scholarly journals A single bout of downhill running attenuates subsequent level running-induced fatigue

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio de Oliveira Assumpção ◽  
Renan Vieira Barreto ◽  
Leonardo Coelho Rabello de Lima ◽  
Adalgiso Coscrato Cardozo ◽  
Maria Imaculada de Lima Montebelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Loss ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Level Running

Abstract Fatigue can be defined as exercise-induced strength loss. During running, fatigue can be partially explained by repetitive low-intensity eccentric contractions-induced muscle damage (EIMD). Previous studies showed that a bout of downhill running (DR) attenuated subsequent EIMD. Thus, we tested if a 30-min DR bout would attenuate fatigue induced by subsequent 60-min level running (LR). Twenty-seven male college students were randomly allocated to an experimental (EXP) or a control (CON) group. All participants performed LR on a treadmill at 70% of the velocity (vVO2peak) corresponding to peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Only EXP performed a 30-min DR (− 15%) on a treadmill at 70% vVO2peak fourteen days before LR. Indirect EIMD markers and neuromuscular function were assessed before, immediately and 48 h after DR and LR. Knee extension isometric peak torque (IPT) decreased (− 36.3 ± 26%, p < 0.05) immediately following DR with full recovery reached 48 h post-DR. Muscle soreness developed (p < 0.05) immediately (37 ± 25 mm) and 48 h (45 ± 26 mm) post-DR. IPT and rate of torque development (RTD) at late phases (> 150 ms) from the onset of muscle contraction decreased significantly (− 10.7 ± 6.1% and from − 15.4 to − 18.7%, respectively) immediately after LR for the CON group and remained below baseline values (− 5.6 ± 8.5% and from − 13.8 to − 14.9%, respectively) 48 h post-LR. However, IPT and late RTD were not significantly affected by LR for the EXP group, showing a group x time interaction effect. We concluded that a single DR bout can be used to attenuate fatigue induced by a LR performed fourteen days after.

Affective Responses to Acute Bouts of Aerobic Exercise, Mindfulness Meditation, and Combinations of Exercise and Meditation: A Randomized Controlled Intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan K. Edwards ◽  
Paul D. Loprinzi
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Group Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Positive Engagement

Single bouts of aerobic exercise and meditation have been shown to induce positive affect. In a novel experimental paradigm, we sought to examine the effects of an acute bout of aerobic exercise and meditation, as well as exercise and meditation combined on affect among young adults. Participants ( N = 110, mean age = 21.4 years) were randomly assigned to walk, meditate, walk then meditate, meditate then walk, or to sit (inactive control). All walking and meditation bouts were 10 minutes in duration. Participants’ affect was monitored before and after the intervention using the Exercise Induced Feelings Inventory. Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for three Exercise Induced Feelings Inventory subscales, including revitalization ( p < .001), tranquility ( p = .02), and exhaustion ( p = .03); the group × time interaction for Exercise Induced Feelings Inventory positive engagement was nonsignificant ( p = .16). A single bout of brisk walking or meditation, as well as a combination of walking and meditation, may positively influence affect. There is some evidence to suggest that affective benefits may be greater following meditation or a combination of meditation and walking, when compared with walking alone.

scholarly journals Consumption of An Anthocyanin-Rich Antioxidant Juice Accelerates Recovery of Running Economy and Indirect Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Downhill Running

