scholarly journals On the transience or stability of subthreshold psychopathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke J. Schreuder ◽  
Johanna T. W. Wigman ◽  
Robin N. Groen ◽  
Marieke Wichers ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Generalized Additive Mixed Models ◽  
Additive Mixed Models ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Attractor Strength

AbstractSymptoms of psychopathology lie on a continuum ranging from mental health to psychiatric disorders. Although much research has focused on progression along this continuum, for most individuals, subthreshold symptoms do not escalate into full-blown disorders. This study investigated how the stability of psychopathological symptoms (attractor strength) varies across severity levels (homebase). Data were retrieved from the TRAILS TRANS-ID study, where 122 at-risk young adults (mean age 23.6 years old, 57% males) monitored their mental states daily for a period of six months (± 183 observations per participant). We estimated each individual’s homebase and attractor strength using generalized additive mixed models. Regression analyses showed no association between homebases and attractor strengths (linear model: B = 0.02, p = 0.47, R2 < 0.01; polynomial model: B < 0.01, p = 0.61, R2 < 0.01). Sensitivity analyses where we (1) weighed estimates according to their uncertainty and (2) removed individuals with a DSM-5 diagnosis from the analyses did not change this finding. This suggests that stability is similar across severity levels, implying that subthreshold psychopathology may resemble a stable state rather than a transient intermediate between mental health and psychiatric disorder. Our study thus provides additional support for a dimensional view on psychopathology, which implies that symptoms differ in degree rather than kind.

scholarly journals The Stability and Change of Loneliness Across the Life Span: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Mund ◽  
Maren M. Freuding ◽  
Kathrin Möbius ◽  
Nicole Horn ◽  
Franz J. Neyer
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Generalized Additive Mixed Models ◽  
Additive Mixed Models ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Meta Analyses

Individuals experience loneliness when they perceive a deficiency in the quality or quantity of their social relationships. In the present meta-analysis, we compiled data from 75 longitudinal studies conducted in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America ( N = 83, 679) to examine the rank-order and mean-level development of loneliness across the life span. Data were analyzed using two- and three-level meta-analyses and generalized additive mixed models. The results indicate that the rank order of loneliness is as stable as the rank order of personality traits and follows an inverted U-shaped trajectory across the life span. Regarding mean-level development, loneliness was found to decrease throughout childhood and to remain essentially stable from adolescence to oldest old age. Thus, in contrast to other personality characteristics, changes in loneliness are not generally related to age. Implications for theory are discussed.

scholarly journals The Stability and Change of Loneliness Across the Lifespan: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Mund ◽  
Maren M. Freuding ◽  
Kathrin Möbius ◽  
Nicole Horn ◽  
Franz J. Neyer
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Generalized Additive Mixed Models ◽  
Additive Mixed Models ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Meta Analyses

Individuals experience loneliness when they perceive a deficiency in the quality or quantity of their social relationships. In the present meta-analysis, we compiled data from 75 longitudinal studies conducted in Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America ($N = 83,679$) to examine the rank-order and mean-level development of loneliness across the lifespan. Data were analyzed using two- and three-level meta-analyses and generalized additive mixed models. The results indicate that the rank-order of loneliness is as stable as the rank-order of personality traits and follows an inverted U-shaped trajectory across the lifespan. Regarding mean-level development, loneliness was found to decrease throughout childhood and to remain essentially stable from adolescence to oldest old age. Thus, in contrast to other personality characteristics, changes in loneliness are not generally related to age. Implications for theory are discussed.

LANDSLIDE RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE COASTAL ZONE OF THE KUIBYSHEV RESERVOIR DUE THE DESIGN OF HIGH-SPEED LINE "MOSCOW-KAZAN"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Petrov ◽  
Nikolai Petrov ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Inna Nikonorova ◽  
Vladimir Mashin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Landslide Risk ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Stepped Surface ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Landslide Slope ◽  
The Village

High-speed railway "Moscow-Kazan" by the draft crosses the Volga (Kuibyshev reservoir) in Chuvashia region 500 m below the village of New Kushnikovo. The crossing plot is a right-bank landslide slope with a stepped surface. Its height is 80 m; the slope steepness -15-16o. The authors should assess the risk of landslides and recommend anti-landslide measures to ensure the safety of the future bridge. For this landslide factors have been analyzed, slope stability assessment has been performed and recommendations have been suggested. The role of the following factors have been analyzed: 1) hydrologic - erosion and abrasion reservoir and runoff role; 2) lithologyc (the presence of Urzhum and Northern Dvina horizons of plastically deformable rocks, displacement areas); 3) hydrogeological (the role of perched, ground and interstratal water); 4) geomorphological (presence of the elemental composition of sliding systems and their structure in the relief); 5) exogeodynamic (cycles and stages of landslide systems development, mechanisms and relationship between landslide tiers of different generations and blocks contained in tiers). As a result 6-7 computational models at each of the three engineering-geological sections were made. The stability was evaluated by the method “of the leaning slope”. It is proved that the slope is in a very stable state and requires the following measures: 1) unloading (truncation) of active heads blocks of landslide tiers) and the edge of the plateau, 2) regulation of the surface and groundwater flow, 3) concrete dam, if necessary.

