A structured exercise to relieve musculoskeletal pain caused by face-down posture after retinal surgery: a randomized controlled trial

AbstractFace-down posture after vitrectomy physically burdens patients. Despite being of significant concern for patients, the intraoperative pain and discomfort has not been of great interest to retinal surgeons or researchers. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of a 3-day novel structured exercise on reducing musculoskeletal pain from the face-down posture in 61 participants (31 in the exercise group) who underwent vitrectomy. Among the subjects, the median age was 62 years, 42 were female, 42 had macular holes, and 19 had retinal detachments. Participants in the exercise group received initial education on the exercise and performed three daily active exercise sessions. After the sessions, the exercise group had median numeric pain scores of 2, 1, and 1 at the back neck, shoulder, and lower back, respectively, while the control group had corresponding scores of 5, 3, and 4, respectively. The exercise group reported significantly lower pain scores (P = .003, .039, and .006 for the back neck, shoulder, and lower back, respectively). Application of the structured exercise would alleviate the patients’ position-induced postoperative physical burden, by reducing pain and discomfort.

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The Effect of a Multicomponent Dual-Task Exercise on Cortical Thickness in Older Adults with Cognitive Decline: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051312 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1312

Author(s):

Seongryu Bae ◽

Kenji Harada ◽

Sangyoon Lee ◽

Kazuhiro Harada ◽

Keitaro Makino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Training ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled

The aim of this study was to examine cortical thickness changes associated with a multicomponent exercise intervention combining physical exercise and cognitive training in older adults with cognitive decline. This study involved a secondary analysis of neuroimaging data from a randomized controlled trial with 280 older adults having cognitive decline who were randomly assigned to either a multicomponent exercise group (n = 140) that attended weekly 90-minute exercise and cognitive training sessions or a health education control group (n = 140). The cortical thickness and cognitive performance were assessed at the baseline and at trial completion (10 months). The cortical thickness in the frontal and temporal regions was determined using FreeSurfer software. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool (NCGG-FAT). The cortical thickness significantly increased in the middle temporal (p < 0.001) and temporal pole (p < 0.001) in the multicomponent exercise group compared with the control group. Cortical thickness changes were significantly associated with change in trail making test (TMT)-A, TMT-B, and story memory after a 10-month multicomponent exercise intervention. This study suggests that multicomponent exercise programs combining physical exercise and cognitive training have important implications for brain health, especially in providing protection from age-related cortical thinning.

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Effect of Physician-Pharmacist Participation in the Management of Ambulatory Cancer Pain Through a Digital Health Platform: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.24555 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lu Zhang ◽

Howard L McLeod ◽

Ke-Ke Liu ◽

Wen-Hui Liu ◽

Hang-Xing Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Pain Management ◽

Cancer Pain ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Self Management ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Pain Scores

BACKGROUND Self-management of ambulatory cancer pain is full of challenges. Motivated by the need for better pain management, we developed a WeChat-supported platform, Medication Housekeeper (MediHK), to enhance communication, optimize outcomes, and promote self-management in the home setting. OBJECTIVE We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess whether the joint physician-pharmacist team through MediHK would provide better self-management of ambulatory patients with cancer pain. METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or control group. During the 4-week study period, the pharmacist would send 24-hour pain diaries daily, adverse drug reaction (ADR) forms every 3 days, and the Brief Pain Inventory form every 15 days to patients in the intervention group via MediHK. If a patient needed a change in drug/dosage or treatment of an ADR after the comprehensive review, the pharmacist would propose pharmacological interventions to the attending physician, who was then responsible for prescribing or adjusting pain medications. If no adjustments were needed, the pharmacist provided appropriate targeted education based on knowledge deficits. Patients in the control group received conventional care and did not receive reminders to fill out the forms. However, if the control group patients filled out a form via MediHK, the pain management team would review and respond in the same way as for the intervention group. The primary outcomes included pain intensity and pain interference in daily life. Secondary outcomes included patient-reported outcome measures, medication adherence, ADRs, and rehospitalization rates. RESULTS A total of 100 patients were included, with 51 (51%) in the intervention group and 49 (49%) in the control group. The worst pain scores, least pain scores, and average pain scores in the intervention group and the control group were statistically different, with median values of 4 (IQR 3-7) vs 7 (IQR 6-8; P=.001), 1 (IQR 0-2) vs 2 (IQR 1-3; P=.02), and 2 (IQR 2-4) vs 4 (IQR 3-5; P=.001), respectively, at the end of the study. The pain interference on patients' general activity, mood, relationships with others, and interests was reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant compared with the control group (Ps=.10-.76). The medication adherence rate increased from 43% to 63% in the intervention group, compared with an increase of 33% to 51% in the control group (P<.001). The overall number of ADRs increased at 4 weeks, and more ADRs were monitored in the intervention group (P=.003). Rehospitalization rates were similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS The joint physician-pharmacist team operating through MediHK improved pain management. This study supports the feasibility of integrating the internet into the self-management of cancer pain. CLINICALTRIAL Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900023075; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=36901

