Milk yield, milk composition, and milk metabolomics of dairy goats intramammary-challenged with lipopolysaccharide under heat stress conditions

The aim of this research was to observe the effect of heat stress on milk yield and milk compositions of Holstein Friesian crossbred (HF) dairy cows. To fulfill the objectives, a total of 9 Holstein Friesian crossbred cows were selected for this study. Green grasses (German, Para) were supplied adlibitum and concentrate feeds (mixture of wheat bran, rice polish, mustard oil cake, di-calcium phosphate and salt) were supplied at the rate of 2.0 kg/day/cow. Management practices for all the cows were similar following the BAU Dairy farm practices. Data were collected on milk yield (l/h/d), relative humidity (%) and barn temperature (0C). The obtained temperature humidity index (THI) of July, August, September and October were 84.95, 81.99, 81.40 and 79.57, respectively. The highest THI was found in July which indicated higher heat stress during this month. A significant difference (p<0.05) in milk yield of cows was found among different months of July to October. The highest milk yield (6.10±0.50 l/h/d) was found in October among observed months. The compositions of milk such as total solids (TS), solids-not-fat (SNF), fat, protein, lactose, and ash also differed significantly (p<0.01). The highest values (%) of TS, SNF, fat, protein, lactose and ash content of milk were found in October as 12.63, 8.80, 3.83, 3.69, 4.39 and 0.72, respectively and lowest values (%) were in July as 12.20, 8.50, 3.71, 3.50, 4.30 and 0.69, respectively due to the high THI value. From these results, it is concluded that heat stress has strong effect on milk yield and milk composition of HF cows in Bangladesh. Management strategies are needed to minimize heat stress and attain optimal dairy animal performance.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2016, 2(2): 190-195

Download Full-text

EFFECT OF JATROPHA CAKE ON MILK YIELD, MILK COMPOSITION, SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL BODY REACTION, BLOOD COMPOSITION, ESTRUS INCIDENCE AND PREGNANCY RATE IN ZARAIBI DAIRY GOATS

Egyptian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.21608/ejap.2011.101097 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 105-117

Keyword(s):

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Blood Composition ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Jatropha Cake

Download Full-text

Effects of Once Versus Twice Daily Milking Throughout Lactation on Milk Yield and Milk Composition in Dairy Goats

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(03)73753-9 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 1673-1680 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

A.A.K. Salama ◽

X. Such ◽

G. Caja ◽

M. Rovai ◽

R. Casals ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Dairy Goats

Download Full-text

The effect of hot season and nutrition on the oxidative status and metabolic profile in dairy goats during mid lactation

Animal Science ◽

10.1079/asc200672 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 717-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

A. Di Trana ◽

P. Celi ◽

S. Claps ◽

V. Fedele ◽

R. Rubino

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Metabolic Profile ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Natural Pasture ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Hot Season

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the hot season and nutrition on the oxidative status and metabolic profile of lactating goats during mid lactation. Twenty-four Red Syrian goats were allocated into three groups that were offered the following diets: natural pasture (P), pasture+500 g/h per day of concentrate (PC) and hay plus 500 g/h per day of concentrate (HC). Blood samples were taken in spring (85±7 days in milk (DIM)) and summer (120±7 DIM) and assayed for reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), α-tocopherol, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, non-esterified fatty acids, total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (GHS-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Milk yield and milk composition were also measured. SOD, GSH-Px and ROMs levels increased during summer when temperature humidity index values were high. The increase in ROMs in the PC and HC groups could be ascribed to the improved nutritional regime and to their higher production level. The markers of the oxidative status and of the metabolic profile measured in this study indicate that goats may have experienced moderate oxidative stress. It seems that, seasonal rather than nutritional factors have a more pronounced effect on oxidative status markers. Concentrate supplementation sustained milk yield and may represent a useful means to extend the lactation period in dairy goats during late spring and summer.

Download Full-text

Effect of bromelain on milk yield, milk composition and mammary health in dairy goats

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-008-9213-7 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 493-498 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Contreras ◽

M. J. Paape ◽

R. H. Miller ◽

J. C. Corrales ◽

C. Luengo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Dairy Goats

Download Full-text

Physiological responses and lactational performances of late-lactation dairy goats under heat stress conditions

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2013-6665 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 96 (10) ◽

pp. 6355-6365 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

S. Hamzaoui ◽

A.A.K. Salama ◽

E. Albanell ◽

X. Such ◽

G. Caja

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Dairy Goats

Download Full-text

Heat stress modifies the lactational performances and the urinary metabolomic profile related to gastrointestinal microbiota of dairy goats

10.1101/385930 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Contreras-Jodar ◽

