scholarly journals Spatial analysis of hepatobiliary abnormalities in a population at high-risk of cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavin Thinkhamrop ◽  
Apiporn T. Suwannatrai ◽  
Nittaya Chamadol ◽  
Narong Khuntikeo ◽  
Bandit Thinkhamrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Areas

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious health challenge with low survival prognosis. The liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini, plays a role in the aetiology of CCA, through hepatobiliary abnormalities: liver mass (LM), bile duct dilation, and periductal fibrosis (PDF). A population-based CCA screening program, the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program, operates in Northeast Thailand. Hepatobiliary abnormalities were identified through ultrasonography. A multivariate zero-inflated, Poisson regression model measured associations between hepatobiliary abnormalities and covariates including age, sex, distance to water resource, and history of O. viverrini infection. Geographic distribution was described using Bayesian spatial analysis methods. Hepatobiliary abnormality prevalence was 38.7%; highest in males aged > 60 years (39.8%). PDF was most prevalent (20.1% of males). The Standardized Morbidity Ratio (SMR) for hepatobiliary abnormalities was highest in the lower and upper parts of the Northeast region. Hepatobiliary abnormalities specifically associated with CCA were also more common in males and those aged over 60 years and distributed along the Chi, Mun, and Songkram Rivers. Our findings demonstrated a high risk of hepatobiliary disorders in Northeast Thailand, likely associated with infection caused by O. viverrini. Screening for CCA and improvement of healthcare facilities to provide better treatment for CCA patients should be prioritized in these high-risk areas.

164 EFFECTIVENESS OF ONE-TIME ENDOSCOPIC SCREENING PROGRAM IN PREVENTION OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER IN CHINA: A MULTI-CENTER POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Chen ◽  
Y Liu ◽  
G Song ◽  
B Li ◽  
D Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endoscopic Screening ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Risk Areas

Abstract   Esophageal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and half of all new cases occurred in China. Population-based endoscopic screening has been carried out in some high-risk areas in China since 2005, but previous evidence was based predominately on small-sample, single-center studies. We undertook a population-based, multi-center cohort study to estimate the effectiveness of endoscopic screening program in reducing the incidence and mortality of esophageal in high risks areas in China. Methods This study was conducted in six areas in China from 2005 to 2015. All permanent residents aged 40–69 yeas were identified as target subjects. We defined those who were invited and undertook endoscopic screening as the screened group, and those who refused screening as the non-screened group. The target subjects who were not invited to screening was assigned to the control group. The effectiveness of endoscopic screening and screening program were evaluated by comparing the reductions in the incidence and mortality from esophageal cancer in those screened or those invited to screening with reductions in the control group, respectively. Results Our cohort analysis included 637 500 people: 299 483 in the control group and 338 017 in the invited to screening group, 113 340 (33.53%) of whom were screened eventually. Compared with subjects in the control group, esophageal cancer incidence and mortality were reduced by 26% (relative risk(RR) 0.74, 95% confidence interval(CI), 0.69–0.79) and 60% (0.40, 0.36–0.45) respectively in those screened, and they were reduced by 15% (0.85, 0.82–0.89) and 33% (0.67, 0.63–0.71) respectively in those invited to screening. Conclusion Among individuals aged 40–69 years in high risk areas of esophageal cancer, one-time endoscopic screening program was associated with a significant decrease in esophageal cancer incidence and mortality.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal analysis of myocardial infarction incidence in Zanjan province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Soleimani ◽  
Nasser Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Analysis ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Adjusted Incidence

Abstract Background Myocardial Infarction (MI) is a major important public health concern and has huge burden on health system across the world. This study aimed to explore the spatial and temporal analysis of the incidence of MI to identify potential clusters of the incidence of MI patterns across rural areas in Zanjan province, Iran. Materials & methods This was a retrospective and geospatial analysis study of the incidence of MI data from nine hospitals during 2014–2018. Three different spatial analysis methods (Spatial autocorrelation, hot spot analysis and cluster and outlier analysis) were used to identify potential clusters and high-risk areas of the incidence of MI at the study area. Results Three thousand eight hundred twenty patients were registered at Zanjan hospitals due to MI during 2014–2018. The overall age-adjusted incidence rate of MI was 343 cases per 100,000 person which was raised from 88 cases in 2014 to 114 cases in 2018 per 100,000 person-year (a 30% increase, P < 0.001). Golabar region had the highest age-adjusted incidence rate of MI (515 cases per 100,000 person). Five hot spots and one high-high cluster were detected using spatial analysis methods. Conclusion This study showed that there is a great deal of spatial variations in the pattern of the incidence of MI in Zanjan province. The high incidence rate of MI in the study area compared to the national average, is a warning to local health authorities to determine the possible causes of disease incidence and potential drivers of high-risk areas. The spatial cluster analysis provides new evidence for policy-makers to design tailored interventions to reduce the incidence of MI and allocate health resource to unmet need areas.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Breast Cancer in Sudan 2010-2016