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Comparison of Single Antibiotic Paste Nitrofurantoin and Calcium Hydroxide Paste as Intracanal Medicaments in Alleviating Post-Operative Pain in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis -A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i46a32891 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 484-494

Author(s):

Hira Abbasi ◽

Abhishek Lal ◽

Ammara Shamim Jaffrani

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Post Operative Pain ◽

Group 2 ◽

Irreversible Pulpitis ◽

Group 1

Aims: This study aims to compare the efficacy in alleviating pain between intracanal medicaments, namely Nitrofurantoin and Calcium Hydroxide Paste. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Department of Operative Dentistry, Sir Syed College of Medical Sciences, Pakistan, between January 2021 and May 2021. Methodology: 60 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups, each group having 20 patients as following: Group 1: Nitrofurantoin, Group 2: Calcium Hydroxide and Group 3: Control. Preoperative pain was recorded using a numerical pain scale. After access preparation, chemomechanical preparation was performed with subsequent placement of intracanal medicaments. Pre-operative pain score was initially recorded, followed by post-operative pain at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Root canal treatment was performed in single rooted teeth with patients suffering from symptomatic irreversible pulpitis Results: Majority of the patients in all 3 groups were initially presented with moderate to severe pre-operative pain. After 72 hours post-operatively, 50% patients in Group 1 reported no pain, while 5% patients in both Group 2 and 3 had no pain. Pain significantly subsided in Group 1 as compared to Group 2 and 3. Regarding age and gender, both had no significant relationship with the pain scores in all of the 3 groups Conclusion: Nitrofurantoin has been proven to be an effective intracanal medicament in alleviating immediate post-operative pain in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis as compared to calcium hydroxide. While the control group with no intracanal medicament showed little reduction in pain scores. So, nitrofurantoin can be used as a substitute to currently available standard intracanal medicaments.

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Let’s Prefer the Pain Reducing Intervention, Buzzy or ShotBlocker: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Dr Behcet Uz Children s Hospital ◽

10.5222/buchd.2020.13007 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Burcu Aykanat Girgin ◽

Eda Aktaş ◽

Derya Kılınç ◽

Duygu Gözen

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Pediatric Emergency ◽

Parental Satisfaction ◽

University Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Lower Pain

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to detect and compare the effects of ShotBlocker and Buzzy methods on pain, fear, and parental satisfaction during intramuscular injection. METHODS: This study was an experimental randomized controlled trial. The sample included 90 children at the ages of 6 and 12 to whom intramuscular injection was administered in the pediatric emergency department of a university hospital. The participants were randomly assigned to ShotBlocker (n=30), Buzzy (n=30), and control (n=30) groups. Child Information Form, Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, Children’s Fear Scale, and Parental Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to collect the data. RESULTS: ShotBlocker and Buzzy groups had significantly lower pain and fear scores and higher parental satisfaction than control group after the procedure (p=0.0001). The lowest pain and fear score and the highest parental satisfaction score were observed in Buzzy group (p=0.0001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Both ShotBlocker and Buzzy methods reduce pain and fear of children during intramuscular injection and increasing satisfaction of their parents. However, when compared to ShotBlocker, Buzzy method is more effective in reducing intramuscular injection-related pain and fear and should be preferred primarily.

