scholarly journals Forensic microbiology reveals that Neisseria animaloris infections in harbour porpoises follow traumatic injuries by grey seals

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Foster ◽  
Adrian M. Whatmore ◽  
Mark P. Dagleish ◽  
Henry Malnick ◽  
Maarten J. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Predatory Attack ◽  
Forensic Microbiology ◽  
Bite Wounds ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Portal Of Entry

Abstract Neisseria animaloris is considered to be a commensal of the canine and feline oral cavities. It is able to cause systemic infections in animals as well as humans, usually after a biting trauma has occurred. We recovered N. animaloris from chronically inflamed bite wounds on pectoral fins and tailstocks, from lungs and other internal organs of eight harbour porpoises. Gross and histopathological evidence suggest that fatal disseminated N. animaloris infections had occurred due to traumatic injury from grey seals. We therefore conclude that these porpoises survived a grey seal predatory attack, with the bite lesions representing the subsequent portal of entry for bacteria to infect the animals causing abscesses in multiple tissues, and eventually death. We demonstrate that forensic microbiology provides a useful tool for linking a perpetrator to its victim. Moreover, N. animaloris should be added to the list of potential zoonotic bacteria following interactions with seals, as the finding of systemic transfer to the lungs and other tissues of the harbour porpoises may suggest a potential to do likewise in humans.

scholarly journals Endovascular Considerations in Traumatic Injury of the Carotid and Vertebral Arteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 053-063
Author(s):  
Ananth K. Vellimana ◽  
Jayson Lavie ◽  
Arindam Rano Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Endovascular Techniques ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Cerebrovascular Injury ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Carotid And Vertebral Arteries

AbstractCervical carotid and vertebral artery traumatic injuries can have a devastating natural history. This article reviews the epidemiology, mechanisms of injury, clinical presentation, and classification systems pertinent to consideration of endovascular treatment. The growing role of modern endovascular techniques for the treatment of these diseases is presented to equip endovascular surgeons with a framework for critically assessing patients presenting with traumatic cervical cerebrovascular injury.

scholarly journals Dissecting the Microbial Community Structure of Internal Organs During the Early Postmortem Period in a Murine Corpse Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruina Liu ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Qinru Sun ◽  
Xin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Forensic Microbiology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Early Postmortem

Abstract Background Microorganisms inhabit and proliferate throughout the body both externally and internally, which are the primary mediators of putrefaction after death. However, limited information is available about the changes in the postmortem microbiota of extraintestinal body sites in the early decomposition stage of mammalian corpses. Results This study applied 16S rRNA barcoding to investigate microbial composition variations among different organs and the relationship between microbial communities and time since death over 1 day of decomposition. During 1 day of decomposition, Agrobacterium, Prevotella, Bacillus, and Turicibacter were regarded as time-relevant genera in internal organs at different timepoints. Pathways associated with lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate and terpenoid and polyketide metabolism were significantly enriched at 8 hours than that at 0.5 or 4 hours. The microbiome compositions and postmortem metabolic pathways differed by time since death, and more importantly, these alterations were organ specific. Conclusion The dominant microbes differed by organ, while they tended toward similarity as decomposition progressed. The observed thanatomicrobiome variation by body site provides new knowledge into decomposition ecology and forensic microbiology. Additionally, the microbes detected at 0.5 hours in internal organs may inform a new direction for organ transplantation.

scholarly journals Lipocalin2 Induced by Bacterial Flagellin Protects Mice against Cyclophosphamide Mediated Neutropenic Sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Daejin Lim ◽  
Hee Kyung Kim ◽  
Jae-Ho Jeong ◽  
Yoon Seok Jung ◽  
Shee Eun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
Neutropenic Sepsis ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Portal Of Entry

