scholarly journals Adapting the visuo-haptic perception through muscle coactivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerolamo Carboni ◽  
Thrishantha Nanayakkara ◽  
Atsushi Takagi ◽  
Etienne Burdet
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Motion Planning ◽  
Haptic Perception ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Mechanical Interaction ◽  
Elastic Band

AbstractWhile the nervous system can coordinate muscles’ activation to shape the mechanical interaction with the environment, it is unclear if and how the arm’s coactivation influences visuo-haptic perception and motion planning. Here we show that the nervous system can voluntarily coactivate muscles to improve the quality of the haptic percept. Subjects tracked a randomly moving visual target they were physically coupled to through a virtual elastic band, where the stiffness of the coupling increased with wrist coactivation. Subjects initially relied on vision alone to track the target, but with practice they learned to combine the visual and haptic percepts in a Bayesian manner to improve their tracking performance. This improvement cannot be explained by the stronger mechanical guidance from the elastic band. These results suggest that with practice the nervous system can learn to integrate a novel haptic percept with vision in an optimal fashion.

scholarly journals Adaptive Visuo-haptic Perception through Muscle Coactivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerolamo Carboni ◽  
Thrishantha Nanayakkara ◽  
Atsushi Takagi ◽  
Etienne Burdet
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Motion Planning ◽  
Haptic Perception ◽  
Visual Target ◽  
Tracking Performance ◽  
Mechanical Interaction ◽  
Elastic Band

Abstract While the nervous system can coordinate muscles’ activation to shape the mechanical interaction with the environment, it is unclear if and how the arm’s coactivation influences visuo-haptic perception and motion planning. Here we show that the nervous system can voluntarily coactivate muscles to improve the quality of the haptic percept. Subjects tracked a randomly moving visual target, to which they were physically coupled by a virtual elastic band whose stiffness increased with wrist coactivation. Subjects initially relied on vision alone to track the target, but with practice they learned to combine the visual and haptic percepts in a Bayesian manner to improve their tracking performance. This improvement cannot be explained by the stronger mechanical guidance from the elastic band. These results suggest that with practice the nervous system can learn to integrate a novel haptic percept with vision in an optimal fashion.

scholarly journals Trend-aware motion planning for wheeled mobile robots operating in dynamic environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 172988142092529
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Fengji Dai ◽  
Shaobo Zhang ◽  
Yangqing Wang ◽  
Zhenhua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Motion Estimation ◽  
Motion Planning ◽  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Dynamic Environments ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Motion Prediction ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Wheeled Mobile Robots

Planning collision-free trajectories is essential for wheeled mobile robots operating in dynamic environments safely and efficiently. Most current trajectory generation methods focus on achieving optimal trajectories in static maps and considering dynamic obstacles as static depending on the precise motion estimation of the obstacles. However, in realistic applications, dealing with dynamic obstacles that have low reliable motion estimation is a common situation. Furthermore, inaccurate motion estimation leads to poor quality of motion prediction. To generate safe and smooth trajectories in such a dynamic environment, we propose a motion planning algorithm called trend-aware motion planning (TAMP) for dynamic obstacle avoidance, which combines with timed-elastic band. Instead of considering dynamic obstacles as static, our planning approach predicts the moving trends of the obstacles based on the given estimation. Subsequently, the approach generates a trajectory away from dynamic obstacles, meanwhile, avoiding the moving trends of the obstacles. To cope with multiple constraints, an optimization approach is adopted to refine the generated trajectory and minimize the cost. A comparison of our approach against other state-of-the-art methods is conducted. Results show that trajectories generated by TAMP are robust to handle the poor quality of obstacles’ motion prediction and have better efficiency and performance.

scholarly journals QOL-36. USE OF CANNABINOIDS IN THE PEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMOR POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii438-iii438
Author(s):  
Kathleen Dorris ◽  
Jessica Channell ◽  
Ashley Mettetal ◽  
Molly Hemenway ◽  
Natalie Briones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND Cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are a class of compounds found in marijuana. Numerous studies in adults have examined cannabinoid use in management of cancer-related symptoms such as nausea, anorexia, and pain. Less is known about the use in the pediatric oncology population. METHODS A prospective observational study has been ongoing since 2016 at Children’s Hospital Colorado to evaluate cannabinoids’ impact using PedsQL™ modules on quality of life of pediatric patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors who are 2–18 years old. Laboratory assessments of T-cell activity and pharmacokinetics of CBD, THC and associated metabolites are in process. Diaries with exploratory information on cannabinoid use patterns are being collected. RESULTS Thirty-three patients (14:19; male:female) have been enrolled with a median age of 6.4 years (range, 2.9–17.7 years). The most common tumor type in enrolled patients is embryonal tumors (13/33; 39%). Nine (27%) patients have low-grade glial/glioneuronal tumors, and eight (24%) had high-grade/diffuse midline gliomas. The remaining patients had ependymoma or craniopharyngioma. The median time on cannabinoids is 9 months. Most (n=20) patients have used oral products with CBD and THC. One patient continues on cannabinoid therapy in follow up. Preliminary immune function analyses identified impaired neutrophil superoxide anion production and chemotaxis in patients taking cannabinoids at early time points on therapy. CONCLUSIONS Families of children with various CNS tumors are pursuing cannabinoid therapy for both antitumor and supportive care purposes. Analysis of the impact of cannabinoids on patients’ quality of life is ongoing.