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Exercise and Horticultural Programs for Older Adults with Depressive Symptoms and Memory Problems: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9010099 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hyuma Makizako ◽

Kota Tsutsumimoto ◽

Takehiko Doi ◽

Keitaro Makino ◽

Sho Nakakubo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Memory Problems

Depressive symptoms and memory problems are risk factors for dementia. Exercise can reduce these in older people, and horticultural activity can benefit people with dementia. This study assessed the efficacy of exercise and horticultural interventions for community-dwelling older adults with depressive symptoms and mild memory decline. In this randomized controlled trial, older adults (n = 89) were assigned to exercise, horticultural, or control groups. Exercise and horticultural programs included 20 weekly 90-min sessions. The control group attended two 90-min classes. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, and then 6- and 12-months post-intervention. Primary outcome measures were the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) and Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Walking speed, two-minute walking test scores, social network, life space, and subjective daily physical activity were secondary outcome measures. Compared with the control group, the exercise group obtained higher immediate and delayed recall logical memory scores, and the increase in immediate recall scores remained 12-months post-intervention. Two-minute walking performance improved in the exercise group, but not after 12 months. GDS-15 scores showed no significant improvements. The horticultural and control groups showed no differences. Exercise may improve memory, while horticultural activity may not. The effects of exercise and horticultural interventions on depressive symptoms remain unclear.

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Effect of Physician-Pharmacist Participation in the Management of Ambulatory Cancer Pain Through a Digital Health Platform: Randomized Controlled Trial

JMIR mhealth and uhealth ◽

10.2196/24555 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e24555

Author(s):

Lu Zhang ◽

Howard L McLeod ◽

Ke-Ke Liu ◽

Wen-Hui Liu ◽

Hang-Xing Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Medication Adherence ◽

Pain Management ◽

Cancer Pain ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Self Management ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Pain Scores

Background Self-management of ambulatory cancer pain is full of challenges. Motivated by the need for better pain management, we developed a WeChat-supported platform, Medication Housekeeper (MediHK), to enhance communication, optimize outcomes, and promote self-management in the home setting. Objective We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess whether the joint physician-pharmacist team through MediHK would provide better self-management of ambulatory patients with cancer pain. Methods Patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or control group. During the 4-week study period, the pharmacist would send 24-hour pain diaries daily, adverse drug reaction (ADR) forms every 3 days, and the Brief Pain Inventory form every 15 days to patients in the intervention group via MediHK. If a patient needed a change in drug/dosage or treatment of an ADR after the comprehensive review, the pharmacist would propose pharmacological interventions to the attending physician, who was then responsible for prescribing or adjusting pain medications. If no adjustments were needed, the pharmacist provided appropriate targeted education based on knowledge deficits. Patients in the control group received conventional care and did not receive reminders to fill out the forms. However, if the control group patients filled out a form via MediHK, the pain management team would review and respond in the same way as for the intervention group. The primary outcomes included pain intensity and pain interference in daily life. Secondary outcomes included patient-reported outcome measures, medication adherence, ADRs, and rehospitalization rates. Results A total of 100 patients were included, with 51 (51%) in the intervention group and 49 (49%) in the control group. The worst pain scores, least pain scores, and average pain scores in the intervention group and the control group were statistically different, with median values of 4 (IQR 3-7) vs 7 (IQR 6-8; P=.001), 1 (IQR 0-2) vs 2 (IQR 1-3; P=.02), and 2 (IQR 2-4) vs 4 (IQR 3-5; P=.001), respectively, at the end of the study. The pain interference on patients' general activity, mood, relationships with others, and interests was reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant compared with the control group (Ps=.10-.76). The medication adherence rate increased from 43% to 63% in the intervention group, compared with an increase of 33% to 51% in the control group (P<.001). The overall number of ADRs increased at 4 weeks, and more ADRs were monitored in the intervention group (P=.003). Rehospitalization rates were similar between the 2 groups. Conclusions The joint physician-pharmacist team operating through MediHK improved pain management. This study supports the feasibility of integrating the internet into the self-management of cancer pain. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900023075; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=36901