Neutropenic sepsis is a fatal consequence of chemotherapy, and septic complications are the principal cause of mortality. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia leads to the formation of microscopic ulcers in the gastrointestinal epithelium that function as a portal of entry for intraluminal bacteria, which translocate across the intestinal mucosal barrier and gain access to systemic sites, causing septicemia. A cyclophosphamide-induced mouse model was developed to mimic the pathophysiologic sequence of events that occurs in patients with neutropenic sepsis. The TLR5 agonist bacterial flagellin derived from Vibrio vulnificus extended the survival of cyclophosphamide-treated mice by reducing the bacterial load in internal organs. The protective effect of flagellin was mediated by the antimicrobial protein lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), which is induced by TLR5-NF-κB activation in hepatocytes. Lcn2 sequestered iron from infecting bacteria, particularly siderophore enterobactin-dependent members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, thereby limiting their proliferation. Lcn2 should be considered for the treatment of neutropenic sepsis and gastrointestinal damage during chemotherapy to prevent or minimize the adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Canine Bite-Mark Evidence in Veterinary Necropsy: Case Studies Featuring the Bite-Mark Examination

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Adrian Florin GAL ◽  
Roxana CORA ◽  
Flaviu TᾸBᾸRAN ◽  
Andras NAGY ◽  
Cornel CǍTOI
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Veterinary Science ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Cutaneous Wounds ◽  
Bite Marks ◽  
Bite Mark ◽  
Veterinary Pathology ◽  
Tissue Rupture ◽  
Bite Wounds

Forensic veterinary medicine tends to gain increasing importance in veterinary pathology, the number of such cases being still limited. The paper describes cases with multiple cutaneous wounds, with emphasis on bite-mark analysis. The material was represented by corpses (deer and dogs) brought by local authorities to Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca (Romania), along with preliminary reports issued by the competent organs. A complete medicolegal survey was done. The cases analyzed by us displayed numerous usually symmetrical (opposed) wounds, with angular margins and elongated aspect (somehow specific to bite wounds). All cases assessed presented laceration of the skin from the subcutaneous tissue, rupture of muscle and (in some cases) perforation of internal organs. The features of the bite-marks described were typical for carnivores. Depending on the species involved, the topography of lesions varied. In deer, the ventrolateral area of the neck and the lumbar/dorsal region were more commonly affected. The distribution suggests the hunting instinct of carnivores by trying to induce suffocation of the prey. In the analyzed dog corpses, the most affected areas were the auricular, limbs, sternal region, abdominal region. Investigation of bite-marks is an evolving field of forensic veterinary science and remains a provocation for veterinary pathologists.

scholarly journals LO035: The prevalence of alcohol-related trauma recidivism: a systematic review

CJEM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S42-S42
Author(s):  
R. Green ◽  
J. Nunn ◽  
M. Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Weighted Estimate ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Trauma Recidivism

Introduction: Recurrent admission to a hospital or trauma centre for separate incidents of traumatic injury is known as trauma recidivism. Although use of alcohol is a known risk factor for injury and associated with trauma recidivism, the scale of alcohol-related trauma recidivism has not been well described. The purpose of this review was to search the published literature for studies that evaluated the prevalence of alcohol use among trauma recidivists. Our primary objective was to determine the proportion of trauma recidivism related to alcohol use. The association between alcohol and trauma recidivism was evaluated as a secondary objective. Methods: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science) were searched from inception until December 2015 for all articles that might provide evidence on the proportion of trauma recidivism related to use of alcohol. After removal of duplicates, the search strategy yielded 2470 records for screening. Only primary studies that reported on repeated admissions to a hospital or trauma center for traumatic injuries specifically related to alcohol use were included. Descriptive statistics were used to assess study characteristics and the prevalence of trauma recidivism related to alcohol use. An aggregate weighted estimate of alcohol-related trauma recidivism was calculated. Results: A total of 12 studies met all inclusion criteria. Studies were published between 1989 and 2014. Overall, there were 3386 trauma recidivists among included studies. The proportion of trauma recidivists with evidence of alcohol use on admission ranged from 26.7% to 76.9% (median 46.4%). The aggregated sample produced a weighted estimate of 41.0% (1388/3386) for alcohol-related trauma recidivism. In four studies, the association between alcohol and trauma recidivism was examined; all four found a positive association between alcohol use and repeated admission for traumatic injury. Studies varied considerably in design, trauma populations, periods for evaluating recidivism, definitions for positive alcohol on admission, and methods used to determine alcohol use. Conclusion: Evidence from current literature suggests that 41.0% of trauma recidivism is related to use of alcohol. Due to methodological limitations among the studies included for review, this may underestimate the actual prevalence of alcohol-related trauma recidivism.