scholarly journals Online art therapy in elementary schools during COVID-19: results from a randomized cluster pilot and feasibility study and impact on mental health

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Malboeuf-Hurtubise ◽  
Terra Léger-Goodes ◽  
Geneviève A. Mageau ◽  
Geneviève Taylor ◽  
Catherine M. Herba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Art Therapy ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
School Children ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Children’S Mental Health ◽  
Children's Mental Health ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Emerging literature on the current COVID-19 crisis suggests that children may experience increased anxiety and depression as a result of the pandemic. To prevent such school and mental health-related problems, there is a timely need to develop preventive strategies and interventions to address potential negative impacts of COVID-19 on children’s mental health, especially in school settings. Results from previous child clinical research indicate that art-based therapies, including mindfulness-based art therapy, have shown promise to increase children’s well-being and reduce psychological distress. Objective The goal of the present pilot and feasibility study was to compare the impact of an emotion-based directed drawing intervention and a mandala drawing intervention, on mental health in elementary school children (N = 22), in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Both interventions were group-based and delivered online and remotely. A pilot study using a randomized cluster design was implemented to evaluate and compare both interventions in relation to child anxiety, depression, inattention and hyperactivity symptoms. Results Analyses of covariance revealed a significant effect of the type of drawing intervention on levels of inattention, after controlling for baseline levels. Participants in the emotion-based directed drawing group showed lower inattention scores at post-test, when compared to participants in the mandala group. Post-hoc sensitivity analyses showed significant decreases in pre-to-post scores for levels of hyperactivity for the complete sample. Conclusion Overall, results from this pilot and feasibility study showed that both an emotion-based directed drawing intervention and a mandala drawing intervention may be beneficial to improve mental health in elementary school children, in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. From a feasibility standpoint, results indicate that the implementation of both interventions online and remotely, through a videoconference platform, is feasible and adequate in school-based settings. Further work incorporating larger sample sizes, longitudinal data and ensuring sufficient statistical power is warranted to evaluate the long-term impact of both interventions on children’s mental health.

scholarly journals Study on instability failure mode and monitoring early warning standard of surrounding rock in fully weathered argillaceous sandstone section of large section tunnel

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 04023
Author(s):  
Ming Zhao ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Hong Yan Guo ◽  
KaiCheng Hua
Keyword(s):  
Limit State ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Large Section ◽  
Rock Stability ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Construction Step ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Stability

Based on the special geological conditions of a tunnel in Qingyuan section of Huizhou-Zhanzhou Expressway, FLAC3d numerical simulation software is used to simulate the rheological properties and instability of surrounding rock in large-section fully weathered sandstone section, and the stability and loss of surrounding rock are analyzed. The deformation of the dome and the face at steady state is analyzed. It is found that: 1) when the surrounding rock is in a stable state, the deformation curve of the dome is smooth. When the surrounding rock of the face is unstable, the front of the face appears ahead. Deformation should be first strengthened on the surrounding rock in front of the face. 2) The arched foot is an important part of the instability of the surrounding rock. In order to prevent the expansion of the collapsed part, the arched part should be reinforced. 3) In order to obtain the limit state of surrounding rock stability, the strength of surrounding rock is reduced, and the strength reduction coefficient corresponding to the displacement sudden point is taken as the safety factor of rock stability around the hole, and the stability safety coefficients of surrounding rock of each construction step are greater than 1.2. 4) The dynamic standard values of deformation control in the whole construction stage are obtained by analyzing the deformation curves of each data monitoring point with time in the corresponding time period of each construction step.

Abstract 3789: Nessun Dorma : Have the Risks of Rosiglitazone been Exaggerated?

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
George A Diamond ◽  
Sanjay Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
True Effect Size ◽  
Index Study ◽  
The Stability

