Efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae and Bacillus thuringiensis against tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Susceptibility of Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) populations to Metarhizium anisopliae and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. T. absoluta larvae were treated either individually or in combination with a single dose rate of B. thuringiensis (0.5 μL/L) and three conidial suspensions viz. 1x104, 1x106 and 1x108 spores/mL of M. anisopliae. Larval mortality, pupation, adult emergence, mycosis and sporulation varied depending on the application of different quantities of M. anisopliae alone and in combination with B. thuringiensis. Maximum mortality (100%) was achieved in 2nd instar larvae when M. anisopliae (1x108 spores/mL) and B. thuringiensis (0.5µL/L) were applied synergistically,while 4th instar larvae recorded a 95.45% mortality. Compared with the untreated checks, mortality, pupation and adult emergence of both 2nd and 4th instar larvae were significantly reduced with the combined application of M. anisopliae (1x108 spores/mL) and B. thuringiensis (0.5µL/L). Μycosis was most prevalent on 2nd and 4th instar larvae, exceeding 88 and 80% respectively,after exposure to 1×104 conidia/mL. The results indicate that the entomopathogenic fungi and the insecticidal protein produced by B. thuringiensis can be used in combination as biocontrol agents for the management of T. absoluta.

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Effectiveness of Selected Entomopathogenic Fungi in Packed Rice Grain at Room Temperature Against Corcyra Cephalonica Stainton

ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development ◽

10.29037/ajstd.103 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 183 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hendrawan Samodra ◽

Yusof Bin Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

High Mortality ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Corcyra Cephalonica ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Moth ◽

Tapioca Flour

Eight isolates of entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated as dried conidia against the rice moth, Corcyra cephalonica. In bioassays two isolates of Beauveria bassiana (BbGc and BbPs) and one isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae (MaPs) consistently gave high mortality to C. cephalonica larvae. Formulations in either kaolin, talc or tapioca flour (20 % w/w a.i.) thoroughly mixed with long grain rice in plastic cups (8 cm diameter by 5 cm) gave complete larval mortality by the 12th day of treatment. However, in general those formulated in kaolin and talc were more efficacious and faster to kill compared to those formulated in tapioca flour or the unformulated control. Even at the lowest rate of 0.05 g BbGc in kaolin provided 100% mortality 7 days after introduction compared with other dust formulations. Isolate BbGc in kaolin and talc administered at 0.4 g a.i. in 200 g rice packed in plastic kept at room temperature provided protection against the rice moth up to 4 months of storage. Larval mortality in excess of 90% was obtained 15 days after introduction. Formulations of MaPs was effective only within the first month of storage beyond which infectivity rapidly declined.

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Pathogenicity of some commercial formulations of entomopathogenic fungi on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-019-0184-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Assinapol Ndereyimana ◽

Samuel Nyalala ◽

Patrick Murerwa ◽

Svetlana Gaidashova

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Negative Control ◽

Tomato Leaf ◽

Tuta Absoluta ◽

Leaf Miner ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Tomato Field ◽

Tomato Leaf Miner

AbstractThe tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a major threat to tomato production in Rwanda. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate some commercial entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) formulations on T. absoluta larvae. The larvae, inside the leaf galleries, were obtained from the established tomato field. Commercial EPF: Metatech® WP [Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschn.) Sorok, Strain FCM Ar 23B3], Beauvitech® WP [Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill., Strain J25], and Botanigard ES [B. bassiana (Bals.), Strain GHA] were tested in Petri dishes against T. absoluta larvae at a concentration of 108 spores/ml. A synthetic insecticide, imidacloprid was included for comparison as a positive control, while water was used as a negative control. All the tested commercial EPF formulations were pathogenic to T. absoluta larvae in all conducted bioassays. Mortality rates increased with an increase in time (days). However, the insignificant difference was observed in the mortality of T. absoluta larvae treated with the commercial EPF during the first 3 days in all bioassays. Highly significant differences (p < 0.01) in pathogenicity among treatments were observed from the 4th to 6th days after inoculation. Metatech® WP and Beauvitech® WP recorded the highest mortality rates (82.8 and 60.8%) with the LT50 values of 3.9 and 5.2 days, respectively, while imidacloprid caused the least larval mortality. Since the EPF demonstrated high virulence level against the target pest, the efficacy of Metatech® WP and Beauvitech® WP should be advanced to field evaluation to determine their potential as alternatives to the synthetic insecticides.

