scholarly journals Patterns of enhancement in paretic shoulder kinematics after stroke with musical cueing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinil Kang ◽  
Joon-Ho Shin ◽  
In Young Kim ◽  
Jongshill Lee ◽  
Ji-Yeoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Euler Angle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Upper Limb Movements ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Hemiparetic Stroke ◽  
Auditory Cueing ◽  
Shoulder Kinematics

Abstract Musical cueing has been widely utilised in post-stroke motor rehabilitation; however, the kinematic evidence on the effects of musical cueing is sparse. Further, the element-specific effects of musical cueing on upper-limb movements have rarely been investigated. This study aimed to kinematically quantify the effects of no auditory, rhythmic auditory, and melodic auditory cueing on shoulder abduction, holding, and adduction in patients who had experienced hemiparetic stroke. Kinematic data were obtained using inertial measurement units embedded in wearable bands. During the holding phase, melodic auditory cueing significantly increased the minimum Euler angle and decreased the range of motion compared with the other types of cueing. Further, the root mean square error in the angle measurements was significantly smaller and the duration of movement execution was significantly shorter during the holding phase when melodic auditory cueing was provided than when the other types of cueing were used. These findings indicated the important role of melodic auditory cueing for enhancing movement positioning, variability, and endurance. This study provides the first kinematic evidence on the effects of melodic auditory cueing on kinematic enhancement, thus suggesting the potential use of pitch-related elements in psychomotor rehabilitation.

HOMOLOGOUS RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN IN RAT PLASMA

1974 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Kieffer ◽  
Bruce D. Weintraub ◽  
Walter Baigelman ◽  
Susan Leeman ◽  
Farahe Maloof
Keyword(s):  
Zero Point ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
List Type ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The One ◽  
Bovine Tsh ◽  
Tsh Levels

ABSTRACT An homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) using the highly purified rat thyrotrophin (TSH) and anti-rat TSH recently made available by NIAMDD is described in detail. Evidence that the assay measures TSH and only TSH includes the following: Treatment of rats with TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) caused a significant increase (averaging 12-fold) and treatment with T4, a significant decrease (averaging 4.5-fold), in plasma TSH. Points for TSH standards and those for dilutions of plasma from TRH-treated rats fell on the same line, and regression lines calculated separately for standards and dilutions of plasma did not depart significantly from parallelism. At 14 days after gonadectomy of male rats, a time when plasma LH and FSH levels are known to be high, the assay showed no increase in plasma TSH. Moreover, reduction of plasma TSH levels by T4 was as great in gonadectomized rats as in controls. Assay of rat LH, rat FSH and rat prolactin, in 7 concentrations each, showed that cross-reaction averaged less than 1 % in all cases. Other workers have calculated values greater than 1 % for TSH contamination of rat LH and FSH. The slopes of regression lines for the 3 hormones tested for cross-reaction did not differ significantly from the slope for TSH standards. This result strengthens the hypothesis that the apparent slight cross-reactions are due to TSH contamination. Findings for T4-treated rats and saline-treated controls show that the homologous RIA is more sensitive than previous, heterologous assays: In previous studies, plasma TSH levels of most or all of rats treated with T4 were not clearly greater than zero. By contrast, in the homologous RIA reported here, values for such rats did not overlap the range of the zero point on the one hand, nor the range for saline-treated controls on the other. Thus, distinct ranges were defined for both normal and low TSH levels. In view of the 1:20 final dilution of plasma during assay, it does not seem likely that non-specific effects of plasma were primarily responsible for the low TSH values of T4-treated rats. Additionally, the useful range of the homologous assay (about 200-fold) is greater than that of earlier assays (about 70-fold, or less). Finally, the use of highly purified rat TSH for standards has avoided inconsistencies previously encountered with bovine TSH standards.

scholarly journals Sztuka wobec antropocenu – wybrane strategie artystyczne

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-114
Author(s):  
Marta Anna Raczek-Karcz
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Human History ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Individual Actions

Art and the Anthropocene – Selected Artistic Strategies The article presents an analysis of the artistic projects of three graphic artists who for nearly a decade have been trying to illustrate the causes and effects of the Anthropocene in various ways. Each of the authors in question uses a separate language of forms and different artistic tools, but their common goal is to establish, as Angelos Koutsourakis excellently put it, “dialectical representation of the Anthropocene” based on “self-reflexive representational tropes”. This self-reflexivity is not about constantly reminding that what is in front of the viewer’s eyes and what he/she experiences when entering the space of the installation is an artistic construction, but to sensitize him/her to the fact that what he/she looks at and participates in – both through form and the content – is a way of representing the causes that produce specific effects and the effects behind which specific processes lie. In the case of Sean Caulfield, it is about making the viewer aware of the cumulative effect of individual actions, which, when depicted in the form of a gradually destroyed installation, direct attention to individual acts causing global changes. On the other hand, Angela Snieder sensitizes the viewer to the influence that the historical conditions shaping the production processes influenced the way people perceive nature. The artist uses the visual attractiveness of the dioramas to blur the border between what is natural and what is industrial, ultimately confronting the viewer with the artificiality of the created reality. While Ellen Karin Maehlum raises the problem of connection between histories often treated separately: human and natural. The organisms shown by her are creations in which natural factors and those resulting from human influence on the environment combine with each other. Recognizing this fact allows us to consider natural and human history as interconnected vessels and realms that interact with each other. The article analyzes the strategies used by these artists to establish an engaging dialogue between them and the viewers, which may result in awakening the viewers’ awareness of the complex causes and effects of the Anthropocene.

