scholarly journals UV induced changes in proteome of rats plasma are reversed by dermally applied cannabidiol

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gęgotek ◽  
Sinemyiz Atalay ◽  
Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Effective Compound ◽  
Proline Rich Protein ◽  
Radiation Type

AbstractUV radiation is known to induce a multiple changes in the metabolism of skin-building cells, what can affect the functioning not only neighboring cells, but also, following signal transduction releasing into the blood vessels, the entire body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the proteomic disturbances occurred in plasma of chronically UVA/UVB irradiated rats and define the effect on these changes of skin topically applied cannabidiol (CBD). Obtained results showed significant changes in the expression of numerous anti-inflammatory and signaling proteins including: NFκB inhibitor, 14-3-3 protein, protein kinase C, keratin, and protein S100 after UV irradiation and CBD treatment. Moreover, the effects of UVA and UVB were manifested by increased level of lipid peroxidation products—protein adducts formation. CBD partially prevented all of these changes, but in a various degree depending on the UV radiation type. Moreover, topical treatment with CBD resulted in the penetration of CBD into the blood and, as a consequence, in direct modifications to the plasma protein structure by creating CBD adducts with molecules, such as proline-rich protein 30, transcription factor 19, or N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase, what significantly changed the activity of these proteins. In conclusion, it may be suggested that CBD applied topically may be an effective compound against systemic UV-induced oxidative stress, but its effectiveness requires careful analysis of CBD's effects on other tissues of the living organism.

Signaling through GP Ib-IX-V activates αIIbβ3 independently of other receptors

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 3403-3411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Kasirer-Friede ◽  
Maria Rita Cozzi ◽  
Mario Mazzucato ◽  
Luigi De Marco ◽  
Zaverio M. Ruggeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
A1 Domain ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Pharmacologic Inhibition

Abstract Platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor (VWF) activates αIIbβ3, a prerequisite for thrombus formation. However, it is unclear whether the primary VWF receptor, glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V, mediates αIIbβ3 activation directly or through other signaling proteins physically associated with it (eg, FcR γ-chain), possibly with the contribution of other agonist receptors and of VWF signaling through αIIbβ3. To resolve this question, human and GP Ibα transgenic mouse platelets were plated on dimeric VWF A1 domain (dA1VWF), which engages only GP Ib-IX-V, in the presence of inhibitors of other agonist receptors. Platelet adhesion to dA1VWF induced Src kinase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the FcR γ-chain and the adapter molecule, ADAP, and triggered intracellular Ca2+ oscillations and αIIbβ3 activation. Inhibition of Ca2+ oscillations with BAPTA-AM prevented αIIbβ3 activation but not tyrosine phosphorylation. Pharmacologic inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) prevented αIIbβ3 activation but not Ca2+ oscillations. Inhibition of Src with 2 distinct compounds blocked all responses downstream of GP Ib-IX-V under static or flow conditions. However, dA1VWF-induced responses were reduced only slightly in GP Ibα transgenic platelets lacking FcR γ-chain. These data establish that GP Ib-IX-V itself can signal to activate αIIbβ3, through sequential actions of Src kinases, Ca2+ oscillations, and PI 3-kinase/PKC. (Blood. 2004;103:3403-3411)

Protein Kinase C–Induced Changes in the Stoichiometry of ATP Binding Activate Cardiac ATP-Sensitive K+Channels

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Light ◽  
Aftab A. Sabir ◽  
Bruce G. Allen ◽  
Michael P. Walsh ◽  
Robert J. French
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Atp Binding ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Induced Changes

The effects of ultraviolet and visible light on common furs: Color changes, photooxidation and the use of Tinuvin 292 as a photoprotectant

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-33
Author(s):  
Corina E. Rogge ◽  
Anya Shullman
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Preventative Treatment ◽  
Total Reflectance ◽  
B Values ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Induced Changes

Abstract In order to determine the light sensitivities of commonly encountered furs, 17 furs from 12 species were exposed to 1.97 Mlx hours of light from a xenon arc lamp, filtered either to simulate window-filtered daylight or to remove all ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Comparison with coexposed Blue Wools showed that most samples were relatively lightfast (Blue Wool 5 or better), with darker specimens being more lightfast. Examination of the Commission internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) L*a*b* values revealed fading but also other changes: some furs darkened, and other experienced changes in b* values. Removal of UV radiation prevented darkening and usually decreased the magnitude of ΔE76 but did not prevent color changes, and one species exhibited greater change under visible light. Changes in color were accompanied by photooxidation of the keratin of all species as assessed by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy; the extent of photooxidation was decreased by filtering out UV radiation. Pre-exposure treatment with a spray application of a 1% solution of Tinuvin 292, a hindered amine light stabilizer, offered some protection against both UV and visible light-induced changes. Tinuvin 292 pre-exposure also helped prevent keratin photooxidation and light-induced mechanical damage and thus may be an appropriate preventative treatment when light exposure is unavoidable.

