scholarly journals Temperature-dependent modelling and spatial prediction reveal suitable geographical areas for deployment of two Metarhizium anisopliae isolates for Tuta absoluta management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaovi Agbessenou ◽  
Komivi S. Akutse ◽  
Abdullahi A. Yusuf ◽  
Sospeter W. Wekesa ◽  
Fathiya M. Khamis
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Specific Approach ◽  
Field Deployment

AbstractTuta absoluta is one of the most devastating pests of Solanaceae crops in Africa. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae isolates ICIPE 18, ICIPE 20 and ICIPE 665 against adult T. absoluta. However, adequate strain selection and accurate spatial prediction are fundamental to optimize their efficacy and formulations before field deployment. This study therefore assessed the thermotolerance, conidial yield and virulence (between 15 and 35 °C) of these potent isolates. Over 90% of conidia germinated at 20, 25 and 30 °C while no germination occurred at 15 °C. Growth of the three isolates occurred at all temperatures, but was slower at 15, 33 and 35 °C as compared to 20, 25 and 30 °C. Optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and spore production were 30 and 25 °C, respectively. Furthermore, ICIPE 18 produced higher amount of spores than ICIPE 20 and ICIPE 665. The highest mortality occurred at 30 °C for all the three isolates, while the LT50 values of ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 were significantly lower at 25 and 30 °C compared to those of ICIPE 665. Subsequently, several nonlinear equations were fitted to the mortality data to model the virulence of ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 against adult T. absoluta using the Entomopathogenic Fungi Application (EPFA) software. Spatial prediction revealed suitable locations for ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 deployment against T. absoluta in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Our findings suggest that ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 could be considered as effective candidate biopesticides for an improved T. absoluta management based on temperature and location-specific approach.

scholarly journals Effect of Agrochemicals Used in the Cultivation of Soybean and Irrigated Rice on Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Vanessa P. Gonçalves ◽  
Cândida R. J. de Farias ◽  
Victoria Moreira-Nunêz ◽  
Renata Moccellin ◽  
Viviana Gaviria-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The objective of this work was to evaluate the fungitoxic effect of the agrochemicals used in the cultivation of soybean and irrigated rice on entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae by means of the mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination. The isolates were inoculated in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium containing the pesticides and exposed to spraying with the products. It was observed that chlorantraniliprole produced the best results regarding and was compatible with the two methods of contact of the product with the fungi. Flubendiamide it’s very toxic to fungi, producing 100% inhibition when incorporated into the medium, when by spraying, the fungus M. anisopliae got mycelial growth. Etofenprox and thiamethoxam changed their toxity classification according to the method of contact with product, was moderately compatible to B. bassiana and compatible to M. anisopliae and spinosad showed more compatibility with M. anisopliae than B. bassiana and was classified as compatible. Among fungicides the tricyclazole was the only compatible with the fungus by the spray method. The results showed that in vitro agrochemicals such as tricyclazole, thiamethoxam, flubendiamide and etofenprox are harmful to fungi. It was found that environmental interference could minimize the effects on organisms, especially when the chemicals are applied by spraying.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae and Bacillus thuringiensis against tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Mantzoukas ◽  
Nikoleta-Kleio Denaxa ◽  
Ioannis Lagogiannis
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Combined Application

Susceptibility of Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populations to Metarhizium anisopliae and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. T. absoluta larvae were treated either individually or in combination with a single dose rate of B. thuringiensis (0.5 μL/L) and three conidial suspensions viz. 1x104, 1x106 and 1x108 spores/mL of M. anisopliae. Larval mortality, pupation, adult emergence, mycosis and sporulation varied depending on the application of different quantities of M. anisopliae alone and in combination with B. thuringiensis. Maximum mortality (100%) was achieved in 2nd instar larvae when M. anisopliae (1x108 spores/mL) and B. thuringiensis (0.5µL/L) were applied synergistically,while 4th instar larvae recorded a 95.45% mortality. Compared with the untreated checks, mortality, pupation and adult emergence of both 2nd and 4th instar larvae were significantly reduced with the combined application of M. anisopliae (1x108 spores/mL) and B. thuringiensis (0.5µL/L). Μycosis was most prevalent on 2nd and 4th instar larvae, exceeding 88 and 80% respectively,after exposure to 1×104 conidia/mL. The results indicate that the entomopathogenic fungi and the insecticidal protein produced by B. thuringiensis can be used in combination as biocontrol agents for the management of T. absoluta.

scholarly journals Effects of some bioinsecticides on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alime Bayindir Erol ◽  
Oktay Erdoğan ◽  
İsmail Karaca
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tomato Leaf ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Verticillium Lecanii ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Tomato Leaf Miner

Abstract Background In this study, commercial bioinsecticides including entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Verticillium lecanii, and Spinetoram active ingredient insecticide were evaluated against the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae. Main body The active ingredients were prepared at the recommended concentrations under laboratory conditions and applied to the 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta by spraying with a hand sprayer. On the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th days of the application, evaluations were made by counting survived individuals. The findings showed that the highest mortality rates were detected in the case of Spinetoram with 56, 60, 88, and 100% on all counting days of the experiments, respectively. The highest mortality rate among bioinsecticides was recorded for M. anisopliae, with 87% mortality on the 7th day of application. Short conclusion As a result, Spinetoram was found the most effective insecticide when applied to T. absoluta, followed by M. anisopliae.

scholarly journals On the virulence of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ascomycota: Hypocreales), against the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shehzad ◽  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Tariq Mukhtar ◽  
Asim Gulzar
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Development Of Resistance