scholarly journals Public Health Impact of Hospital-Acquired Infections on Traumatic Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ektha Parchuri ◽  
Roopa Koduri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Blunt traumatic injuries leading cause of death, with TBI and hemorrhage >91% of all deaths, amounting to $37.8 billion per year. Traumatic patients are at high risk for developing infection, where infected patients are more likely to have been ventilated or have had multiple surgical procedures, exposing to ventilatorassociated pneumonia and other infections. Elevated cytokine levels post-infection affect patient mortality, making it a large public health issue. Lack of data centered around gender and ethnicity confounds the impact of this disease. Large Pittsburgh hospitals with capacity >300 report worse infection ratings than US baseline measures. Risk factors for infection including age and duration of hospital stay, directly affecting severity of traumatic injury. Infection should not be viewed as a confounder impacting mortality but rather an outcome arising from trauma.

Antibioresistance of Microbial Strains Implicated in the Etiology of Sepsis with Oro-Maxillofacial Portal of Entry

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-240
Author(s):  
Simona Constantinescu ◽  
Claudia Elena Plesca ◽  
Paraschiva Postolache ◽  
Mihaela Catalina Luca
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Portal Of Entry

Methicillin-resistance phenomenon regarding Staphylococcus aureus which is often met as etiologic agent of severe systemic infections with oral-maxillofacial portal of entry imposes the first-line therapeutic schemes readjustment in patients with significant risk factors. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for every isolated S.aureus strain is useful for the antibiotherapy guiding, in order to choose the appropriate antimicrobial substances and to avoid the selection of resistant mutants. There have been studied and tested 9036 bacterial strains isolated from patients hospitalized in the Sf.Spiridon Emergency County Hospital between 2013-2016. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), MIC 50 and MIC 90 values were determined for the following antibiotics: Penycilline, Erithromycin, Oxacylline, Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Tobramycine, Kanamycin, Ryfampicyn, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Ofloxacine, Ciprofloxacine and Vancomycin.The classification of each identified bacterial strain into sensitive or resistant was accomplished according to the breakpoints recommended by CLSI 2016 (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute). We considered intermediately susceptible isolates as being resistant. S.aureus antibioresistance was high to tetracycline, erythromycin and kanamycin, with elevated MIC 90 values (64�g). The rate of resistance to penicillin in the case of S.aureus was 94.7%. The lowest MIC values regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa were for imipenem, meropenem and colistin and the highest ones for piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime and amikacin. Third generation cephalosporins demonstrated their inefficiency in the staphylococcal infections� treatment as a consequence of an increasing resistance to this category of betalactams. Vancomycin remains a saving in-hospital therapeutic option in the case of MRSA implication, next to teicoplanin and linezolid.

EFFECTIVENESS OF CORRECTION OF PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL STRESS IN CHILDREN WITH TRAUMATIC INJURY TO SOFT TISSUES AND FACIAL BONES