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwa Maweya Abdelbagi Elbasheer ◽  
Ayah Galal Abdelrahman Alkhidir ◽  
Siham Mohammed Awad Mohammed ◽  
Areej Abuelgasim Hassan Abbas ◽  
Aisha Osman Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Risk Areas

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among females worldwide including Sudan. The aim of this study was to determine the spatial distribution of breast cancer in Sudan.Materials and methodsA facility based cross-sectional study was implemented in eighteen histopathology laboratories distributed in the three localities of Khartoum State on a sample of 4630 Breast Cancer cases diagnosed during the period 2010-2016. A master database was developed through Epi Info™ 7.1.5.2 for computerizing the data collected: the facility name, type (public or private), and its geo- location (latitude and longitude). Personal data on patients were extracted from their respective medical records (name, age, marital status, ethnic group, State, locality, administrative unit, permanent address and phone number, histopathology diagnosis). The data was summarized through SPSS to generate frequency tables for estimating prevalence and the geographical information system (ArcGIS 10.3) was used to generate the epidemiological distribution maps. ArcGIS 10.3 spatial analysis features were used to develop risk maps based on the kriging method.ResultsBreast cancer prevalence was 3.9 cases per 100,000 female populations. Of the 4423 cases of breast cancer, invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST) was the most frequent (79.5%, 3517/4423) histopathological diagnosis. The spatial analysis indicated as high risk areas for breast cancer in Sudan the States of Nile River, Northern, Red Sea, White Nile, Northern and Southern Kordofan.ConclusionsThe attempt to develop a predictive map of breast cancer in Sudan revealed three levels of risk areas (risk, intermediate and high risk areas); regardless the risk level, appropriate preventive and curative health interventions with full support from decision makers are urgently needed.

The Genes and Genetics of Malignant Melanoma

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gibbs ◽  
Benjamin M. R. Brady ◽  
William A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Uv Exposure ◽  
Molecular Defect ◽  
Clinical Variables ◽  
Red Hair ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Examination

Background: Population-based studies have identified several clinical variables associated with an increased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma that include phenotype, amount of and response to sun exposure, and family history. However, these observations are of limited relevance to clinical practice as the risk associated with each factor is individually modest and the characteristics of these variables lack precision when applied to a particular individual. Objective: To review the literature regarding recent advances made in the understanding of the genes and genetics of clinical variables associated with an increased risk of melanoma. Conclusion: Variants of the MC1R (melanocortin-1 receptor) have been identified as major determinants of high-risk phenotypes, such as red hair and pale skin, and the ability to tan in response to UV exposure. Several studies also suggest that such variants may increase melanoma risk independent of their contribution to phenotype. A strong genetic basis for both nevus density and size has been demonstrated and the link between nevi and the development of MM has become better defined. Finally, germline defects in several genes involved in cell cycle regulation, namely, p16 and CDK4, have been demonstrated in many familial melanoma kindreds. This progress has introduced the prospect of genetic testing as a means of identifying a limited number of high-risk individuals who can be targeted with regular screening and education regarding UV exposure and skin self-examination. Ultimately, through rational genetic therapy targeted to correcting the underlying molecular defect, altering the natural history of melanoma development may be possible.

scholarly journals Two cases of imported respiratory diphtheria in Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Li ◽  
Daniella Ross ◽  
Katherine Hill ◽  
Sarah Clifford ◽  
Louise Wellington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
High Index ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Diphtheria Antitoxin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Abstract We report two cases of respiratory toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection in fully vaccinated UK born adults following travel to Tunisia in October 2019. Both patients were successfully treated with antibiotics and neither received diphtheria antitoxin. Contact tracing was performed following a risk assessment but no additional cases were identified. This report highlights the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for re-emerging infections in patients with a history of travel to high-risk areas outside Europe.