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo C. R. Lima ◽  
Renan V. Barreto ◽  
Natália M. Bassan ◽  
Camila C. Greco ◽  
Benedito S. Denadai
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Perceived Effort ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study examined the effects of anthocyanin-rich antioxidant juice (AJ) on the recovery of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and the running economy (RE) following downhill running (DHR). Thirty healthy young men were randomly divided into two blinded groups and consumed either AJ or placebo (PLA) for nine days (240 mL twice-a-day). On day 5, the participants from both groups ran downhill (−15%) for 30 min at 70% of their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) speeds. The changes in RE (oxygen uptake (VO2) and perceived effort (PE) during 5-min runs at 80%VO2max) and EIMD (isometric peak torque (IPT), muscle soreness (SOR) and serum creatine kinase activity (CK)) were compared over time and between the groups on the 4 days following DHR. VO2 and PE increased (p < 0.05) immediately following DHR for both groups and remained elevated for PLA until 48h post-DHR while fully recovering 24 h post-DHR for AJ. SOR was greater (p < 0.05) for PLA throughout the study. CK increased for both groups and was greater (p < 0.05) for PLA at 96 h post-DHR. IPT decreased for both groups but recovered faster for AJ (72 h) compared to PLA (no full recovery). AJ accelerated recovery of RE and EIMD and should be used in specific contexts, but not chronically.

Age and sex-related decline of muscle strength across the adult lifespan: a scoping review of aggregated data

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1185-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M.K. Haynes ◽  
N.A. Neubauer ◽  
K.M.D. Cornett ◽  
B.P. O’Connor ◽  
G.R. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Differential Rate ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Piecewise Regression ◽  
Age Related

Muscle strength is sex-related and declines with advancing age; yet, a comprehensive comparative evaluation of age-related strength loss in human females and males has not been undertaken. To do so, segmented piecewise regression analysis was performed on aggregated data from studies published from 1990 to 2018 and are available in CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases. The search identified 5613 articles that were reviewed for physical assessment results stratified by sex and age. Maximal isometric and isokinetic 60°·s−1 knee extension (KE) and knee flexion (KF) contractions from 57 studies and 15 283 subjects (N = 7918 females) had sufficient data reported on females and males for meaningful statistical evaluation to be undertaken. The analysis revealed that isometric KE and KF strength undergo similar rapid declines in both sexes late in the sixth decade of life. Yet, there is an abrupt age-related decline in KE 60°·s−1 peak torque earlier in females (aged 41.8 years) than males (aged 66.7 years). In the assessment of KF peak torque, an age-related acceleration in strength loss was only identified in males (aged 49.3 years). The results suggest that age-related isometric strength loss is similar between sexes while the characteristics of KE and KF peak torque decline are sex-related, which likely explains the differential rate of age-related functional decline. Novelty Inclusion of muscle strength and torque of KE and KF data from >15 000 subjects. Isometric KE and KF strength loss are similar between sexes. Isokinetic 60°·s−1 KE torque decline accelerates 25 years earlier in females and female age-related KF peak torque decline does not accelerate with age.

scholarly journals TRIM63 (MuRF-1) gene polymorphism is associated with biomarkers of exercise-induced muscle damage

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Baumert ◽  
M. J. Lake ◽  
B. Drust ◽  
C. E. Stewart ◽  
R. M. Erskine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Strength Loss ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Healthy Participants

Unaccustomed strenuous exercise can lead to muscle strength loss, inflammation and delayed-onset muscle soreness, which may be influenced by genetic variation. We investigated if a missense single nucleotide polymorphism (A>G, rs2275950 ) within the TRIM63 gene (encoding MuRF-1 and potentially affecting titin mechanical properties) was associated with the variable response to unaccustomed eccentric exercise. Sixty-five untrained, healthy participants (genotyped for rs2275950 : AA, AG, and GG) performed 120 maximal eccentric knee extensions (ECC) to induce muscle damage. Isometric and isokinetic maximal voluntary knee extension contractions (MVCs) and muscle soreness were assessed before, immediately after, and 48 h after ECC. AA homozygotes were consistently stronger [baseline isometric MVC: 3.23 ± 0.92 Nm/kg (AA) vs. 2.09 ± 0.67 Nm/kg (GG); P = 0.006] and demonstrated less muscle soreness over time ( P = 0.022) compared with GG homozygotes. This may be explained by greater titin stiffness in AA homozygotes, leading to intrinsically stronger muscle fibers that are more resistant to eccentric damaging contractions.

