scholarly journals White matter microarchitecture and structural network integrity correlate with children intelligence quotient

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Suprano ◽  
Gabriel Kocevar ◽  
Claudio Stamile ◽  
Salem Hannoun ◽  
Pierre Fourneret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Graph Metrics ◽  
High Intelligence ◽  
Iq Scores

AbstractThe neural substrate of high intelligence performances remains not well understood. Based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) which provides microstructural information of white matter fibers, we proposed in this work to investigate the relationship between structural brain connectivity and intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. Fifty-seven children (8–12 y.o.) underwent a MRI examination, including conventional T1-weighted and DTI sequences, and neuropsychological testing using the fourth edition of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV), providing an estimation of the Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) based on four subscales: verbal comprehension index (VCI), perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), and processing speed index (PSI). Correlations between the IQ scores and both graphs and diffusivity metrics were explored. First, we found significant correlations between the increased integrity of WM fiber-bundles and high intelligence scores. Second, the graph theory analysis showed that integration and segregation graph metrics were positively and negatively correlated with WISC-IV scores, respectively. These results were mainly driven by significant correlations between FSIQ, VCI, and PRI and graph metrics in the temporal and parietal lobes. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that intelligence performances are related to the integrity of WM fiber-bundles as well as the density and homogeneity of WM brain networks.

The Relations Between Physical Activity Level, Executive Function, and White Matter Microstructure in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Marissa A. Gogniat ◽  
Catherine M. Mewborn ◽  
Talia L. Robinson ◽  
Kharine R. Jean ◽  
L. Stephen Miller
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Age Related

The population of older adults is increasing, indicating a need to examine factors that may prevent or mitigate age-related cognitive decline. The current study examined whether microstructural white matter characteristics mediated the relation between physical activity and executive function in older adults without any self-reported psychiatric and neurological disorders or cognitive impairment (N = 43, mean age = 73 y). Physical activity was measured by average intensity and number of steps via accelerometry. Diffusion tensor imaging was used to examine microstructural white matter characteristics, and neuropsychological testing was used to examine executive functioning. Parallel mediation models were analyzed using microstructural white matter regions of interest as mediators of the association between physical activity and executive function. Results indicated that average steps was significantly related to executive function (β = 0.0003, t = 2.829, P = .007), while moderate to vigorous physical activity was not (β = 0.0007, t = 1.772, P = .08). White matter metrics did not mediate any associations. This suggests that microstructural white matter characteristics alone may not be the mechanism by which physical activity impacts executive function in aging.

scholarly journals Early white matter development is abnormal in tuberous sclerosis complex patients who develop autism spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Prohl ◽  
◽  
Benoit Scherrer ◽  
Xavier Tomas-Fernandez ◽  
Peter E. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis ◽  
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is prevalent in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), occurring in approximately 50% of patients, and is hypothesized to be caused by disruption of neural circuits early in life. Tubers, or benign hamartomas distributed stochastically throughout the brain, are the most conspicuous of TSC neuropathology, but have not been consistently associated with ASD. Widespread neuropathology of the white matter, including deficits in myelination, neuronal migration, and axon formation, exist and may underlie ASD in TSC. We sought to identify the neural circuits associated with ASD in TSC by identifying white matter microstructural deficits in a prospectively recruited, longitudinally studied cohort of TSC infants. Methods TSC infants were recruited within their first year of life and longitudinally imaged at time of recruitment, 12 months of age, and at 24 months of age. Autism was diagnosed at 24 months of age with the ADOS-2. There were 108 subjects (62 TSC-ASD, 55% male; 46 TSC+ASD, 52% male) with at least one MRI and a 24-month ADOS, for a total of 187 MRI scans analyzed (109 TSC-ASD; 78 TSC+ASD). Diffusion tensor imaging properties of multiple white matter fiber bundles were sampled using a region of interest approach. Linear mixed effects modeling was performed to test the hypothesis that infants who develop ASD exhibit poor white matter microstructural integrity over the first 2 years of life compared to those who do not develop ASD. Results Subjects with TSC and ASD exhibited reduced fractional anisotropy in 9 of 17 white matter regions, sampled from the arcuate fasciculus, cingulum, corpus callosum, anterior limbs of the internal capsule, and the sagittal stratum, over the first 2 years of life compared to TSC subjects without ASD. Mean diffusivity trajectories did not differ between groups. Conclusions Underconnectivity across multiple white matter fiber bundles develops over the first 2 years of life in subjects with TSC and ASD. Future studies examining brain-behavior relationships are needed to determine how variation in the brain structure is associated with ASD symptoms.

