Public Health Impact of Hospital-Acquired Infections on Traumatic Patients

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppij1cx.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ektha Parchuri ◽

Roopa Koduri

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Health Impact ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Traumatic Injuries ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

The Impact

Blunt traumatic injuries leading cause of death, with TBI and hemorrhage >91% of all deaths, amounting to $37.8 billion per year. Traumatic patients are at high risk for developing infection, where infected patients are more likely to have been ventilated or have had multiple surgical procedures, exposing to ventilatorassociated pneumonia and other infections. Elevated cytokine levels post-infection affect patient mortality, making it a large public health issue. Lack of data centered around gender and ethnicity confounds the impact of this disease. Large Pittsburgh hospitals with capacity >300 report worse infection ratings than US baseline measures. Risk factors for infection including age and duration of hospital stay, directly affecting severity of traumatic injury. Infection should not be viewed as a confounder impacting mortality but rather an outcome arising from trauma.

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DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI TPA

Wawasan Kesehatan Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.33485/jiik-wk.v5i2.138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emilda Emilda

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Hand Hygiene ◽

Waste Management ◽

Qualitative Data ◽

Water Storage ◽

Health Impact ◽

Clean Water ◽

The People ◽

Clean Environment ◽

The Impact

The limitations of waste management in the Cipayung Landfill (TPA) causing a buildup of garbage up to more than 30 meters. This condition has a health impact on people in Cipayung Village. This study aims to analyze the impact of waste management at Cipayung Landfill on public health in Cipayung Village, Depok City. The research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation. Based on interviews with 30 respondents, it was found that the most common diseases were diarrhea, then other types of stomach ailments, subsequent itching on the skin and coughing. This is presumably because the environmental conditions in the form of unhealthy air and water and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) have not become the habit of the people. The results indicated that there were no respondents who had implemented all of these criteria. In general respondents have implemented 3 criteria, namely maintaining hair hygiene, maintaining skin cleanliness, and maintaining hand hygiene. While maintaining clean water storage is the most often overlooked behavior. To minimize this health impact, improvements in waste management in Cipayung landfill are needed along with continuous socialization and education to develop PHBS habits and the importance of maintaining a clean environment.

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Impact of the Affordable Care Act’s Dependent Coverage Expansion on the Health Care and Health Status of Young Adults: What Do We Know So Far?

Medical Care Research and Review ◽

10.1177/1077558716682171 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 131-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Joshua Breslau ◽

Bradley D. Stein ◽

Bing Han ◽

Shoshanna Shelton ◽

Hao Yu

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Status ◽

Insurance Coverage ◽

Health Impact ◽

Care Utilization ◽

The Public ◽

Behavioral Health Treatment ◽

Coverage Expansion ◽

Dependent Coverage ◽

The Impact

The dependent coverage expansion (DCE), a component of the Affordable Care Act, required private health insurance policies that cover dependents to offer coverage for policyholders’ children through age 25. This review summarizes peer-reviewed research on the impact of the DCE on the chain of consequences through which it could affect public health. Specifically, we examine the impact of the DCE on insurance coverage, access to care, utilization of care, and health status. All studies find that the DCE increased insurance coverage, but evidence regarding downstream impacts is inconsistent. There is evidence that the DCE reduced high out-of-pocket expenditures and frequent emergency room visits and increased behavioral health treatment. Evidence regarding the impact of the DCE on health is sparse but suggestive of positive impacts on self-rated health and health behavior. Inferences regarding the public health impact of the DCE await studies with greater methodological diversity and longer follow-up periods.

