scholarly journals Heat stress modifies the lactational performances and the urinary metabolomic profile related to gastrointestinal microbiota of dairy goats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Contreras-Jodar ◽  
Nazri Nayan ◽  
Soufiane Hamzaoui ◽  
Gerardo Caja ◽  
Ahmed A.K. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
H Nmr

AbstractThe aim of the study was to identify the candidate biomarkers of heat stress (HS) in the urine of lactating dairy goats through the application of proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomic analysis. Dairy does (n = 16) in mid-lactation were submitted to thermal neutral (TN; indoors; 15 to 20°C; 40 to 45% humidity) or HS (climatic chamber; 37°C day, 30°C night; 40% humidity) conditions according to a crossover design (2 periods of 21 days). Thermophysiological traits and lactational performances were recorded and milk composition analyzed during each period. Urine samples were collected at day 15 of each period for 1H NMR spectroscopy analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) assessment with cross validation were used to identify the goat urinary metabolome from Human Metabolome Data Base. HS increased rectal temperature (1.2°C), respiratory rate (3.5-fold) and water intake (74%), but decreased feed intake (35%) and body weight (5%) of the lactating does. No differences were detected in milk yield, but HS decreased the milk contents of fat (9%), protein (16%) and lactose (5%). Metabolomics allowed separating TN and HS urinary clusters by PLS-DA. Most discriminating metabolites were hippurate and other phenylalanine (Phe) derivative compounds, which increased in HS vs. TN does. The greater excretion of these gut-derived toxic compounds indicated that HS induced a harmful gastrointestinal microbiota overgrowth, which should have sequestrated aromatic amino acids for their metabolism and decreased the synthesis of neurotransmitters and thyroid hormones, with negative impact on milk yield and composition. In conclusion, HS markedly changed the thermophysiological traits and lactational performances of dairy goats, which were translated into their urinary metabolomic profile through the presence of gut-derived toxic compounds. Hippurate and other Phe-derivative compounds are suggested as urinary biomarkers to detect heat stressed dairy animals in practice.

Metabolic characterization of amniotic fluids of fetuses with enlarged nuchal translucency

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambra Iuculano ◽  
Federica Murgia ◽  
Cristina Peddes ◽  
Maria Laura Santoru ◽  
Laura Tronci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nuchal Translucency ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aneuploidy Screening ◽  
H Nmr

Abstract Background In prenatal diagnosis, a thickened nuchal translucency (NT) is one of the most sensitive and specific markers for several defects but it may also be found in 5% of healthy fetuses. The pathophysiological causes that lead to an increase in NT are not yet fully understood. Metabolomics represents a new promising approach, useful for studying different metabolites in biological organisms in response to environmental stressors. The aim of our study was to investigate the metabolomic profile of the amniotic fluid samples (AFS) of euploid fetuses with enlarged nuchal translucency (ENT) compared to a control group (C group). Methods This study was carried out on a group of women who underwent second-trimester amniocentesis for advanced maternal age (C group) or for NT ≥95th percentile (ENT group) found during first-trimester aneuploidy screening. AFS were analyzed with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and subsequent multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were conducted, followed by pathway analysis. Results In total, 67 AFS from the C group and 23 from the ENT group were analyzed. Partial least square discriminate analysis was carried out (R2X=0.784, R2Y=0.658, Q2=0.622, P<0.0001). A different metabolic profile was observed in the ENT group compared with the C group, suggesting an energetic shift to a glycolytic phenotype in an oxidative environment in the ENT group compared to the C group. Conclusion Metabolomic studies enable the identification of metabolic alterations occurring in fetuses with ENT. These findings may provide a new basis for better understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms in this prenatal phenomenon.

scholarly journals Heat stress modifies the lactational performances and the urinary metabolomic profile related to gastrointestinal microbiota of dairy goats

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e0202457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Contreras-Jodar ◽  
Nazri Hj. Nayan ◽  
Soufiane Hamzaoui ◽  
Gerardo Caja ◽  
Ahmed A. K. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota

scholarly journals 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolite profiling of guava leaf extract: an attempt to develop a prototype for standardization of plant extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasi S. Gholkar ◽  
Jia V. Li ◽  
Poonam G. Daswani ◽  
P. Tetali ◽  
Tannaz J. Birdi
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
E Coli ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Guava Leaf

