Non-trivial role of internal climate feedback on interglacial temperature evolution

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 600 (7887) ◽  
pp. E1-E3
Author(s):  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Fahu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Evolution ◽  
Climate Feedback

Reply to: Non-trivial role of internal climate feedback on interglacial temperature evolution

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 600 (7887) ◽  
pp. E4-E6
Author(s):  
Samantha Bova ◽  
Yair Rosenthal ◽  
Zhengyu Liu ◽  
Mi Yan ◽  
Anthony J. Broccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Evolution ◽  
Climate Feedback

scholarly journals The Dominant Role of Snow/Ice Albedo Feedback Strengthened by Black Carbon in the Enhanced Warming over the Himalayas

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (18) ◽  
pp. 5883-5899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieru Ma ◽  
Tinghan Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Guan ◽  
Xiaoming Hu ◽  
Anmin Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Albedo Feedback ◽  
Community Earth System Model

AbstractAn obvious warming trend in winter over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the recent decades has been widely discussed, with studies emphasizing the dominant effects of local radiative factors, including those due to black carbon (BC). The Himalayas are one of the largest snowpack- and ice-covered regions in the TP, and an ideal area to investigate local radiative effects on climate change. In this study, the coupled climate feedback response analysis method (CFRAM) is applied to quantify the magnitude of warming over the Himalayas induced by different external forcing factors and climate feedback processes. The results show that snow/ice albedo feedback (SAF) resulted in a warming of approximately 2.6°C and was the primary contributor to enhanced warming over the Himalayas in recent decades. This warming was much greater than the warming induced by dynamic and other radiative factors. In particular, the strong radiative effects of BC on the warming over the Himalayas are identified by comparing control and BC-perturbed experiments of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). As a result of strong BC effects on the Himalayas, evaporation and reduced precipitation were strengthened, accounting for local drying and land degradation, which intensified warming. These results suggest that more investigations on the local radiative effects on the climate and ecosystem are needed, especially in the high-altitude cryosphere.

scholarly journals Role of ocean biology-induced climate feedback in the modulation of El Niño-Southern Oscillation

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Hua Zhang ◽  
Antonio J. Busalacchi ◽  
Xiujun Wang ◽  
Joaquim Ballabrera-Poy ◽  
Raghu G. Murtugudde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation

scholarly journals Comment on "Clouds and the Faint Young Sun Paradox" by Goldblatt and Zahnle (2011)

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 701-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Rondanelli ◽  
R. S. Lindzen
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Cirrus Clouds ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Cloud Radiative Forcing ◽  
Convective Clouds ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Deep Convective Clouds ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
High Clouds

Abstract. Goldblatt and Zahnle (2011) raise a number of issues related to the possibility that cirrus clouds can provide a solution to the faint young sun paradox. Here, we argue that: (1) climates having a lower than present mean surface temperature cannot be discarded as solutions to the faint young sun paradox, (2) the detrainment from deep convective clouds in the tropics is a well-established physical mechanism for the formation of high clouds that have a positive radiative forcing (even if the possible role of these clouds as a negative climate feedback remains controversial) and (3) even if some cloud properties are not mutually consistent with observations in radiative transfer parameterizations, the most relevant consistency (for the purpose of hypothesis testing) is with observations of the cloud radiative forcing. Therefore, we maintain that cirrus clouds, as observed in the current climate and covering a large region of the tropics, can provide a solution to the faint young sun paradox, or at least ease the amount of CO2 or other greenhouse substances needed to provide temperatures above freezing during the Archean.

scholarly journals The Iris Effect: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Lindzen ◽  
Yong-Sang Choi
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Cirrus Clouds ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Visible Radiation ◽  
Precipitation Efficiency ◽  
Aggregation Effect ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Anvil Cirrus