Potential for arsenic contamination of rice in Bangladesh: spatial analysis and mapping of high risk areas

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4/5/6) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zev Ross ◽  
John M. Duxbury ◽  
Stephen D. DeGloria ◽  
Debi Narayan Rudra Paul
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Risk Areas

Prospective assessment of the risk for colorectal neoplasia in a Mexican population according to risk categories.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15158-e15158
Author(s):  
Vanessa Rosas Camargo ◽  
Edgar Omar Martos Armendariz ◽  
Mauricio Rivera Aguilar ◽  
Jorge Humberto Hernandez-Felix ◽  
Monica Lily Cordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Screening Colonoscopy ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Prospective Assessment ◽  
History Of

e15158 Background: General population screening can reduce colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality. International guidelines recommend CRC screening for asymptomatic people over 50 years. There is no established national screening program in Mexico. Even in countries with low incidence of CRC such as Mexico, targeted screening of subjects at high risk could decrease resource utilization and cost. Our aim was to describe the distribution among an average-risk population based on risk for colorectal neoplasia (CRN). Methods: We performed a prospective assessment of the risk for CRN among asymptomatic people over 50 years at Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición between 2017-2018. The inclusion was competitive consistent with our age-sex pyramid. We included workers, non-family attendants and patients (internal medicine consultation). Each subject answered a standardized questionnaire, which included information on their age, gender, family history of CRC, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and drinking habits. In order to stratify the population according to their risk for CRN, we used the Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening (APCS) score. Results: We included 256 subjects. Median age was 59 y/o (50-93), 52% were female. 5% had a first-degree relative with CRC. 44% were current or ex-smoker and 9% reported alcohol consumption. 21% had diabetes. The median BMI was 27.3 (17-51). According to the APCS score, 60% were assigned as average risk (AR) and 40% as high risk (HR) for CRN. We observed a higher proportion of HR compared to our previous retrospective data (Table). Conclusions: We prospectively confirmed that using basic clinical information (age, gender, smoking status, family history of CRC, BMI and diabetes), it is possible to identify a subset of asymptomatic subjects at high risk for CRN in whom screening strategies should be prioritized. In developing countries with limited resources, a focus on high risk groups could improve cost effectiveness of screening colonoscopy. Risk stratification based on APCS score. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Genotype-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in asymptomatic Peruvian women: a community-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana del Valle-Mendoza ◽  
Lorena Becerra-Goicochea ◽  
Miguel Angel Aguilar-Luis ◽  
Luis Pinillos-Vilca ◽  
Hugo Carrillo-Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hpv Types ◽  
High Risk Hpv ◽  
Oncogenic Hpv

Abstract Objective To determine the general and genotype-specific prevalence of HPV and to identify potential risk factors for the infection in a population-based screening of Peruvian women. Results A total of 524 samples were analyzed by PCR and a total of 100 HPV positive samples were found, of which 89 were high-risk, 19 were probably oncogenic, 9 were low-risk and 27 other HPV types. The 26–35 and 36–45 age groups showed the highest proportion of HPV positive samples with a total of 37% (37/100) and 30% (30/100), respectively. Moreover, high-risk HPV was found in 33.7% of both groups and probably oncogenic HPV in 52.6% and 31.6%, respectively. High-risk HPV were the most frequent types identified in the population studied, being HPV-52, HPV-31 and HPV-16 the most commonly detected with 17.6%, 15.7% y 12.9%, respectively. Demographic characteristics and habits were assessed in the studied population. A total of 62% high-risk HPV were detected in married/cohabiting women. Women with two children showed the highest proportion (33.8%) of high-risk HPV, followed by women with only one child (26.9%). Those women without history of abortion had a higher frequency of high-risk HPV (71.9%), followed by those with one abortion (25.8%).

Design of a Community-Based Lung Cancer Education, Prevention, and Screening Program

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1152-1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lovoria B. Williams ◽  
Amber McCall ◽  
Thomas V. Joshua ◽  
Stephen W. Looney ◽  
Martha S. Tingen
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cancer Education ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Lung Cancer Screening ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Community Awareness

Uptake of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening is extremely low. Efforts to promote screening are warranted, especially among disparate groups such as racial/ethnic minorities and those of lower socioeconomic status. This article describes the design and implementation strategies of the ongoing cancer-Community Awareness Access Research and Education (c-CARE) program. The purpose of c-CARE is to increase community awareness of lung cancer screening through education. Community health workers were trained to implement the intervention in 12 community sites. The Health Belief Model guided the evaluation and intervention development methods. Aims include changing participants’ knowledge, attitude, and beliefs related to lung cancer and increasing lung cancer early detection and prevention behaviors by identifying and connecting high-risk and/or nicotine-dependent individuals to LDCT screening and/or tobacco cessation services. If effective, these methods could model increased dissemination to other high-risk communities.

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