Abstract Background Herbal medicines are fast gaining popularity. However, their acceptability by modern practitioners is low which is often due to lack of standardization. Several approaches towards standardization of herbals have been employed. The current study attempted to recognize key peaks from 1H NMR spectra which together would comprise of a spectral fingerprint relating to efficacy of Psidium guajava (guava) leaf extract as an antidiarrhoeal when a number of unidentified active principles are involved. Methods Ninety samples of guava leaves were collected from three locations over three seasons. Hydroalcoholic (water and ethanol, 50:50) extracts of these samples were prepared and their 1H NMR spectra were acquired. Spectra were also obtained for quercetin, ferulic acid and gallic acid as standards. Eight bioassays reflecting different stages of diarrhoeal pathogenesis were undertaken and based on pre-decided cut-offs, the extracts were classified as ‘good’ or ‘poor’ extracts. The bioactivity data was then correlated with the 1H NMR profiles using Regression or Orthogonal Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). Results OPLS-DA showed seasonal and regional segregation of extracts. Significant models were established for seven bioassays, namely those for anti-bacterial activity against Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholerae, adherence of E. coli, invasion of E. coli and S. flexneri and production and binding of toxin produced by V. cholerae. It was observed that none of the extracts were good or bad across all the bioassays. The spectral analysis showed multiple peaks correlating with a particular activity. Based on NMR and LC-MS/MS, it was noted that the extracts contained quercetin, ferulic acid and gallic acid. However, they did not correlate with the peaks that segregated extracts with good and poor activity. Conclusions The current study identified key peaks in 1H NMR spectra contributing to the anti-diarrhoeal activity of guava leaf extracts. The approach of using spectral fingerprinting employed in the present study can thus be used as a prototype towards standardization of plant extracts with respect to efficacy.

scholarly journals Inclusion of bioclimatic variables in genetic evaluations of dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Negri ◽  
Ignacio Aguilar ◽  
Giovani Luis Feltes ◽  
Juliana Dementshuk Machado ◽  
José Braccini Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

Objective: Considering the importance of dairy farming and the negative effects of heat stress, more tolerant genotypes need to be identified. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heat stress via temperature-humidity index (THI) and diurnal temperature variation (DTV) in the genetic evaluations for daily milk yield of Holstein dairy cattle, using random regression models.Methods: The data comprised 94,549 test-day records of 11,294 first parity Holstein cows from Brazil, collected from 1997 to 2013, and bioclimatic data (THI and DTV) from 18 weather stations. Least square linear regression models were used to determine the THI and DTV thresholds for milk yield losses caused by heat stress. In addition to the standard model (SM, without bioclimatic variables), THI and DTV were combined in various ways and tested for different days, totaling 41 models.Results: The THI and DTV thresholds for milk yield losses was THI = 74 (–0.106 kg/d/THI) and DTV = 13 (–0.045 kg/d/DTV). The model that included THI and DTV as fixed effects, considering the two-day average, presented better fit (–2logL, Akaike information criterion, and Bayesian information criterion). The estimated breeding values (EBVs) and the reliabilities of the EBVs improved when using this model.Conclusion: Sires are re-ranking when heat stress indicators are included in the model. Genetic evaluation using the mean of two days of THI and DTV as fixed effect, improved EBVs and EBVs reliability.

scholarly journals Effect of chronic and acute heat challenges on fecal microbiota composition, production, and thermoregulation traits in growing pigs1,2

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 3845-3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathilde Le Sciellour ◽  
Olivier Zemb ◽  
Isabelle Hochu ◽  
Juliette Riquet ◽  
Hélène Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Classification Error ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The present study aimed at investigating the impact of heat challenges on gut microbiota composition in growing pigs and its relationship with pigs’ performance and thermoregulation responses. From a total of 10 F1 sire families, 558 and 564 backcross Large White × Créole pigs were raised and phenotyped from 11 to 23 wk of age in temperate (TEMP) and in tropical (TROP) climates, respectively. In TEMP, all pigs were subjected to an acute heat challenge (3 wk at 29 °C) from 23 to 26 wk of age. Feces samples were collected at 23 wk of age both in TEMP and TROP climate (TEMP23 and TROP23 samples, respectively) and at 26 wk of age in TEMP climate (TEMP26 samples) for 16S rRNA analyses of fecal microbiota composition. The fecal microbiota composition significantly differed between the 3 environments. Using a generalized linear model on microbiota composition, 182 operational taxonomic units (OTU) and 2 pathways were differentially abundant between TEMP23 and TEMP26, and 1,296 OTU and 20 pathways between TEMP23 and TROP23. Using fecal samples collected at 23 wk of age, pigs raised under the 2 climates were discriminated with 36 OTU using a sparse partial least square discriminant analysis that had a mean classification error-rate of 1.7%. In contrast, pigs in TEMP before the acute heat challenge could be discriminated from the pigs in TEMP after the heat challenge with 32 OTU and 9.3% error rate. The microbiota can be used as biomarker of heat stress exposition. Microbiota composition revealed that pigs were separated into 2 enterotypes. The enterotypes were represented in both climates. Whatever the climate, animals belonging to the Turicibacter–Sarcina–Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype were 3.3 kg heavier (P < 0.05) at 11 wk of age than those belonging to the Lactobacillus-dominated enterotype. This latter enterotype was related to a 0.3 °C lower skin temperature (P < 0.05) at 23 wk of age. Following the acute heat challenge in TEMP, this enterotype had a less-stable rectal temperature (0.34 vs. 0.25 °C variation between weeks 23 and 24, P < 0.05) without affecting growth performance (P > 0.05). Instability of the enterotypes was observed in 34% of the pigs, switching from an enterotype to another between 23 and 26 wk of age after heat stress. Despite a lower microbial diversity, the Turicibacter–Sarcina–Clostridium sensu stricto dominated enterotype was better adapted to heat stress conditions with lower thermoregulation variations.