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Using RE-AIM to examine the potential public health impact of an integrated collaborative care intervention for weight and depression management in primary care: Results from the RAINBOW trial

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0248339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0248339

Author(s):

Megan A. Lewis ◽

Laura K. Wagner ◽

Lisa G. Rosas ◽

Nan Lv ◽

Elizabeth M. Venditti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Primary Care ◽

Collaborative Care ◽

Health Impact ◽

Public Health Impact ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Framework Analysis ◽

Care Intervention ◽

The Impact

Background An integrated collaborative care intervention was used to treat primary care patients with comorbid obesity and depression in a randomized clinical trial. To increase wider uptake and dissemination, information is needed on translational potential. Methods The trial collected longitudinal, qualitative data at baseline, 6 months (end of intensive treatment), 12 months (end of maintenance treatment), and 24 months (end of follow-up). Semi-structured interviews (n = 142) were conducted with 54 out of 409 randomly selected trial participants and 37 other stakeholders, such as recruitment staff, intervention staff, and clinicians. Using a Framework Analysis approach, we examined themes across time and stakeholder groups according to the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework. Results At baseline, participants and other stakeholders reported being skeptical of the collaborative care approach related to some RE-AIM dimensions. However, over time they indicated greater confidence regarding the potential for future public health impact. They also provided information on barriers and actionable information to enhance program reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Conclusions RE-AIM provided a useful framework for understanding how to increase the impact of a collaborative and integrative approach for treating comorbid obesity and depression. It also demonstrates the utility of using the framework as a planning tool early in the evidence-generation pipeline.

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O’Cionnfaola v. the Wellcome Foundation and Daniel McCarthy

Strangling Angel ◽

10.5949/liverpool/9781786940469.003.0007 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 126-143

Author(s):

Michael Dwyer

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

State Intervention ◽

Active Immunization ◽

Free State ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Childhood Immunization ◽

Immunization Programme ◽

The Social ◽

Vaccine Confidence ◽

The Impact

Chapter six argues that by the end of 1936, the Irish Free State had come close to incepting an operational national anti-diphtheria immunization scheme. This is a noteworthy achievement, as state-backed anti-diphtheria schemes were not introduced as an intervention against this pressing public health issue in the rest of Europe until 1938 and were only pursued with any vigour when wartime conditions exacerbated the problem from 1940 onwards. If it had progressed unimpeded, the Free State intervention seemed destined to eliminate diphtheria, and to become the first established national childhood immunization programme in Europe. However, the death of Siobhán O’Cionnfaola in April 1937, and the subsequent controversy surrounding the Ring incident, asked serious questions of active immunization and ultimately undermined vaccine confidence among parents, practitioners, and politicians. This chapter will evaluate the impact of the Ring controversy and the social, political and medical implications left in the wake of the incident.

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Highly sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus by a THz metamaterial biosensor based on gold nanoparticles and rolling circle amplification

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d0ra03116j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (45) ◽

pp. 26824-26833 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ke Yang ◽

Wenjing Yu ◽

Guorong Huang ◽

Jie Zhou ◽

Xiang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Rolling Circle Amplification ◽

Rolling Circle ◽

Hospital Acquired Infections ◽

Food Borne ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Food Borne Illness ◽

Highly Sensitive Detection ◽

Hospital Acquired ◽

The Impact

A highly sensitive method for detecting Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is urgently needed to reduce the impact and spread of hospital-acquired infections and food-borne illness.

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Physician Wellness Is an Ethical and Public Health Issue

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599818773296 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 158 (6) ◽

pp. 970-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rosandra Walker ◽

Harold Pine

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Well Being ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Health And Wellness ◽

Physician Burnout ◽

Sustainable Change ◽

Ethical Implications ◽

Physician Wellness ◽

Hospital Systems ◽

The Impact

Attention to physician well-being has traditionally focused on substance abuse, usually with disciplinary implications. But, in recent years, greater notice has been granted toward physician burnout and overall wellness. Burnout and its sequelae not only affect physicians and physicians-in-training as individuals, but the impact then multiplies as it affects these physicians’ patients, colleagues, and hospital systems. In addition, the American Medical Association Code of Medical Ethics charges physicians with a responsibility to maintain their own health and wellness as well as promote that of their colleagues. Therefore, the question of physician wellness has both public health and ethical implications. The causes of burnout are multifactorial, and the solutions to sustainable change are multitiered.