Defining and Timing of Palliative Opportunities in Children with Central Nervous System Tumors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A McCauley Massie ◽  
Jonathan Ebelhar ◽  
Kristen E Allen ◽  
Nicholas P DeGroote ◽  
Karen Wasilewski-Masker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Cns Tumors ◽  
Do Not Resuscitate ◽  
Intensive Care Admission ◽  
Repeated Events

Abstract Background Children with brain and central nervous system (CNS) tumors experience substantial challenges to their quality of life during their disease course. These challenges are opportunities for increased subspecialty palliative care (PC) involvement. Palliative opportunities have been defined in the pediatric oncology population, but the frequency, timing, and factors associated with palliative opportunities in pediatric patients with CNS tumors are unknown. Methods A single-institution retrospective review was performed on children ages 0-18 diagnosed with a CNS tumor who died between 01/01/2012-11/30/2017. Nine palliative opportunities were defined prior to data collection (progression; relapse; admission for severe symptoms; intensive care admission; bone marrow transplant; phase 1 trial; hospice; do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order). Demographic, disease, treatment, palliative opportunity, and end-of-life data were collected. Opportunities were evaluated over quartiles from diagnosis to death. Results Amongst 101 patients with a median age at death of eight years (Interquartile range, IQR=8.0, range 0-22), there was a median of seven (IQR=6) palliative opportunities per patient, which increased closer to death. PC consultation occurred in 34 (33.7%) patients, at a median of 2.2 months before death, and was associated with having a DNR order (p=0.0028). Hospice was involved for 72 (71.3%) patients. Conclusion Children with CNS tumors suffered repeated events warranting PC yet received PC support only one-third of the time. Mapping palliative opportunities over the cancer course promotes earlier timing of PC consultation which can decrease suffering and resuscitation attempts at the end-of-life.

Behandeling van spasticiteit met enkele overwegingen naar sport toe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. DECLERCK ◽  
F. HEISTERCAMP ◽  
K. SLABBYNCK ◽  
A. BOSMANS
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Limited Function ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Interventional Therapies

Treatment of spasticity with some considerations regarding sport Spasticity is a possible side effect in patients with a central nervous system pathology and it affects more than 12 million people worldwide. Spasticity can have an important impact on the quality of life and sporting activities. Spasticity only needs to be treated if there is spasticity associated pain and/or (expected) limited function. Primarily triggering factors of spasticity must be treated. A multidisciplinary approach containing a combination of medication and physical therapy is recommended in the treatment of spasticity. If this approach remains insufficient, interventional therapies can be taken into consideration, although they should always be combined with rehabilitation to reduce (the) spastic tone/spasticity. Sports and exercising should not be merely seen in the context of therapy and/or rehabilitation but also as a crucial aspect of a healthy lifestyle, in particular for people ‘at risk’ for inactivity. Therefore, it is important to fill the gap between rehabilitation and sustainable sports practice for the rehabilitator.

scholarly journals Sentra PM (a Medical Food) and Trazodone in the Management of Sleep Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. JCNSD.S9381
Author(s):  
William E. Shell Md ◽  
Lawrence A. May Md ◽  
Debora H. Bullias Bs, Cra, Crc ◽  
Stephanie L. Pavlik Cra ◽  
David S. Silver Md
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽  
Medical Food ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous System Activity

Sleep disorders are a common and poorly treated disease state. This double blind, four arm placebo-controlled, randomized trial compared (1) low dose trazodone, (2) Sentra PM, a neurotransmitter based medical food, (3) the joint administration of trazodone and the medical food Sentra PM and (4) placebo. There were 111 subjects studied in 12 independent sites. Subjects underwent baseline screening, informed consent and an initial sleep questionnaire. After 14 days subjects underwent a second evaluation by questionnaire. At baseline and Day 14 the subjects underwent 24 hour ECG recordings that were analyzed in the frequency domain of heart rate variability. The specific high frequency parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity was analyzed. The primary endpoints were sleep latency and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system improvement in sleeping hours. The results showed improvement in sleep latency for the Sentra PM and combination of Sentra PM and trazodone (−41 and −56 minutes P < 0.001). There was an improvement in quality of sleep for the amino acid formulation Sentra PM and the combination (3.86 and 6.48 Likert units on a 10 point scale P < 0.001). There was an activation of circadian activity percent at night in the medical food and combination groups while there was no change in parasympathetic activity in either the placebo or trazodone group. These data indicate that Sentra PM can improve the quality of sleep, the response to trazodone as a sleep medication and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system activity.