Skeletal troponin I as a marker of exercise-induced muscle damage

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1076-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Sorichter ◽  
Johannes Mair ◽  
Arnold Koller ◽  
Walter Gebert ◽  
Daniel Rama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Physical Education Teacher ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Teacher Trainees ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Plasma Marker ◽  
Level Running

Sorichter, Stephan, Johannes Mair, Arnold Koller, Walter Gebert, Daniel Rama, Charles Calzolari, Erika Artner-Dworzak, and Bernd Puschendorf. Skeletal troponin I as a marker of exercise-induced muscle damage. J. Appl. Physiol.83(4): 1076–1082, 1997.—The utility of skeletal troponin I (sTnI) as a plasma marker of skeletal muscle damage after exercise was compared against creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), and myosin heavy chain (MHC) fragments. These markers were serially measured in normal physical education teacher trainees after four different exercise regimens: 20 min of level or downhill (16% decline) running (intensity: 70% maximal O2uptake), high-force eccentric contractions (70 repetitions), or high-force isokinetic concentric contractions of the quadriceps group (40 repetitions). Eccentrically biased exercise (downhill running and eccentric contractions) promoted greater increases in all parameters. The highest plasma concentration were found after downhill running {median peaks: 309 U/l CK concentration ([CK])}, 466 μg/l Mb concentration ([Mb]), 1,021 μU/l MHC concentration ([MHC]), and 27.3 μg/l sTnI concentration ([sTnI]). Level running produced a moderate response (median peaks: 178 U/l [CK], 98 μg/l [Mb], 501 μU/l [MHC], and 6.6 μg/l [sTnI]), whereas the concentric contraction protocol did not elicit significant changes in any of the markers assayed. sTnI increased and peaked in parallel to CK and stayed elevated (>2.2 μg/l) for at least 1–2 days after exercise. In contrast to MHC, sTnI is an initial, specific marker of exercise-induced muscle injury, which may be partly explained by their different intracellular compartmentation with essentially no (MHC <0.1%) or a small soluble pool (sTnI: median 3.4%).

Effects of a single bout of walking exercise on blood coagulation parameters in obese women

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Lamprecht ◽  
Herve Moussalli ◽  
Gerhard Ledinski ◽  
Bettina Leschnik ◽  
Axel Schlagenhauf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Walking Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced

Obesity is associated with increased prevalence of thromboembolic events. We aimed to investigate whether obese women might benefit from vigorous aerobic exercise. Forty-two overweight and obese women performed a 30-min walking exercise test (treadmill ergometer) at an intensity of 70% of individual peak oxygen uptake. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise. Thrombelastometry and platelet function measurements were performed on whole blood. Standard coagulation times, thrombin generation curves, markers of thrombin generation, fibrinolytic parameters, plasma levels of pro- and anticoagulatory factors, and microparticle procoagulant activity were determined in platelet-poor plasma samples. Thrombelastometry revealed a significant prolongation of clot formation time ( P = 0.037) and a significant deceleration of fibrin build up (alpha angle, P = 0.034) after exercise. Calibrated automated thrombography revealed a significant exercise-induced decrease in endogenous thrombin potential ( P = 0.039). Moreover, thrombin formation stopped earlier postexercise, reflected in shortened StartTail ( P = 0.046). Significantly elevated tissue-plasminogen activator levels ( P = 0.001) indicate an exercise-induced activation of the fibrinolytic system. White blood cell count increased significantly from pre- to postexercise ( P = 0.045), indicating a mild exercise-induced leukocytosis. The results of this study demonstrate that vigorous aerobic exercise might be a suitable tool to protect obese women from thrombotic events. We show that a single bout of vigorous aerobic exercise is clearly associated with an activation of the fibrinolytic system and a decreased readiness of the postexercise samples to form a clot and to generate thrombin, the pivotal enzyme of hemostasis.