Abstract Background The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a noxious pest of cruciferous crops all over the world causing serious economic damage. Management of insect pest generally depends on chemical control; however, due to development of resistance against all types of insecticides, alternative approaches especially utilization of a microbial agent is inevitable. Results Potential of 2 entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), viz., Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, was evaluated against 2nd and 3rd larval instars of P. xylostella by adopting leaf dip and direct spraying methods under laboratory conditions. Significant mortality rate was achieved by each fungus under adopted methodologies. However, B. bassiana was found to be more effective in both conditions than M. anisopliae. Highest mean corrected mortality (77.80%) was recorded, when spores of B. bassiana were sprayed on the 2nd instar larvae (LC50=1.78×104/ml) after the 6th day of treatment. Similarly, incase of M. anisopliae LC50 for the 2nd instar at the same methodology was 2.78×104/ml with a mortality percentage of 70.0%. Offspring sex ratio was non-significantly related to treatment concentration and methodology, except for the control. Conclusion Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae had potential to suppress P. xylostella infestations when applied appropriately. Present findings suggested that B. bassiana and M. anisopliae when sprayed on immatures of host insect had more effect as compared to leaf dip procedure. Furthermore, no significant effect of concentrations was observed on sex ratio.

scholarly journals Growth of entomopathogenic fungi colonies Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin enriched with termite juice

2021 ◽  
Vol 667 (1) ◽  
pp. 012084
Author(s):  
N Anggraini ◽  
S Suhartono ◽  
A Alfizar ◽  
H Husni ◽  
S Rusdiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae

scholarly journals Entomopathogenic fungi as the microbial frontline against the alien Eucalyptus pest Gonipterus platensis in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Jordan ◽  
Paula Leite dos Santos ◽  
Leiliane Rodrigues dos Santos Oliveira ◽  
Mauricio Magalhães Domingues ◽  
Bianca Cristina Costa Gêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Conidial Production ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantations ◽  
Infected Adult

AbstractThe eucalyptus snout beetle (ESB), Gonipterus platensis, is endemic to Australia but has become a major invasive, destructive pest of Brazilian eucalyptus plantations. Efforts to develop insecticides based on entomopathogenic fungi against ESB are limited by the lack of known virulent strains. We therefore explored the virulence of indigenous Brazilian strains of major entomopathogenic fungi—Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium anisopliae—against ESB adults. We found widely varying virulence and later capacities for conidial production on infected adult cadavers. Two strains stood out, B. bassiana IBCB-240 and M. anisopliae IBCB-364, as especially lethal for ESB adults under laboratory conditions, sporulated abundantly on infected insects, and also outperformed comparable strains used in commercial mycoinsecticides. Notably, B. bassiana IBCB-240 exhibited lower LT50 values at low inoculum levels (≤ 107 conidia mL−1) and smaller LC50 values than M. anisopliae IBCB-364. Taken together, this study emphasizes natural variation in virulence among indigenous Beauveria and Metarhizium strains against ESB adults and identifies fungal strains with superior lethality to existing commercialized strains for managing this eucalyptus pest in Brazil.

scholarly journals Evaluating the virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) and Beauveria bassiana (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) isolates to Arabian rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes agamemnon arabicus

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Khudhair ◽  
M.Z. Khalaf ◽  
H.F. Alrubeai ◽  
A.K. Shbar ◽  
B.S. Hamad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
Oryctes Agamemnon ◽  
Lethal Time ◽  
Short Time

Virulence of entomopathogenic fungi <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> and <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> were tested against Arabian Rhinoceros Beetle, <em>Oryctes agamemnon arabicus</em> larvae. Four concentrations (1×10<sup>5</sup>, 1×10<sup>7</sup>, 1×10<sup>9</sup> and 1×10<sup>11</sup> conidia/mL<sup>–1</sup>) of two locally isolated entomopathogenic fungi spore suspensions were used in this study via larval direct spraying. Results revealed that both isolates can cause high mortality rate reaching 100% after 29 days. However, <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> scored higher mortality rate in short time especially at the concentration of 1×10<sup>11</sup> conidia/ mL<sup>–1</sup> with lethal time (LT)<sub>50</sub> 12.75 and LT<sub>90</sub> 20.00; while, <em>Metarhizium anisopliae</em> caused the higher percentage of malformed adults. Moreover, both isolates affected insect’s life cycle particularly in the pupal stage which was reduced remarkably by almost 50% in comparison with the control treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Biofertilizers and Neem Oil on the Entomopathogenic Fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Hirose ◽  
Pedro M. O. J. Neves ◽  
João A. C. Zequi ◽  
Luís H. Martins ◽  
Cristiane H. Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The in vitro fungitoxic effect of three biofertilizers, E.M.-4, Multibion <FONT FACE=Symbol>Ô</FONT> and Supermagro used in organic agriculture and the neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana was studied. These products were mixed in a medium where the two fungi were inoculated, and germination, vegetative growth and conidiogenesis were assessed. The biofertilizers Supermagro and E.M.- 4 showed to be less toxic for the two fungi whereas Multibion<FONT FACE=Symbol>Ô</FONT> caused major inhibition on M. anisopliae, with reductions in germination (-37.74%), colony diameter (-30.26%) and conidiogenesis (-42.62%). Neem oil promoted a larger negative effect on B. bassiana, inhibiting germination (-45.27%), colony diameter (-36.62%) and conidiogenesis (-84.93%).

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