scholarly journals PMU Optimal Placement in Wide Area Monitoring Systems using Grey Wolf Optimization technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Y. AZZOUGUI ◽  
A. RECIOUI ◽  
A. MANSOURI
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Grey Wolf Optimization ◽  
Wide Area Monitoring ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Area Monitoring

Wide area monitoring system requires the integration of an advanced technology that provides real time synchronized phase angle measurements at all their measurement points. The phasor measurement units are the most advanced devices to achieve that. The objective of this work is first, to find the optimal placement of a minimum number of PMUs in some standardized IEEE systems. Next, the same method was applied to the Algerian 63 bus system. Two cases are taken into consideration: the minimum number of PMUs without considering the ZIB, then, considering the ZIB. The simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

scholarly journals Effects of lift-assist device on trunk and shoulder kinematics

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish D. Nimbarte ◽  
Suman Kanti Chowdhury ◽  
Christopher W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Shoulder Abduction ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Trunk Motion ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Shoulder Motion ◽  
Lift Assist ◽  
Shoulder Kinematics

Background: Repetitive handling of heavy concrete blocks has been associated with the risk of low back and shoulder injuries among the masons. Several interventions have been proposed to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders among the masons. A new intervention, a lift-assist handle, was tested in this study. Objective: The effectiveness of the lift-assist handle in masonry work was assessed using the shoulder and low back  kinematics  during  block  lifting/lowering  tasks  performed  at  two  heights. Methods: In a laboratory setting, seven male subjects performed with- and without-lift handle assisted block lifting tasks at two different heights.  Optical motion capture system and biomechanical modeling software were used to record and model each dynamic trial. Effect of lifting height and use of a lift-assist handle on range of motion of the shoulder and trunk were tested. Results: The use of lift-assist handle significantly reduced trunk motion and increased shoulder motion. Lifting height had a significant effect on shoulder kinematics only. When height was increased from 17to 29 inches, the ranges of motion of  shoulder abduction-adduction and internal rotation significantly increased. Additionally, block lifting/lowering task duration decreased by 26% when the lift-assist handle was used. Conclusions: While  potential benefits to lower back health were found with the lift-assist handle, increased shoulder motion may increase the risk of shoulder injuries. The findings of this study emphasize the need for an in-depth analysis of assistive devices prior to implementation to ensure that there are no unintended consequences of their use that could negate their benefit. 

scholarly journals Validity of Wearable Sensors at the Shoulder Joint: Combining Wireless Electromyography Sensors and Inertial Measurement Units to Perform Physical Workplace Assessments

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Poitras ◽  
Mathieu Bielmann ◽  
Alexandre Campeau-Lecours ◽  
Catherine Mercier ◽  
Laurent J. Bouyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Shoulder Kinematics

Background: Workplace adaptation is the preferred method of intervention to diminish risk factors associated with the development of work-related shoulder disorders. However, the majority of the workplace assessments performed are subjective (e.g., questionnaires). Quantitative assessments are required to support workplace adaptations. The aims of this study are to assess the concurrent validity of inertial measurement units (IMUs; MVN, Xsens) in comparison to a motion capture system (Vicon) during lifting tasks, and establish the discriminative validity of a wireless electromyography (EMG) system for the evaluation of muscle activity. Methods: Sixteen participants performed 12 simple tasks (shoulder flexion, abduction, scaption) and 16 complex lifting tasks (lifting crates of different weights at different heights). A Delsys Trigno EMG system was used to record anterior and middle deltoids’ EMG activity, while the Xsens and Vicon simultaneously recorded shoulder kinematics. Results: For IMUs, correlation coefficients were high (simple task: >0.968; complex task: >0.84) and RMSEs were low (simple task: <6.72°; complex task: <11.5°). For EMG, a significant effect of weight, height and a weight x height interaction (anterior: p < 0.001; middle: p < 0.03) were observed for RMS EMG activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that wireless EMG and IMUs are valid units that can be used to measure physical demand in workplace assessments.

scholarly journals Genomic evidence for MHC disassortative mating in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1899) ◽  
pp. 20182664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Dandine-Roulland ◽  
Romain Laurent ◽  
Irene Dall'Ara ◽  
Bruno Toupance ◽  
Raphaëlle Chaix
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Genotype Data ◽  
Disassortative Mating ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

Although pervasive in many animal species, the evidence for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) disassortative mating in humans remains inconsistent across studies. Here, to revisit this issue, we analyse dense genotype data for 883 European and Middle Eastern couples. To distinguish MHC-specific effects from socio-cultural confounders, the pattern of relatedness between spouses in the MHC region is compared to the rest of the genome. Couples from Israel exhibit no significant pattern of relatedness across the MHC region, whereas across the genome, they are more similar than random pairs of individuals, which may reflect social homogamy and/or cousin marriages. On the other hand, couples from The Netherlands and more generally from Northern Europe are significantly more MHC-dissimilar than random pairs of individuals, and this pattern of dissimilarity is extreme when compared with the rest of the genome. Our findings support the hypothesis that the MHC influences mate choice in humans in a context-dependent way: MHC-driven preferences may exist in all populations but, in some populations, social constraints over mate choice may reduce the ability of individuals to rely on such biological cues when choosing their mates.

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