Background A highly publicized meta-analysis of 42 clinical trials comprising 27,844 diabetics ignited a firestorm of controversy by charging that treatment with rosiglitazone was associated with a “…worrisome…” 43% greater risk of myocardial infarction ( p =0.03) and a 64% greater risk of cardiovascular death ( p =0.06). Objective The investigators excluded 4 trials from the infarction analysis and 19 trials from the mortality analysis in which no events were observed. We sought to determine if these exclusions biased the results. Methods We compared the index study to a Bayesian meta-analysis of the entire 42 trials (using odds ratio as the measure of effect size) and to fixed-effects and random-effects analyses with and without a continuity correction that adjusts for values of zero. Results The odds ratios and confidence intervals for the analyses are summarized in the Table . Odds ratios for infarction ranged from 1.43 to 1.22 and for death from 1.64 to 1.13. Corrected models resulted in substantially smaller odds ratios and narrower confidence intervals than did uncorrected models. Although corrected risks remain elevated, none are statistically significant (*p<0.05). Conclusions Given the fragility of the effect sizes and confidence intervals, the charge that roziglitazone increases the risk of adverse events is not supported by these additional analyses. The exaggerated values observed in the index study are likely the result of excluding the zero-event trials from analysis. Continuity adjustments mitigate this error and provide more consistent and reliable assessments of true effect size. Transparent sensitivity analyses should therefore be performed over a realistic range of the operative assumptions to verify the stability of such assessments especially when outcome events are rare. Given the relatively wide confidence intervals, additional data will be required to adjudicate these inconclusive results.

An analysis of the stability of thawing slopes, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Harris ◽  
Antoni G Lewkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Pore Water Pressures ◽  
Hot Weather ◽  
The Stability

Active-layer detachment slides are locally common on Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, where permafrost is continuous, the active layer is 0.5-0.75 m thick, and summer temperatures are unusually high in comparison with much of the Canadian High Arctic. In this paper we report pore-water pressures at the base of the active layer, recorded in situ on two slopes in late July and early August 1995. These data form the basis for slope stability analyses based on effective stress conditions. During fieldwork, the factor of safety within an old detachment slide on a slope at Hot Weather Creek was slightly greater than unity. At "Big Slide Creek," on a slope showing no evidence of earlier detachment failures, the factor of safety was less than unity on a steep basal slope section but greater than unity elsewhere. In the upper slope, pore-water pressures were only just subcritical. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate that the stability of the shallow active layer is strongly influenced by changes in soil shear strength. Possible mechanisms for reduction in shear strength through time include weathering of soils and gradual increases in basal active layer ice content. However, we suggest here that soil shearing during annual gelifluction movements is most likely to progressively reduce shear strengths at the base of the active layer from peak values to close to residual, facilitating the triggering of active-layer detachment failures.Key words: detachment slides, Ellesmere Island, pore-water pressures, gelifluction.

scholarly journals Primary schools and the amplification of social differences in child mental health: a population-based cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Marryat ◽  
Lucy Thompson ◽  
Helen Minnis ◽  
Philip Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
School Level ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Additional Support

BackgroundThis paper examines socioeconomic inequalities in mental health at school entry and explores changes in these inequalities over the first 3 years of school.MethodsThe study utilises routinely collected mental health data from education records and demographic data at ages 4 and 7 years, along with administrative school-level data. The study was set in preschool establishments and schools in Glasgow City, Scotland. Data were available on 4011 children (59.4%)at age 4 years, and 3166 of these children were followed at age 7 years (46.9% of the population). The main outcome measure was the teacher-rated Goodman’s Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (4–16 version) at age 7 years, which measures social, emotional and behavioural difficulties.ResultsChildren living in the most deprived area had higher levels of mental health difficulties at age 4 years, compared with their most affluent counterparts (7.3%vs4.1% with abnormal range scores). There was a more than threefold widening of this disparity over time, so that by the age of 7 years, children from the most deprived area quintile had rates of difficulties 3.5 times higher than their more affluent peers. Children’s demographic backgrounds strongly predicted their age 7 scores, although schools appeared to make a significant contribution to mental health trajectories.ConclusionsAdditional support to help children from disadvantaged backgrounds at preschool and in early primary school may help narrow inequalities. Children from disadvantaged backgrounds started school with a higher prevalence of mental health difficulties, compared with their more advantaged peers, and this disparity widened markedly over the first 3 years of school.

scholarly journals Is there a role of gut microbiota in mental health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus W. Lange ◽  
Katharina M. Lange ◽  
Yukiko Nakamura ◽  
Shigehiko Kanaya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Intervention Trials

Research on the interaction between gut microbiota and the brain may have implications for our understanding of brain function, cognition, behavior and mental health. The literature on gut microbiota and its role in the pathophysiology and potential treatment of mental disorders has proliferated in recent years. Several neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, have been linked to the gut microbiota. The present perspective discusses the promise and pitfalls of gut microbiota research in relation to mental health. The manipulation of intestinal microbes in animals has revealed connections between gut microbiota and both normal and pathological brain functions. The hope fueling this research is that gut microbiota could be harnessed to prevent and treat mental disorders. The links observed between an imbalance of gut microbiota and impaired behavioral and mental states in humans are correlational. It is therefore essential to establish cause and effect relationships. No distinct gut microbiota patterns linked to different mental disorders have yet been identified. Large-scale, longitudinal trials need to examine whether the gut microbiota is a valid therapeutic target for mental disorders and whether pre-clinical findings and initial results of intervention trials (e.g., administration of probiotics) are of clinical relevance.

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