North American ginseng protects against muscle damage and reduces neutrophil infiltration after an acute bout of downhill running in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrbod Estaki ◽  
Earl G. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
North American ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
American Ginseng ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Downhill Running ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced

Eccentric muscle contractions such as those experienced during downhill running are associated with inflammation, delayed-onset of muscle soreness, myofiber damage, and various functional deficits. North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties and thus may offset some of this exercise-induced damage. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that intervention with North American ginseng would reduce eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation. Male Wistar rats were fed (300 mg/(kg·day)–1) of either an alcohol (AL) or aqueous (AQ) extract of North American ginseng for 14 days before a single bout of downhill running and were compared with matching nonexercised (C) groups. Plasma creatine kinase levels were significantly reduced in both ginseng treated groups compared with the C group that received a water placebo (p < 0.002). Further, the AQ but not AL group also showed attenuated morphological signs of damage (hemotoxylin and eosin) as well as reduced levels of infiltrating neutrophils (HIS48) in the soleus muscle (p < 0.001). In summary, supplementation with an AQ but not AL extract of North American ginseng was able to reduce eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and inflammation.

scholarly journals 602 THE EFFECT OF BILATERAL ISOKINETIC KNEE EXTENSION/FLEXION ON JOINT ANGLE AT PEAK TORQUE

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Bryant ◽  
L. E. Brown ◽  
M. Whitehurst
Keyword(s):  
Joint Angle ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension

scholarly journals Reliability of a New Portable Dynamometer for Assessing Hip and Lower Limb Strength

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3391
Author(s):  
Jan Marušič ◽  
Goran Marković ◽  
Nejc Šarabon
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Lower Limb Muscles ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Maximal Peak

The purpose of this study was to evaluate intra- and inter-session reliability of the new, portable, and externally fixated dynamometer called MuscleBoard® for assessing the strength of hip and lower limb muscles. Hip abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, internal and external rotation, knee extension, ankle plantarflexion, and Nordic hamstring exercise strength were measured in three sessions (three sets of three repetitions for each test) on 24 healthy and recreationally active participants. Average and maximal value of normalized peak torque (Nm/kg) from three repetitions in each set and agonist:antagonist ratios (%) were statistically analyzed; the coefficient of variation and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC2,k) were calculated to assess absolute and relative reliability, respectively. Overall, the results display high to excellent intra- and inter-session reliability with low to acceptable within-individual variation for average and maximal peak torques in all bilateral strength tests, while the reliability of unilateral strength tests was moderate to good. Our findings indicate that using the MuscleBoard® dynamometer can be a reliable device for assessing and monitoring bilateral and certain unilateral hip and lower limb muscle strength, while some unilateral strength tests require some refinement and more extensive familiarization.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Release of Cardiac Troponins in Adolescent vs. Adult Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
Rafel Cirer-Sastre ◽  
Francisco Corbi ◽  
Isaac López-Laval ◽  
Luis Enrique Carranza-García ◽  
Joaquín Reverter-Masià
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Cardiac Troponins ◽  
Similar Peak ◽  
Apparently Healthy

To examine the exercise-induced release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in adolescent and adult swimmers. Thirty-two trained male (18 adolescents, 14 adults) swam at maximal pace in a 45 min distance trial, and blood samples were drawn before, immediately and 3 h after exercise for subsequent cTnT analysis and comparison. Having comparable training experience and baseline values of cTnT (p = 0.78 and p = 0.13), adults exercised at lower absolute and relative intensity (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), but presented higher immediate cTnT after exercise than adolescents (p < 0.001). Despite that, peak concentrations were observed at 3 h post exercise and peak elevations were comparable between groups (p = 0.074). Fourteen (44%) apparently healthy subjects exceeded the cutoff value for myocardial infarction (MI). Adolescents presented a delayed elevation of cTnT compared with adults, but achieved similar peak values.

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