Defining the metabolomic profile associated with early cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Cocco ◽  
E.G Ferro ◽  
S Ricci ◽  
M Deidda ◽  
A Noto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Global Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Clinical Heart Failure

Abstract Background Anthracycline (ANT) therapy has dramatically improved clinical outcomes for patients with breast cancer, but it causes cardiotoxicity (CTX) in a dose-dependent manner. Current cardiac biomarkers (troponin, brain natriuretic peptide) and 2D echocardiography only detect CTX in advanced and often irreversible stages. Metabolomic analysis may allow early diagnosis of CTX, and prompt initiation of cardio protective therapies. Purpose To diagnose early CTX via speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), and to characterize the metabolomic fingerprint of patients affected by ANT-mediated CTX. Methods In 2019, patients with breast cancer and normal baseline ejection fraction (EF) were enrolled and longitudinally monitored through clinical assessment, blood sample collection and echocardiography, before initiation of ANT therapy and at 180, 270 and 360 mg/m2 of ANT. CTX, defined as &gt;15% reduction in Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS), was monitored at each ANT dose increment. Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis, supervised Partial Least Square and Partial Least-Square Discriminant Analyses were used to compare the metabolomic profiles of patients who did and did not develop CTX during the study period. Results In the study sample (n=33), no patient developed clinical heart failure, but 8 patients (25%) developed CTX by GLS criteria. Patients with CTX had a significant decrease in GLS compared to patients without CTX at 270 mg/m2 (GLS 20.5 vs 17.9, p=0.01) and 360 mg/m2 ANT (GLS 21.6 vs 17.7, p&lt;0.001), but no significant differences in EF or other 2D echocardiographic parameters. The PLS-DA model at 360 mg/m2 ANT (R2=0.92, Q2=0.53, p=0.03) identified a significantly higher prevalence of Krebs cycle intermediates (like fumarate and succinate), and fatty acids (like linoleic acid) in patients with CTX. On the contrary, patients without CTX at 360 mg/m2 ANT had significantly higher levels of cardioprotective metabolites, like tryptophan. Conclusions For the first time in a human population of breast cancer patients, we show that early ANT-induced CTX (diagnosed via asymptomatic GLS reduction) is associated with a unique metabolomic profile, which affects molecular pathways of energy production. Notably, CTX damage upregulates similar metabolites to those previously identified in clinical heart failure and in mouse CTX models. Our results suggest that a metabolomic fingerprint can be leveraged to create prediction models to identify patients at higher risk of developing cardiovascular complications from ANT therapy. This, in turn, will allow to personalize both chemotherapy and cardioprotective treatments. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): University of Cagliari

scholarly journals Effect of Soybean Oil Supplementation on Milk Production, Digestibility, and Metabolism in Dairy Goats under Thermoneutral and Heat Stress Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Soufiane Hamzaoui ◽  
Gerardo Caja ◽  
Xavier Such ◽  
Elena Albanell ◽  
Ahmed A. K. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Milk Protein Content