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High-Intensity Exercise Improves Fatigue, Sleep, and Mood in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial

Physical Therapy ◽

10.1093/ptj/pzaa086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (8) ◽

pp. 1323-1332 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Silje Halvorsen Sveaas ◽

Hanne Dagfinrud ◽

Inger Jorid Berg ◽

Sella Arrestad Provan ◽

Melissa Woll Johansen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

High Intensity ◽

General Health ◽

Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled

Abstract Objective Although exercise is recommended in the treatment of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpa), the focus has been on flexibility, and the effect of high-intensity exercises is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity exercises on fatigue, sleep, and mood in patients with axSpA. Methods In this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, participants were recruited from outpatient clinics at 4 hospitals in Scandinavia. A total of 100 patients with axSpA were randomized to either an exercise group (n = 50) or a control group (n = 50). High-intensity exercise was provided 3 times per week for 3 months and supervised by a physical therapist. The controls received no intervention. Measurements were self-reported at baseline, 3 months, and 12 months: fatigue, using the Fatigue Severity Scale (range = 0–7, 7 = worst, ≥5 = severe); vitality, using the RAND 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36, range = 0–100, 100 = best); sleep, using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (range = 0–21, 21 = worst, >5 = poor quality); mood, using the General Health Questionnaire 12 (range = 0–36, 36 = worst); and general health, using the EUROQoL (range = 0–100, 100 = best). Results A total of 38 participants (76%) in the exercise group followed ≥80% of the exercise protocol. At 3 months, there was a significant beneficial effect on fatigue (mean group differences = −0.4, 95% CI = −0.7 to −0.1), vitality (5.0, 95% CI = 1.1 to 10.5), mood (−2, 95% CI = −3.7 to −0.04), and general health (9.0, 95% CI = 3.3 to 14.7) but no effect on sleep (−1.1, 95% CI = −2.1 to 0.2). Compared with the control group, the exercise group had a reduced rate of severe fatigue and poor sleep. No differences were seen between the groups at 12 months. Conclusions A 3-month exercise program had a beneficial effect on fatigue, sleep, mood, and general health in patients with axSpA at the end of the intervention; however, no long-term effects were seen. Impact High-intensity cardiorespiratory and strength exercises should be considered as important in exercise programs for patients with axSpA.

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A pilot randomized controlled trial of exercise to improve cognitive performance in patients with stable glioma: a proof of concept

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noz178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 103-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karin Gehring ◽

Martijn M Stuiver ◽

Eva Visser ◽

Corelien Kloek ◽

Martin van den Bent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract Background Patients with glioma often suffer from cognitive deficits. Physical exercise has been effective in ameliorating cognitive deficits in older adults and neurological patients. This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) explored the possible impact of an exercise intervention, designed to improve cognitive functioning in glioma patients, regarding cognitive test performance and patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Methods Thirty-four clinically stable patients with World Health Organization grades II/III glioma were randomized to a home-based remotely coached exercise group or an active control group. Patients exercised 3 times per week for 20–45 minutes, with moderate to vigorous intensity, during 6 months. At baseline and immediate follow-up, cognitive performance and PROs were assessed with neuropsychological tests and questionnaires, respectively. Linear regression analyses were used to estimate effect sizes of potential between-group differences in cognitive performance and PROs at 6 months. Results The exercise group (n = 21) had small- to medium-sized better follow-up scores than the control group (n = 11) on several measures of attention and information processing speed, verbal memory, and executive function, whereas the control group showed a slightly better score on a measure of sustained selective attention. The exercise group also demonstrated small- to medium-sized better outcomes on measures of self-reported cognitive symptoms, fatigue, sleep, mood, and mental health–related quality of life. Conclusions This small exploratory RCT in glioma patients provides a proof of concept with respect to improvement of cognitive functioning and PROs after aerobic exercise, and warrants larger exercise trials in brain tumor patients.