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Differential side-effects of Bacillus thuringiensis bioinsecticide on non-target Drosophila flies

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-73145-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aurélie Babin ◽

Marie-Paule Nawrot-Esposito ◽

Armel Gallet ◽

Jean-Luc Gatti ◽

Marylène Poirié

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Specific Effect ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Developmental Time ◽

Field Application ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Offspring Number

Abstract Bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) spores and toxins are increasingly popular alternative solutions to control insect pests, with potential impact of their accumulation in the environment on non-target organisms. Here, we tested the effects of chronic exposure to commercial Bt formulations (Bt var. kurstaki and israelensis) on eight non-target Drosophila species present in Bt-treated areas, including D. melanogaster (four strains). Doses up to those recommended for field application (~ 106 Colony Forming Unit (CFU)/g fly medium) did not impact fly development, while no fly emerged at ≥ 1000-fold this dose. Doses between 10- to 100-fold the recommended one increased developmental time and decreased adult emergence rates in a dose-dependent manner, with species-and strain-specific effect amplitudes. Focusing on D. melanogaster, development alterations were due to instar-dependent larval mortality, and the longevity and offspring number of adult flies exposed to bioinsecticide throughout their development were moderately influenced. Our data also suggest a synergy between the formulation compounds (spores, cleaved toxins, additives) might induce the bioinsecticide effects on larval development. Although recommended doses had no impact on non-target Drosophila species, misuse or local environmental accumulation of Bt bioinsecticides could have side-effects on fly populations with potential implications for their associated communities.

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UJI EFIKASI BIOINSEKTISIDA JAMUR ENTOMOPATOGEN BERFORMULASI CAIR TERHADAP Plutella xylostella (L.) DI LABORATORIUM

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.11352-60 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 52-60

Author(s):

Haperidah Nunilahwati ◽

Siti Herlinda ◽

Chandra Irsan ◽

Yulia Pujiastuti ◽

Khodijah Khodijah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Crop Production ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Third Instar Larvae

Efficacy test of liquid bio-insecticide of entomopathogenic fungi in control against Plutella xylostella in the laboratory. The insect pest P. xylostella could reduce crop production of Brassicaceae. The aim of research was to test the efficacy liquid bio insecticide with active ingredient of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae fungi to control P. xylostella. Bio-insecticide was applied by spraying on mustard leaves infested with 50 individuals of third instar larvae of P. xylostella and a density of 1x106 conidia ml-1. Larval mortality was observed every 2 hours and LT50 of larvae was calculated. The study showed that the highest percentage of mortality found in Mt ES and Mt ES (cf) isolates was 99.6%, the lowest mortality at Mt NES isolate was 96.80%. LT50 and LT95 values Bb ES were the lowest i.e. 2.04 days and 2.95 days. The highest LT50 and LT95 of Mt NES isolate were 2.24 days and 3.32 days. The liquid bio-insecticide of entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana and M. anisopliae were effective to control the larvae of P. xylostella.

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Effects of Entomopathogenic Fungi on the Biology of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its Reduviid Predator, Rhynocoris marginatus (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

International Journal of Insect Science ◽

10.1177/1179543319867116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. 117954331986711 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Irfan Ullah ◽

Nimra Altaf ◽

Muhammad Afzal ◽

Muhammad Arshad ◽

Naunain Mehmood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Spodoptera Litura ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Lower Efficiency ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Infected Prey

Entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs), Isaria fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana, are efficient biological agents in the management of multiple arthropod pests. In this study, the effects of both EPF species on various life stages of Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its natural enemy Rhynocoris marginatus (Fab.) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) were determined under laboratory conditions. I. fumosorosea significantly ( P < .05) reduced the growth rate of the third and fourth instar larvae of S. litura. For relative consumption rate (RCR), the maximum impact was recorded for I. fumosorosea, which reduced the RCR of the larvae. The larvae of S. litura treated with I. fumosorosea showed significantly lower efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and the larval mortality rate (58.0%) was also higher compared with B. bassiana (33.3%). Similarly, I. fumosorosea had a significant effect on the pupal formation of S. litura; however, no significant effect was found on adult emergence percentage. To determine the effect of EPF-infected prey on the adult predator, their handling time, predatory rate, consumption rate, and the survival rate were recorded. No significant effect of EPF species on the predation rate was found. Furthermore, no significant difference was found in the survival rate of predators fed on either EPF-infected prey or healthy larvae. The interaction of these EPFs with a reduviid predator suggested that both EPF species, especially I. fumosorosea, could be used together with the predator to boost the biological control of S. litura in commercial crops.