In a previous work, we observed that heat-stressed goats suffer reductions in milk yield and its contents of fat and protein. Supplementation with soybean oil (SBO) may be a useful strategy to enhance milk quality. In total, eight multiparous Murciano–Granadina dairy goats (42.8 ± 1.3 kg body weight; 99 ± 1 days of lactation) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with four periods; 21 d each (14 d adaptation, 5 d for measurements and 2 d transition between periods). Goats were allocated to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were no oil (CON) or 4% of soybean oil (SBO), and controlled thermal neutral (TN; 15 to 20 °C) or heat stress (HS; 12 h/d at 37 °C and 12 h/d at 30 °C) conditions. This resulted in four treatment combinations: TN-CON, TN-SBO, HS-CON, and HS-SBO. Compared to TN, HS goats experienced lower (p < 0.05) feed intake, body weight, N retention, milk yield, and milk protein and lactose contents. However, goats in HS conditions had greater (p < 0.05) digestibility coefficients (+5.1, +5.2, +4.6, +7.0, and +8.9 points for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, respectively) than TN goats. The response to SBO had the same magnitude in TN and HS conditions. Supplementation with SBO had no effects on feed intake, milk yield, or milk protein content. However, SBO supplementation increased (p < 0.05) blood non-esterified fatty acids by 50%, milk fat by 29%, and conjugated linoleic acid by 360%. In conclusion, feeding 4% SBO to dairy goats was a useful strategy to increase milk fat and conjugated linoleic acid without any negative effects on intake, milk yield, or milk protein content. These beneficial effects were obtained regardless goats were in TN or HS conditions.

scholarly journals Changes in the Salivary Metabolic Profile of Generalized Periodontitis Patients after Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy. A Metabolomic Analysis Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Citterio ◽  
Federica Romano ◽  
Gaia Meoni ◽  
Giovanni Iaderosa ◽  
Silvia Grossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Metabolomic Profile ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Pattern analysis of salivary metabolic profile has been proven accurate to discriminate generalized periodontitis (GP) patients from healthy individuals (HI) as disease modifies the salivary concentrations of specific metabolites. Due to the scarcity of data in the literature, the aim of this study was to determine whether non-surgical periodontal therapy (NST) could change salivary metabolomic profile in GP to one more similar to HI. Unstimulated whole saliva of 11 HI and 12 GP patients were obtained prior to and 3 months after NST. Metabolic profiling was performed using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, followed by supervised multivariate statistical approach on entire saliva spectra and partial least square (PLS) discriminant analysis. In GP group, periodontal treatment improved all clinical parameters, but not all the diseased sites were eradicated. PLS revealed an accuracy of 100% in discriminating the metabolomic profile of each GP patient before and after NST. OPLS was able to discriminate the 3 groups of subjects with an accuracy of 85.6%. However the post-NST metabolic profile of GP patients could not be completely assimilated to that of HS. Although NST may produce significant changes in the metabolic profile, GP patients maintained a distinctive fingerprint compared to HI.

scholarly journals Milk yield, milk composition, and milk metabolomics of dairy goats intramammary-challenged with lipopolysaccharide under heat stress conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. K. Salama ◽  
Alexandra Contreras-Jodar ◽  
Samantha Love ◽  
Nabil Mehaba ◽  
Xavier Such ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Dairy Goats

scholarly journals Metabolic Profile of Patients with Severe Endometriosis: a Prospective Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Murgia ◽  
Stefano Angioni ◽  
Maurizio Nicola D’Alterio ◽  
Silvia Pirarba ◽  
Antonio Noto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curves ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
H Nmr

Abstract Endometriosis is a common disease affecting women in reproductive age. There are several hypotheses on the pathogenesis of this disease. Often, its lesions and symptoms overlap with those of many other medical and surgical conditions, causing a delay in diagnosis. Metabolomics represents a useful diagnostic tool for the study of metabolic changes during a different physiological or pathological status. We used 1H-NMR to explore metabolic alteration in a cohort of patients with endometriosis in order to contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease and to suggest new useful biomarkers. Thirty-seven patients were recruited for the metabolomic analysis: 22 patients affected by symptomatic endometriosis and 15 not affected by it. Their serum samples were collected and analyzed with 1H-NMR. Multivariate statistical analysis was conducted, followed by univariate and pathway analyses. Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) was performed to determine the presence of any differences between the non-endometriosis and endometriosis samples (R2X = 0.596, R2Y = 0.713, Q2 = 0.635, and p < 0.0001). β-hydroxybutyric acid and glutamine were significantly increased, whereas tryptophan was significantly decreased in the endometriosis patients. ROC curves were built to test the diagnostic power of the metabolites (β-hydroxybutyric acid: AUC = 0.85 CI = 0.71–0.99; glutamine: AUC = 0.83 CI = 0.68–0.98; tryptophan: AUC = 0.75 CI = 0.54–0.95; β-hydroxybutyric acid + glutamine + tryptophan AUC = 0.92 CI = 0.81–1). The metabolomic approach enabled the identification of several metabolic alterations occurring in women with endometriosis. These findings may provide new bases for a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease and for the discovery of new biomarkers. Trial registration number NCT02337816

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