Nazri Nayan ◽

Soufiane Hamzaoui ◽

Gerardo Caja ◽

Ahmed A.K. Salama

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Metabolomic Profile ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Toxic Compounds ◽

H Nmr

AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify the candidate biomarkers of heat stress (HS) in the urine of lactating dairy goats through the application of proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomic analysis. Dairy does (n = 16) in mid-lactation were submitted to thermal neutral (TN; indoors; 15 to 20°C; 40 to 45% humidity) or HS (climatic chamber; 37°C day, 30°C night; 40% humidity) conditions according to a crossover design (2 periods of 21 days). Thermophysiological traits and lactational performances were recorded and milk composition analyzed during each period. Urine samples were collected at day 15 of each period for 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) assessment with cross validation were used to identify the goat urinary metabolome from Human Metabolome Data Base. HS increased rectal temperature (1.2°C), respiratory rate (3.5-fold) and water intake (74%), but decreased feed intake (35%) and body weight (5%) of the lactating does. No differences were detected in milk yield, but HS decreased the milk contents of fat (9%), protein (16%) and lactose (5%). Metabolomics allowed separating TN and HS urinary clusters by PLS-DA. Most discriminating metabolites were hippurate and other phenylalanine (Phe) derivative compounds, which increased in HS vs. TN does. The greater excretion of these gut-derived toxic compounds indicated that HS induced a harmful gastrointestinal microbiota overgrowth, which should have sequestrated aromatic amino acids for their metabolism and decreased the synthesis of neurotransmitters and thyroid hormones, with negative impact on milk yield and composition. In conclusion, HS markedly changed the thermophysiological traits and lactational performances of dairy goats, which were translated into their urinary metabolomic profile through the presence of gut-derived toxic compounds. Hippurate and other Phe-derivative compounds are suggested as urinary biomarkers to detect heat stressed dairy animals in practice.

Download Full-text

Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

10.5194/esd-2019-15 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sabrina Hempel ◽

Christoph Menz ◽

Severino Pinto ◽

Elena Galán ◽

David Janke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Animal Welfare ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Climate Model ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Gas Concentration ◽

Cattle Husbandry

Abstract. In the last decades, an exceptional global warming trend was observed. Along with the temperature increase, modifications in the humidity and wind regime amplify the regional and local impacts on livestock husbandry. Direct impacts include the occurrence of climatic stress conditions. In Europe, cows are economically highly relevant and are mainly kept in naturally ventilated buildings that are most susceptible to climate change. The high-yielding cows are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Modifications in housing management are the main measures taken to improve the ability of livestock to cope with these conditions. Measures are, however, typically taken in direct reaction to uncomfortable conditions instead of in anticipation of a long term risk for climatic stress. Moreover, measures that balance welfare, environmental and economic issues are barely investigated in the context of climate change and are thus almost not available for commercial farms. Quantitative analysis of the climate change impacts on the animal welfare and linked economic and environmental factors are rare. Therefore, we used a numerical modeling approach to estimate the future heat stress risk in such dairy cattle husbandry systems. The indoor climate was monitored inside three reference barns in Central Europe and in the Mediterranean region. An artificial neuronal network (ANN) was trained to relate the outdoor weather conditions provided by official meteorological weather stations to the measured indoor microclimate. Subsequently, this ANN model was driven by an ensemble of regional climate model projections with three different greenhouse gas concentration scenarios. For the evaluation of the heat stress risk, we considered the amount and duration of heat stress events. Based on the changes of the heat stress events various economic and environmental impacts were estimated. We found that the impacts of the projected increase of heat stress risk vary dependent on the region respectively the barn, the climate model and the assumed greenhouse gas concentration. There was an overall increasing trend in number and duration of heat stress events. At the end of the century, the number of annual stress events can be expected to increase by up to 2000 hours while the average duration of the events increases by up to 22 h compared to the end of the last century. This implies strong impacts on economics, environment and animal welfare and an urgent need for mid-term adaptation strategies. We anticipated that up to one tenth of all hours of a year respectively one third of all days will be classified as critical heat stress conditions. Due to heat stress, milk yield may decrease by about 3.5 % relative to the present European milk yield and farmers may expect financial losses in the summer season of about 6.6 % of their monthly income. In addition, an increasing demand for emission reduction measures must be expected, as an emission increase of about 16 Gg ammonia and 0.1 Gg methane per year can be expected under the anticipated heat stress conditions. The cattle respiration rate increases by up to 60 % and the standing time may be prolonged by 1 h. This promotes health issues and increases the probability of medical treatments. The various impacts imply feedback loops in the climate system which are presently underexplored. Hence, future in-depth studies on the different impacts and adaptation options at different stress levels are highly recommended.

Download Full-text