-lineage, are likely to have contributed to the sharp rise and rapid spread of B.1.526. Although SARS-CoV-2 B.1.526 initially outpaced B.1.1.7 in the region, its growth subsequently slowed concurrently with the rise of B.1.1.7 and ensuing variants.

scholarly journals A Novel and Expanding SARS-CoV-2 Variant, B.1.526, Identified in New York

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medini K. Annavajhala ◽  
Hiroshi Mohri ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Jason E. Zucker ◽  
Zizhang Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
The Us ◽  
Novel Variant ◽  
Variant Lineage ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Doubling Times

SummaryRecent months have seen surges of SARS-CoV-2 infection across the globe along with considerable viral evolution1-3. Extensive mutations in the spike protein may threaten efficacy of vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies4. Two signature mutations of concern are E484K, which plays a crucial role in the loss of neutralizing activity of antibodies, and N501Y, a driver of rapid worldwide transmission of the B.1.1.7 lineage. Here, we report the emergence of a novel variant lineage B.1.526 that contains E484K and its alarming rise to dominance in New York City in recent months. This variant is partially or completely resistant to two therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in clinical use. It is also less susceptible to neutralization by convalescent plasma or vaccinee sera by 4.1-fold or 3.3-3.6-fold, respectively. The B.1.526 lineage has now been reported from at least 32 states in the US and numerous other countries. B.1526 has been outpacing B.1.1.7 in Northern Manhattan, and both variants have been spreading throughout New York with comparable estimated doubling times. Such transmission dynamics, together with its resistance to therapeutic antibodies, would warrant B.1.526 as a SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern.

scholarly journals B.1.526 SARS-CoV-2 Variants Identified in New York City are Neutralized by Vaccine-Elicited and Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Belinda M. Dcosta ◽  
Marie I. Samanovic ◽  
Mark J. Mulligan ◽  
Nathaniel R. Landau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
New York City ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
York City ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

A novel SARS-CoV-2 variant termed B.1.526 was recently identified in New York City and has been found to be spreading at an alarming rate. The variant has mutations in its spike protein that might allow it to escape neutralization by vaccine-elicited antibodies and might cause monoclonal antibody therapy for COVID-19 to be less successful.

scholarly journals Introductions and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the New York City area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana S. Gonzalez-Reiche ◽  
Matthew M. Hernandez ◽  
Mitchell Sullivan ◽  
Brianne Ciferri ◽  
Hala Alshammary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTNew York City (NYC) has emerged as one of the epicenters of the current SARS-CoV2 pandemic. To identify the early events underlying the rapid spread of the virus in the NYC metropolitan area, we sequenced the virus causing COVID19 in patients seeking care at the Mount Sinai Health System. Phylogenetic analysis of 84 distinct SARS-CoV2 genomes indicates multiple, independent but isolated introductions mainly from Europe and other parts of the United States. Moreover, we find evidence for community transmission of SARS-CoV2 as suggested by clusters of related viruses found in patients living in different neighborhoods of the city.

scholarly journals Introductions and early spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the New York City area

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. eabc1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana S. Gonzalez-Reiche ◽  
Matthew M. Hernandez ◽  
Mitchell J. Sullivan ◽  
Brianne Ciferri ◽  
Hala Alshammary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
The City

New York City (NYC) has emerged as one of the epicenters of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To identify the early transmission events underlying the rapid spread of the virus in the NYC metropolitan area, we sequenced the virus causing COVID-19 in patients seeking care at the Mount Sinai Health System. Phylogenetic analysis of 84 distinct SARS-CoV2 genomes indicates multiple, independent but isolated introductions mainly from Europe and other parts of the United States. Moreover, we find evidence for community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as suggested by clusters of related viruses found in patients living in different neighborhoods of the city.

scholarly journals B.1.526 SARS-CoV-2 variants identified in New York City are neutralized by vaccine-elicited and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Zhou ◽  
Belinda M. Dcosta ◽  
Marie I. Samanovic ◽  
Mark J. Mulligan ◽  
Nathaniel R. Landau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
York City ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

DNA sequence analysis recently identified the novel SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.526 that is spreading at an alarming rate in the New York City area. Two versions of the variant were identified, both with the prevalent D614G mutation in the spike protein together with four novel point mutations and with an E484K or S477N mutation in the receptor binding domain, raising concerns of possible resistance to vaccine-elicited and therapeutic antibodies. We report that convalescent sera and vaccine-elicited antibodies retain full neutralizing titer against the S477N B.1.526 variant and neutralize the E484K version with a modest 3.5-fold decrease in titer as compared to D614G. The E484K version was neutralized with a 12-fold decrease in titer by the REGN10933 monoclonal antibody but the combination cocktail with REGN10987 was fully active. The findings suggest that current vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies will remain protective against the B.1.526 variants. The findings further support the value of wide-spread vaccination.