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The Impact of Human Genetic Polymorphisms on Rotavirus Susceptibility, Epidemiology, and Vaccine Take

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12030324 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 324 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sumit Sharma ◽

Marie Hagbom ◽

Lennart Svensson ◽

Johan Nordgren

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Immune Response ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Health Impact ◽

Human Populations ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Receptor Ligand ◽

The Impact

Innate resistance to viral infections can be attributed to mutations in genes involved in the immune response, or to the receptor/ligand. A remarkable example of the latter is the recently described Mendelian trait resistance to clinically important and globally predominating genotypes of rotavirus, the most common agent of severe dehydrating gastroenteritis in children worldwide. This resistance appears to be rotavirus genotype-dependent and is mainly mediated by histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), which function as a receptor or attachment factors on gut epithelial surfaces. HBGA synthesis is mediated by fucosyltransferases and glycosyltransferases under the genetic control of the FUT2 (secretor), FUT3 (Lewis), and ABO (H) genes on chromosome 19. Significant genotypic and phenotypic diversity of HBGA expression exists between different human populations. This genetic diversity has an effect on genotype-specific susceptibility, molecular epidemiology, and vaccine take. Here, we will discuss studies on genetic susceptibility to rotavirus infection and place them in the context of population susceptibility, rotavirus epidemiology, vaccine take, and public health impact.

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The Public Health Implications of Brexit: A Health Impact Assessment Approach

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.139 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

L Green

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Impact Assessment ◽

Health Impact Assessment ◽

Health Impact ◽

Complex Nature ◽

The Public ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu ◽

Public Bodies

Abstract On March 29th 2019, the United Kingdom (UK) was due to exit the EU in a process known informally as ’Brexit’. This exit and entry into a 2-year transition is a period of unprecedented political and social upheaval - with many unknowns and much uncertainty attached to the outcomes and future impact. In preparation for Brexit, Public Health Wales commissioned the Wales HIA Support Unit to carry out a health impact assessment of Brexit in Wales to support and inform its and other public bodies planning and future work. This paper examines the unique HIA carried out between July and December 2018 on the impact of the UK withdrawal from the EU in Wales. It discusses the robust, participatory process undertaken, the stakeholders involved and the benefits reaped from this. It highlights the evidence gathered and analysed including the collection methods, the complex nature of the work and disseminates the main findings from the HIA including the potential determinants of health and population groups identified. Finally, it describes the challenges faced, how these were overcome, and the huge benefits, impact and influence it has had to date across a wide range of UK and Welsh organisations and public bodies. This work demonstrates continued leadership in the field of impact assessment and spearheads the requirement for public bodies to carry out HIAs as part of the forthcoming statutory requirements of the Public Health (Wales) Act 2017 an can inform practice at a global level. Key messages HIA can inform and influence action in response to important strategic decisions. The Brexit HIA is a unique example which can inform international HIA practice.

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The prevention of female genital mutilation in England: what can be done?

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdy128 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. e261-e266 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E Plugge ◽

S Adam ◽

L El Hindi ◽

J Gitau ◽

N Shodunke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Female Genital Mutilation ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Criminal Offence ◽

Genital Mutilation ◽

Awareness Raising ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact ◽

Female Genital

Abstract Background Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a global public health issue. Women in the UK are at risk of FGM and its adverse health consequences but little is known about its practice. Since 1985 it has been a criminal offence to perform FGM in the UK and further legislation has tightened the law but FGM continues. Methods Four community researchers from the Kenyan, Nigerian, Somalian and Sudanese communities in Oxford conducted focus groups and interviews with 53 people to understand the communities’ beliefs about how best to prevent FGM. Results Participants believed that the current UK legislation alone was not sufficient to tackle FGM and might in fact be counterproductive by alienating communities through its perceived imposition. They felt that there had been insufficient consultation with affected communities, awareness raising and education about the legislation. Community-led solutions were the most effective way to tackle FGM. Conclusions FGM adversely affects communities globally. In the UK, researchers from affected communities gathered data demonstrating the feasibility and importance of involving communities in FGM prevention work. Further research is needed to understand how best to prevent FGM in affected communities and, very importantly, to examine the impact of the UK legislation relating to FGM.

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