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1463-1468
Author(s):  
Pavlo I. Tkachenko ◽  
Natalia M. Lokhmatova ◽  
Serhii O. Bilokon ◽  
Yuliia V. Popelo ◽  
Olha B. Dolenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The aim: To study the effectiveness of correction of psycho-emotional stress in children with traumatic injuries of the tissues of the maxillofacial area. Materials and methods: A comprehensive examination and treatment of 58 children aged 3 to 15 years with traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial area were conducted during the period of 5 years. This applied to soft tissue injuries in 51.7% of cases and in 48.3% - to facial bone injuries. To test the severity of the psycho-emotional state, two homogeneous groups were formed in a total of 41 persons of primary and secondary school age. Results: A comparison of the results of our previous studies, which concerned only the fact of psychological testing and changes in vegetative balance in children with traumatic injuries with a group of patients who underwent comprehensive treatment with additional involvement of targeted psychoneuropharmacological correction allowed to establish, that this approach made it possible to eliminate vegetative disorders and reduce the degree of stress in them for 9-10 days from the time of hospitalization. Conclusions: In children with traumatic injuries of soft tissues and bones of the face, dysregulation of vegetative function and intensity of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms of the body with the predominance of the central mechanism of regulation. With the additional involvement of the drug “Noofen®” in the complex of therapeutic measures, it allows to stabilize their psychological state, which indicates its effectiveness.

HEMODYNAMIC CHANGES IN PATIENTS TREATED FOR HYPOVOLEMIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
Udaykumar Jaihind Khasage ◽  
Mahesh Krishnamurthy ◽  
Ganesh BS ◽  
Bharath Kempanna ◽  
Mahesh Hatti
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Abdominal Organ ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Major Vessel ◽  
The World ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study

INTRODUCTION: Traumatic causes can result from penetrating and blunt trauma. Common traumatic injuries that can result in hemorrhagic shock include the following: myocardial laceration and rupture, major vessel laceration, solid abdominal organ injury, pelvic and femoral fractures, and scalp lacerations. Every individual in the world is at risk for traumatic injury. METHODOLOGY:The study was conducted in 50 patients and 50 controls who visited the Emergency Department. This is a prospective comparative study conducted in the adult Emergency Department. Heart rate w RESULTS: as more in the pre-uid resuscitation with a mean of 114.40 compared to the 100.30 in the post-uid resuscitation group Systolic blood pressure wa CONCLUSION: s lesser in the pre-uid resuscitation with a mean of 76.84 compared to the 101.08 in the post-uid resuscitation group

Dental Plaque Flora of the Dog with Reference to Fastidious and Anaerobic Bacteria Associated with Bites

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Allaker ◽  
K. A. Young ◽  
T. Langlois ◽  
R. de Rosayro ◽  
J. M. Hardie
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Canine Tooth ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Bite Wounds ◽  
The Right ◽  
Individual Plaque

Animal bite wounds are amongst the most common types of traumatic injuries in humans. The organisms isolated from these wounds generally reflect the oral flora of the biting animal and may be fastidious in nature and difficult to identify. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Eikenella corrodens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp. in supragingival dental plaque collected from the right maxillary canine and carnassial teeth and the right mandibular canine tooth of dogs. In part one of the study, 30 dogs were used. E. corrodens was found in 62% of these dogs and 44% of individual plaque samples. A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in any of the dogs sampled. In pan two, 34 dogs were used to determine the prevalence of the black pigmented anaerobic bacilli (Porphyromonas and Prevotella spp.). Porphyromonas gingivalis was present in 68% of these dogs and 47% of individual plaque samples. Prevotella intermedia was present in 44% of the dogs and 23% of individual plaque samples. The recently described Porphyromonas canoris, Porphyromonas salivosa, Porphyromonas cangingivalis, Porphyromonas cansulci, Porphyromonas crevioricanis and Prevotella denticola species were isolated from only 9%, 6%, 3%, 3%, 3% and 3% of dogs respectively. Porphyromonas gingivicanis was not isolated from any of the animals sampled. In conclusion, black-pigmented anaerobic bacilli were isolated from 91% of the animals sampled and therefore constitute a significant risk with respect to bite wound infections. It is also suggested that the prevalence of E. corrodens in wound infections has been underestimated in previous reports because of use of inappropriate techniques for detecting this organism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document