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The effects of Baduanjin exercise on fatigue and quality of life in patients with heart failure: A randomized controlled trial

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing ◽

10.1177/1474515117744770 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 456-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Dai-Mei Chen ◽

Wen-Chung Yu ◽

Huei-Fong Hung ◽

Jen-Chen Tsai ◽

Hsiao-Ying Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Heart Failure ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Patients With Heart Failure ◽

Over Time

Aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Baduanjin exercise on fatigue and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Methods: The study was a randomized controlled trial. Participants diagnosed with heart failure were recruited from two large medical centers in northern Taiwan. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention ( n=39) or control ( n=41) groups. Patients in the intervention group underwent a 12-week Baduanjin exercise program, which included Baduanjin exercise three times per week for 12 weeks at home, a 35-minute Baduanjin exercise demonstration video, a picture-based educational brochure, and a performance record form. The control group received usual care and received no intervention. Fatigue and quality of life were assessed using a structural questionnaire at baseline, four weeks, eight weeks, and 12 weeks after the intervention. Results: Participants in the Baduanjin exercise group showed significant improvement in fatigue ( F=5.08, p=0.009) and quality of life ( F=9.11, p=0.001) over time from baseline to week 12 after the intervention. Those in the control group showed significantly worse fatigue ( F=3.46, p=0.033) over time from baseline to week 12 and no significant changes in quality of life ( F=0.70, p=0.518). Compared to the control group, the exercise group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in fatigue and quality of life at four weeks, eight weeks, and 12 weeks. Conclusions: This simple traditional exercise is recommended for Taiwanese patients with heart failure in order to improve their fatigue and quality of life.

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Adding a low-concentration sciatic nerve block to total knee arthroplasty in patients susceptible to the adverse effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): a randomized controlled trial

BMC Anesthesiology ◽

10.1186/s12871-021-01491-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Busara Sirivanasandha ◽

Kulwadee Sutthivaiyakit ◽

Thippatai Kerdchan ◽

Suppachai Poolsuppasit ◽

Suwimon Tangwiwat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Adductor Canal ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Total Knee

Abstract Background This study compared the effects of adductor canal blocks with those of a low concentration of popliteal-sciatic nerve block (SNB) and dexamethasone as an adjunctive technique for total knee arthroplasties (TKA) in patients susceptible to the adverse effects of NSAIDs. Methods A prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled trial was performed in 50 patients susceptible to the adverse effects of NSAIDs undergoing unilateral TKAs. All patients received spinal anesthesia, adductor canal blocks, and periarticular infiltration. The 25 patients in the intervention group received SNB (0.125% bupivacaine [20 ml] and dexamethasone [5 mg]). Results The SNB group significantly had lower median resting pain scores at 6, 12, and 18 h: the control group, 1 (0–4.5), 3 (0–5), and 3 (2–5); the intervention group, 0 (0–0), 0 (0–3), and 1 (0–3); p-values, 0.012, 0.021, and 0.010, respectively. Movement-evoked pain scores at 6, 12, and 18 h were also lower: control group, 3 (0–5.5), 5 (2.5–6.5), and 7 (4–9); intervention group, 0 (0–1.5), 2 (0–4), and 3 (2–5); p-values, 0.019, 0.005, and 0.001, respectively. There were no differences in motor function. Moreover, the mean morphine consumption 24 h was also reduced in the SNB group: control group, 3.80 ± 2.48 mg; intervention group, 1.96 ± 2 mg; p-value, 0.005. Conclusion For patients susceptible to the adverse effects of NSAIDs, a low concentration of SNB and dexamethasone is an effective adjunctive technique for early postoperative pain control (especially on movement) following TKAs, without an increase in motor weakness. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03486548, Registered 3 April 2018.

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