Gerald H. Thayer's ornithological work in St Vincent and the Grenadines, Lesser Antilles

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
West Indies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
American Museum ◽  
The West ◽  
Comparative Zoology ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

Gerald Handerson Thayer (1883–1939) was an artist, writer and naturalist who worked in North and South America, Europe and the West Indies. In the Lesser Antilles, Thayer made substantial contributions to the knowledge and conservation of birds in St Vincent and the Grenadines. Thayer observed and collected birds throughout much of St Vincent and on many of the Grenadines from January 1924 through to December 1925. Although he produced a preliminary manuscript containing interesting distributional notes and which is an early record of the region's ornithology, Thayer never published the results of his work in the islands. Some 413 bird and bird egg specimens have survived from his work in St Vincent and the Grenadines and are now housed in the American Museum of Natural History (New York City) and the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Cambridge, Massachusetts). Four hundred and fifty eight specimens of birds and eggs collected by Gerald and his father, Abbott, from other countries are held in museums in the United States.

Applying the Devil's Works in a Holy Cause: Working-Class Popular Culture and the Salvation Army in the United States, 1879-1900

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-223
Author(s):  
Lillian Taiz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
Salvation Army ◽  
Public Meeting ◽  
The Many ◽  
Sunday Evening

Forty-eight hours after they landed in New York City in 1880, a small contingent of the Salvation Army held their first public meeting at the infamous Harry Hill's Variety Theater. The enterprising Hill, alerted to the group's arrival from Britain by newspaper reports, contacted their leader, Commissioner George Scott Railton, and offered to pay the group to “do a turn” for “an hour or two on … Sunday evening.” In nineteenth-century New York City, Harry Hill's was one of the best known concert saloons, and reformers considered him “among the disreputable classes” of that city. His saloon, they said, was “nothing more than one of the many gates to hell.”

scholarly journals The COVID Army: Experiences from the Deployment of Non-Hospitalist Physician Volunteers during the 2020 COVID Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Kevin Hauck ◽  
Katherine Hochman ◽  
Mark Pochapin ◽  
Sondra Zabar ◽  
Jeffrey A Wilhite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Clinical Leadership ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Hospitalist Physician

Abstract Objective New York City was the epicenter of the outbreak of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. As a large, quaternary care medical center, NYU Langone Medical Center was one of many New York medical centers that experienced an unprecedented influx of patients during this time. Clinical leadership effectively identified, oriented, and rapidly deployed a “COVID Army”, consisting of non-hospitalist physicians, to meet the needs of this patient influx. We share feedback from our providers on our processes and offer specific recommendations for systems experiencing a similar influx in the current and future pandemics. Methods In order to assess the experiences and perceived readiness of these physicians (n=183), we distributed a 32-item survey between March and June of 2020. Thematic analyses and response rates were examined in order to develop results. Results Responses highlighted varying experiences and attitudes of our front-line physicians during an emerging pandemic. Thematic analyses revealed a series of lessons learned, including the need to: (1) provide orientations, (2) clarify roles/ workflow, (3) balance team workload, (4) keep teams updated on evolving policies, (5) make team members feel valued, and (6) ensure they have necessary tools available. Conclusions Lessons from our deployment and assessment are scalable at other institutions.

scholarly journals Evolving oxygenation management reasoning in COVID-19

Diagnosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-383
Author(s):  
Steven Liu ◽  
Cara Sweeney ◽  
Nalinee Srisarajivakul-Klein ◽  
Amanda Klinger ◽  
Irina Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure ◽  
Hospital Wards

AbstractThe initial phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States saw rapidly-rising patient volumes along with shortages in personnel, equipment, and intensive care unit (ICU) beds across many New York City hospitals. As our hospital wards quickly filled with unstable, hypoxemic patients, our hospitalist group was forced to fundamentally rethink the way we triaged and managed cases of hypoxemic respiratory failure. Here, we describe the oxygenation protocol we developed and implemented in response to changing norms for acuity on inpatient wards. By reflecting on lessons learned, we re-evaluate the applicability of these oxygenation strategies in the evolving pandemic. We hope to impart to other providers the insights we gained with the challenges of management reasoning in COVID-19.

Values of Voluntary Simplicity: Lifestyle and Motivation

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avraham Shama ◽  
Joseph Wisenblit
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Voluntary Simplicity ◽  
Ecological Responsibility ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
And Behavior

This paper describes the relation between values and behavior of a new life style, that of voluntary simplicity which is characterized by low consumption, self-sufficiency, and ecological responsibility. Also, specific hypotheses regarding the motivation for voluntary simplicity and adoption in two areas of the United States were tested. Analysis shows (a) values of voluntary simplicity and behaviors are consistent, (b) the motivation for voluntary simplicity includes personal preference and economic hardship, and (c) adoption of voluntary simplicity is different in the Denver and New York City metropolitan areas.

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