scholarly journals 0086 Daytime Napping and Memory Consolidation of Novel Word Learning in Children and Adults

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A35-A35
Author(s):  
E van Rijn ◽  
S A Walker ◽  
V C Knowland ◽  
S A Cairney ◽  
A D Gouws ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Structural Brain ◽  
Novel Words

Abstract Introduction Memory for novel words benefits from sleep, particularly non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and its features, such as sleep spindles and slow oscillations. This is consistent with systems consolidation models, in which sleep supports transfer from hippocampal to neocortical memory networks. Larger amounts of slow wave sleep in children has been proposed to account for enhanced consolidation effects, but such studies have typically focused on nocturnal sleep. We examined whether daytime naps benefit word retention in adults and children aged 10–12 years, and whether this relationship in children is affected by differences in white matter pathway microstructure. We hypothesized that the link between memory consolidation and structural brain connectivity will be mediated by the degree of sleep spindles during the nap. Methods Adults (N = 31; mean age = 20.91, SD = 1.55) and children (N = 38; mean age = 11.95, SD = 0.88) learned spoken novel words, followed by a 90-minute nap opportunity monitored with polysomnography. Memory for the words was tested pre- and post-nap. Children’s structural brain connectivity was measured using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Results Word memory was preserved following sleep in adults, while an adult wake control condition showed deterioration. Similarly, in children memory performance was stable over the nap, with wake control data currently being collected. Analyses relating behavioral changes over the nap to NREM sleep features and structural brain connectivity will be presented. Conclusion In line with sleep-dependent memory consolidation models, daytime naps protect novel words from forgetting in adults and children. Examining potential relationships between nap-based consolidation and structural integrity has important theoretical implications, given the increase in brain connectivity in language areas during childhood, as well as white matter alterations in developmental populations. Support This research was supported by the UK Economic and Social Research Council, grant no. ES/N009924/1.

Classical galactosemia patients can achieve high IQ scores

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Iakovou ◽  
Yannis Dotsikas ◽  
Yannis L. Loukas ◽  
Kleopatra H. Schulpis
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Classical Galactosemia ◽  
High Intelligence ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
University Degree ◽  
Very High

Abstract Very recently, it was reported that a patient with classical galactosemia and a very high intelligence quotient (IQ) score obtained a university degree. In the present study, two siblings with classical galactosemia (homozygous for Q188R mutation) received upper normal IQ scores when tested with psychometric tools. Additionally, the same IQ scores were determined in their healthy brother when tested at the same age. It was concluded that patients could achieve upper normal IQ scores when on diet and followed up closely. Family and especially maternal care may ameliorate the psychomotor development.

Brain connectivity in body dysmorphic disorder compared with controls: a diffusion tensor imaging study

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2513-2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Buchanan ◽  
S. L. Rossell ◽  
J. J. Maller ◽  
W. L. Toh ◽  
S. Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Caudate Nuclei ◽  
White Matter Connectivity ◽  
The Brain

BackgroundSeveral neuroimaging studies have investigated brain grey matter in people with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), showing possible abnormalities in the limbic system, orbitofrontal cortex, caudate nuclei and temporal lobes. This study takes these findings forward by investigating white matter properties in BDD compared with controls using diffusion tensor imaging. It was hypothesized that the BDD sample would have widespread significantly reduced white matter connectivity as characterized by fractional anisotropy (FA).MethodA total of 20 participants with BDD and 20 healthy controls matched on age, gender and handedness underwent diffusion tensor imaging. FA, a measure of water diffusion within a voxel, was compared between groups on a voxel-by-voxel basis across the brain using tract-based spatial statistics within the FSL package.ResultsResults showed that, compared with healthy controls, BDD patients demonstrated significantly lower FA (p < 0.05) in most major white matter tracts throughout the brain, including in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and corpus callosum. Lower FA levels could be accounted for by increased radial diffusivity as characterized by eigenvalues 2 and 3. No area of higher FA was found in BDD.ConclusionsThis study provided the first evidence of compromised white matter integrity within BDD patients. This suggests that there are inefficient connections between different brain areas, which may explain the cognitive and emotion regulation deficits within BDD patients.