Distribution of the preferred clothing pressure over the whole body

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 2187-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamaki Mitsuno ◽  
Ayaka Kai
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Elastic Band ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Pressure Load ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Clothing Pressure

A system for measuring clothing pressure employing a renewed hydrostatic pressure-balancing method was examined using three calibration methods. All methods revealed an almost perfectly linear Y = X relation for the pressure load (X) and the reading of the system (Y). In the application, the distributions of elastic band pressure were examined on 21 planes from head to foot. The preferred elastic band pressures of the leg and arm were significantly higher than those of the neck and abdomen. These results are due to the large presence of the autonomic nervous system at the surfaces of the neck and abdomen. In the area of the abdomen, the preferred elastic band pressure was higher from the mammilla to the shoulder than for the anteroposterior midlines. The development of compression ware must consider appropriate tightening for each body part.

scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of Multiple sclerosis: Brazilian and global overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorrane de Moura Moreira ◽  
Bruna Stefany Alves Françozo ◽  
Bruno Barcelos Pereira ◽  
Camila Almeida Sardinha ◽  
Débora Pimenta Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Nutritional Monitoring ◽  
Diagnosis Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Character

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with a chronic, progressive and inflammatory character. In addition, it presents itself in a heterogeneous way, and can be as an isolated syndrome or as a recurrent remitter, in the first stage, or as progressive, in the second stage. The present work was developed with the objective of determining which is the best form of diagnosis and therapy for multiple sclerosis in Brazil. Methods: The review was performed in PubMed platform, with the descriptors: “multiple sclerosis”, “diagnosis”, “therapy” and “research”. Results: The research result in 148 articles. After a criterious reading and the application of the used criteria, was selected 20 articles. Conclusion: For the diagnosis of this chronic neurological disease, magnetic resonance imaging is used to assess myelination of the different regions of the central nervous system, which is the most suitable for the diagnosis of MS. Μoreover, as a complement, cerebrospinal fluid extraction and blood tests are performed in order to ascertain the concentration of B cells. Regarding therapeutics, this is diversified, including drugs, diets and therapies that stimulate cognition and motor action, such as the use of virtual reality programs and motor images. In relation to drugs, it is of importance that SUS makes natalizumab and ocrelizumab available because they are more efficient and enable users to have a better quality of life. Finally, nutritional monitoring is also suggested to establish a ketogenic or fasting diet in a balanced way

scholarly journals Effects of Neural Mobilization Techniques on Painand Disabilityin PatientsWith Neurodynamic Dysfunction: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Shamsi ◽  
Khosro Khademi-Kalantari ◽  
Farshad Okhovatian
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Tension Type Headache ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
Type Headache

Introduction: Neural mobilization is the most important  technique  used for the treatment  of nervous system dysfunction. This study aimed to systematically review and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of neural mobilization techniques in nervous system dysfunctions by assessing Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials (RCTs). Materials and Methods: We used all English papers published in five electronic databases from 2000 to 2020 using the following keywords: “neural mobilization”, “nerve mobilization”, “physical therapy”, “nerve glide exercises”, “neural stretching”, “neurodynamics”, and “neural physiotherapy”. The full text of the articles identified was reviewed to select papers specifically discussing neural mobilization as a treatment modality. The PEDro scale was used to assess the quality of these trials. The randomized clinical trials were selected that examined the therapeutic effect of neural mobilization. Results: Twelve RCTs were identified. Five RCTs used the same median nerve tensioning technique in patients  with Carpal Tunnel  Syndrome  (CTS).  In some studies, the methods  of neural mobilization were different. Fourteen papers examined different neurodynamic dysfunctions such as lateral epicondylalgia, radicular neck pain, postoperative spinal surgery, radicular low back pain, and chronic tension-type headache. There is moderate evidence (Level 2) to support distal nerve tensioning and tendon gliding techniques in CTS Also, there was limited (Level 3) and insufficient (Level 4) evidence about using cervical lateral gliding away from their involved side and upper limb tension test mobilization and the use of slump stretches and combinations techniques in the treatment of neurodynamic dysfunction, respectively. Besides, all studies reported a positive effect compared to neutral effects. Conclusion: Although clinicians frequently use neuromobilization techniques for both diagnosis and treatment of nervous system dysfunctions, the quality assessment of 20 RCTs has shown insufficient evidence to support the efficacy of these techniques in the treatment of nervous system dysfunctions.

scholarly journals Ethiological factors of voice function impairment at singers of musical theatres

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
N. L. Kunel’skaya ◽  
◽  
S. G. Romanenko ◽  
O. G. Pavlikhin ◽  
E. V. Lesogorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Vocal Training ◽  
Additional Work ◽  
Vocal Apparatus ◽  
Function Impairment

The analysis of the causes of the pathology of the vocal apparatus in vocalists is carried out. 136 singers were investigated in age from 23 till 70 years old with length of service from 3 till 42 years. It is shown that the occurrence of diseases of the larynx is affected by the state of the vocal apparatus itself, the volume and intensity of the vocal load. Of great importance is the quality of the singer’s vocal training, his age and length of service, the availability of additional work (concert, pedagogical activity), the correspondence of the performed parts to the singer’s technical and acting abilities, domestic and social living conditions. The structure of voice apparatus diseases also depend on type of singer’s voice and his nervous system status. Prevention of impaired voice function in musical theater vocalists should be aimed at eliminating all provoking factors.

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