Increased Rho activation and PKC-mediated smooth muscle contractility in the absence of caveolin-1

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. C1326-C1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Shakirova ◽  
Johan Bonnevier ◽  
Sebastian Albinsson ◽  
Mikael Adner ◽  
Bengt Rippe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Muscarinic Agonist ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Caveolin 1 ◽  
Femoral Arteries ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Arterial Contraction ◽  
Relative Mrna Expression

Caveolae are omega-shaped membrane invaginations that are abundant in smooth muscle cells. Since many receptors and signaling proteins co-localize with caveolae, these have been proposed to integrate important signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to test whether RhoA/Rho-kinase and protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated Ca2+ sensitization depends on caveolae using caveolin (Cav)-1-deficient (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. In WT smooth muscle, caveolae were detected and Cav-1, -2 and -3 proteins were expressed. Relative mRNA expression levels were ∼15:1:1 for Cav-1, -2, and -3, respectively. Caveolae were absent in KO and reduced levels of Cav-2 and Cav-3 proteins were seen. In intact ileum longitudinal muscle, no differences in the responses to 5-HT or the muscarinic agonist carbachol were found, whereas contraction elicited by endothelin-1 was reduced. Rho activation by GTPγS was increased in KO compared with WT as shown using a pull-down assay. Following α-toxin permeabilization, no difference in Ca2+ sensitivity or in Ca2+ sensitization was detected. In KO femoral arteries, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu)-induced and PKC-mediated contraction was increased. This was associated with increased α1-adrenergic contraction. Following inhibition of PKC, α1-adrenergic contraction was normalized. PDBu-induced Ca2+ sensitization was not increased in permeabilized femoral arteries. In conclusion, Rho activation, but not Ca2+ sensitization, depends on caveolae in the ileum. Moreover, PKC driven arterial contraction is increased in the absence of caveolin-1. This depends on an intact plasma membrane and is not associated with altered Ca2+ sensitivity.

scholarly journals Stat6 and IRS-2 Cooperate in Interleukin 4 (IL-4)-Induced Proliferation and Differentiation but Are Dispensable for IL-4-Dependent Rescue from Apoptosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L. Wurster ◽  
Dominic J. Withers ◽  
Tohru Uchida ◽  
Morris F. White ◽  
Michael J. Grusby
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Protein Tyrosine ◽  
Antiapoptotic Effect ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACT Stat6 and IRS-2 are two important signaling proteins that associate with the cytoplasmic tail of the interleukin 4 (IL-4) receptor. Data from numerous in vitro experiments have led to a model for IL-4 signal transduction in which the Stat6 signaling pathway is responsible for the IL-4 induced changes in gene expression and differentiation events, while the IRS-2 signaling pathway provides mitogenic and antiapoptotic signals. In order to determine the relative contributions of these signaling molecules in primary lymphocytes, we have examined IL-4 responses in T cells from mice deficient for either Stat6 or IRS-2 as well as from mice doubly deficient for both genes. Both IRS-2 and, especially, Stat6 are shown to be critically involved in IL-4-induced proliferation of T cells, presumably through the cooperative regulation of the Cdk inhibitor p27kip1. Like Stat6-deficient Th cells, IRS-2-deficient cells are also compromised in their ability to secrete Th2 cytokines, revealing a previously unrecognized role for IRS-2 in Th2 cell development. Although Stat6 and/or IRS-2 expression is required for IL-4-induced proliferative and differentiative responses, both signaling proteins are dispensable for the antiapoptotic effect of IL-4. However, treatment of lymphocytes with a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor is able to block the antiapoptotic effect of IL-4 specifically in Stat6- or IRS-2-deficient cells and not in wild-type cells. Our results suggest that Stat6 and IRS-2 cooperate in promoting both IL-4-induced proliferative and differentiating responses, while an additional signaling mediator that depends on protein tyrosine phosphatase activity contributes to the antiapoptotic activities of IL-4 in primary T cells.

scholarly journals Geometric, Environmental and Hardware Error Sources of a Ground-Based Interferometric Real-Aperture FMCW Radar System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Gundersen ◽  
Richard Norland ◽  
Cecilie Rolstad Denby
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Radar System ◽  
Corner Reflector ◽  
Error Sources ◽  
Fmcw Radar ◽  
Radar Systems ◽  
Range Cell ◽  
Induced Changes

Ground-based interferometric radar systems have numerous environmental monitoring applications in geoscience. Development of a relatively simple ground-based interferometric real-aperture FMCW radar (GB-InRAR) system that can be readily deployed in field without an established set of corner reflectors will meet the present and future need for real-time monitoring of the expected increased number of geohazard events due to climate changes. Several effects affect electromagnetic waves and limit the measurement accuracy, and a careful analysis of the setup of the deployed radar system in field is essential to achieve adequate results. In this paper, we present radar measurement of a moving square trihedral corner reflector from experiments conducted in both the field and laboratory, and assess the error sources with focus on the geometry, hardware and environmental effects on interferometric and differential interferometric measurements. A theoretical model is implemented to assess deviations between theory and measurements. The main observed effects are variations in radio refractivity, multipath interference and inter-reflector interference. Measurement error due to radar hardware and the environment are analyzed, as well as how the geometry of the measurement setup affects the nominal range-cell extent. It is found that for this experiment the deviation between interferometry and differential interferometry is mainly due to variations in the radio refractivity, and temperature-induced changes in the electrical length of the microwave cables. The results show that with careful design and analysis of radar parameters and radar system geometry the measurement accuracy of a GB-InRAR system without the use of deployed corner reflectors is comparable to the accuracy of differential interferometric measurements. A GB-InRAR system can therefore be used during sudden geo-hazard events without established corner reflector infrastructure, and the results are also valid for other high-precision interferometric radar systems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document