scholarly journals Accelerated decline in white matter microstructure in subsequently impaired older adults and its relationship with cognitive decline.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen A Williams ◽  
Andrea T Shafer ◽  
Evian Perez Rivra ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Bennett Allen Landman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Longitudinal Diffusion ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
The Right

INTRODUCTION: Little is known about longitudinal decline in white matter (WM) microstructure and its associations with cognition in preclinical Alzheimers disease (AD). METHODS: Longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging and neuropsychological testing from 50 older adults who subsequently developed mild cognitive impairment or dementia (subsequently impaired, SI) and 200 cognitively normal controls. Rates of WM decline were compared between groups using voxel-wise linear mixed-effects models. Associations between change in WM and cognition were examined. RESULTS: SI had faster decline in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (R.IFOF) and bilateral splenium of the corpus callosum. Decline in R.IFOF FA was related to decline in verbal memory, visuospatial ability, processing speed, and MMSE (p≤ 0.05). Decline in bilateral splenium FA was related to decline in verbal fluency, processing speed, and MMSE (p≤ 0.05). DISCUSSION: Accelerated regional WM decline is characteristic of preclinical AD and related to domain specific cognitive decline.

TU-CD-BRB-05: Radiation Damage Signature of White Matter Fiber Bundles Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (6Part32) ◽  
pp. 3603-3603
Author(s):  
T Zhu ◽  
C Chapman ◽  
C Tsien ◽  
T Lawrence ◽  
Y Cao
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

scholarly journals Diffusion Maps Clustering for Magnetic Resonance Q-Ball Imaging Segmentation

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian Wassermann ◽  
Maxime Descoteaux ◽  
Rachid Deriche
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Diffusion Imaging ◽  
Orientation Distribution ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Diffusion Maps ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Number Of Clusters

White matter fiber clustering aims to get insight about anatomical structures in order to generate atlases, perform clear visualizations, and compute statistics across subjects, all important and current neuroimaging problems. In this work, we present a diffusion maps clustering method applied to diffusion MRI in order to segment complex white matter fiber bundles. It is well known that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is restricted in complex fiber regions with crossings and this is why recent high-angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) such as Q-Ball imaging (QBI) has been introduced to overcome these limitations. QBI reconstructs the diffusion orientation distribution function (ODF), a spherical function that has its maxima agreeing with the underlying fiber populations. In this paper, we use a spherical harmonic ODF representation as input to the diffusion maps clustering method. We first show the advantage of using diffusion maps clustering over classical methods such as N-Cuts and Laplacian eigenmaps. In particular, our ODF diffusion maps requires a smaller number of hypothesis from the input data, reduces the number of artifacts in the segmentation, and automatically exhibits the number of clusters segmenting the Q-Ball image by using an adaptive scale-space parameter. We also show that our ODF diffusion maps clustering can reproduce published results using the diffusion tensor (DT) clustering with N-Cuts on simple synthetic images without crossings. On more complex data with crossings, we show that our ODF-based method succeeds to separate fiber bundles and crossing regions whereas the DT-based methods generate artifacts and exhibit wrong number of clusters. Finally, we show results on a real-brain dataset where we segment well-known fiber bundles.

Disrupted White Matter Networks from Subjective Memory Impairment to Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Wen Shao ◽  
Xuwen He ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Wuhai Tao ◽  
Junying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Subjective Memory Impairment ◽  
Parietal Lobes ◽  
Network Disruptions

Background and Objective: Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is a preclinical stage prior to amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) along with the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) continuum. We hypothesized that SMI patients had white matter (WM) network disruptions similar to those in aMCI patients. Methods: We used diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging and graph theory to construct, analyze, and compare the WM networks among 20 normal controls (NC), 20 SMI patients, and 20 aMCI patients. Results: Compared with the NC group, the SMI group had significantly decreased global and local efficiency and an increased shortest path length. Moreover, similar to the aMCI group, the SMI group had lower nodal efficiency in regions located in the frontal and parietal lobes, limbic systems, and caudate nucleus compared to that of the NC group. Conclusion: Similar to aMCI patient, SMI patients exhibited WM network disruptions, and detection of these disruptions could facilitate the early detection of SMI.

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