AbstractThis study reviews the research of the past 20-years on the role of anvil cirrus in the Earth’s climate – research initiated by Lindzen et al. (Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 82:417-432, 2001). The original study suggested that the anvil cirrus would shrink with warming, which was estimated to induce longwave cooling for the Earth. This is referred to as the iris effect since the areal change hypothetically resembles the light control by the human eye’s iris. If the effect is strong enough, it exerts a significant negative climate feedback which stabilizes tropical temperatures and limits climate sensitivity. Initial responses to Lindzen et al. (Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 82:417-432, 2001) denied the existence and effectiveness of the iris effect. Assessment of the debatable issues in these responses will be presented later in this review paper. At this point, the strong areal reduction of cirrus with warming appears very clearly in both climate models and satellite observations. Current studies found that the iris effect may not only come from the decreased cirrus outflow due to increased precipitation efficiency, but also from concentration of cumulus cores over warmer areas (the so-called aggregation effect). Yet, different opinions remain as to the radiative effect of cirrus clouds participating in the iris effect. For the iris effect to be most important, it must involve cirrus clouds that are not as opaque for visible radiation as they are for infrared radiation. However, current climate models often simulate cirrus clouds that are opaque in both visible and infrared radiation. This issue requires thorough examination as it seems to be opposed to conventional wisdom based on explicit observations. This paper was written in the hope of stimulating more effort to carefully evaluate these important issues.

scholarly journals A Process-Based Assessment of Decadal-Scale Surface Temperature Evolutions in the NCAR CCSM4’s 25-Year Hindcast Experiments

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (17) ◽  
pp. 6723-6736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junwen Chen ◽  
Yi Deng ◽  
Wenshi Lin ◽  
Song Yang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Temperature Evolution ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Surface Temperature Change ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Cloud Effect

This study represents an initial effort in the context of the coupled atmosphere–surface climate feedback-response analysis method (CFRAM) to partition the temporal evolution of the global surface temperature from 1981 to 2005 into components associated with individual radiative and nonradiative (dynamical) processes in the NCAR CCSM4’s decadal hindcasts. When compared with the observation (ERA-Interim), CCSM4 is able to predict an overall warming trend as well as the transient cooling occurring during the period 1989–94. However, while the model captures fairly well the positive contributions of the CO2 and surface albedo change to the temperature evolution, it has an overly strong water vapor effect that dictates the temperature evolution in the hindcast. This is in contrast with ERA-Interim, where changes in surface dynamics (mainly ocean circulation and heat content change) dominate the actual temperature evolution. Atmospheric dynamics in both ERA-Interim and the model work against the surface temperature tendency through turbulent and convective heat transport, leading to an overall negative contribution to the evolution of the surface temperature. Impacts of solar forcing and ozone change on the surface temperature change are relatively weak during this period. The magnitude of cloud effect is considerably smaller compared to that in ERA-Interim and the spatial distribution of the cloud effect is also significantly different between the two, especially over the equatorial Pacific. The value and limitations of this process-based temperature decomposition are discussed.

scholarly journals Temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition governed by aggregate protection and microbial communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. eaau1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqi Qin ◽  
Leiyi Chen ◽  
Kai Fang ◽  
Qiwen Zhang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Active Pool ◽  
Pool Model ◽  
Som Decomposition

Temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition is a crucial parameter for predicting the fate of soil carbon (C) under global warming. However, our understanding of its regulatory mechanisms remains inadequate, which constrains its accurate parameterization in Earth system models and induces large uncertainties in predicting terrestrial C-climate feedback. Here, we conducted a long-term laboratory incubation combined with a two-pool model and manipulative experiments to examine potential mechanisms underlying the depth-associated Q10 variations in active and slow soil C pools. We found that lower microbial abundance and stronger aggregate protection were coexisting mechanisms underlying the lower Q10 in the subsoil. Of them, microbial communities were the main determinant of Q10 in the active pool, whereas aggregate protection exerted more important control in the slow pool. These results highlight the crucial role of soil C stabilization mechanisms in regulating temperature response of SOM decomposition, potentially attenuating the terrestrial C-climate feedback.

scholarly journals Role of climate feedback on methane and ozone studied with a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Chemistry Model

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1723-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Johnson ◽  
D. S. Stevenson ◽  
W. J. Collins ◽  
R. G. Derwent
Keyword(s):  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere
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