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Temperature-dependent modelling and spatial prediction reveal suitable geographical areas for deployment of two Metarhizium anisopliae isolates for Tuta absoluta management

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02718-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ayaovi Agbessenou ◽

Komivi S. Akutse ◽

Abdullahi A. Yusuf ◽

Sospeter W. Wekesa ◽

Fathiya M. Khamis

Keyword(s):

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Spatial Prediction ◽

Spore Production ◽

Tuta Absoluta ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Specific Approach ◽

Field Deployment

AbstractTuta absoluta is one of the most devastating pests of Solanaceae crops in Africa. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae isolates ICIPE 18, ICIPE 20 and ICIPE 665 against adult T. absoluta. However, adequate strain selection and accurate spatial prediction are fundamental to optimize their efficacy and formulations before field deployment. This study therefore assessed the thermotolerance, conidial yield and virulence (between 15 and 35 °C) of these potent isolates. Over 90% of conidia germinated at 20, 25 and 30 °C while no germination occurred at 15 °C. Growth of the three isolates occurred at all temperatures, but was slower at 15, 33 and 35 °C as compared to 20, 25 and 30 °C. Optimum temperatures for mycelial growth and spore production were 30 and 25 °C, respectively. Furthermore, ICIPE 18 produced higher amount of spores than ICIPE 20 and ICIPE 665. The highest mortality occurred at 30 °C for all the three isolates, while the LT50 values of ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 were significantly lower at 25 and 30 °C compared to those of ICIPE 665. Subsequently, several nonlinear equations were fitted to the mortality data to model the virulence of ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 against adult T. absoluta using the Entomopathogenic Fungi Application (EPFA) software. Spatial prediction revealed suitable locations for ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 deployment against T. absoluta in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. Our findings suggest that ICIPE 18 and ICIPE 20 could be considered as effective candidate biopesticides for an improved T. absoluta management based on temperature and location-specific approach.

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Entomopathogenic Fungi and Bacteria in a Veterinary Perspective

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology10060479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 479

Author(s):

Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽

Francesca Mancianti

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Human Health ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽

Field Application ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽

Alternative Drugs

The present study aimed to review the papers dealing with the biological activity of fungi and bacteria against some mites and ticks of veterinary interest. In particular, the attention was turned to the research regarding acarid species, Dermanyssus gallinae and Psoroptes sp., which are the cause of severe threat in farm animals and, regarding ticks, also pets. Their impact on animal and human health has been stressed, examining the weaknesses and strengths of conventional treatments. Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are the most widely employed agents. Their activities have been reviewed, considering the feasibility of an in-field application and the effectiveness of the administration alone or combined with conventional and alternative drugs is reported.

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Efficacy of a Beauveria bassiana strain, Bacillus thuringiensis and their combination against the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta

ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA ◽

10.12681/eh.11548 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Despoina Tsoulnara ◽

Gordon Port

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Tuta Absoluta ◽

Recommended Dose ◽

Tomato Leafminer ◽

Single Leaf ◽

Combined Use ◽

Good Potential

A single leaf bioassay was developed to investigate the entomopathogenic efficacy of a Beauveria bassiana strain, Bacillus thuringiensis (Costar®) and their interactions on larval mortality of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Tomato leaves were removed from the plants and sprayed with manufacturers’ highest field recommended concentrations for tomato crops before or after infesting the leaves with the larvae. Third instar larvae proved the most susceptible, while susceptibility was lower in the second instar larvae. The combined use showed a higher potential indicating a positive synergistic effect. In addition, treated leaves were sprayed directly with concentrations of 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mL/L of B. bassiana. The efficacy was higher for the tested concentration of 0.20 mL/L that is higher than the recommended dose. The present study suggests that those bioinsecticides have a good potential in the control of T. absoluta.

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Additive and synergistic interactions of entomopathogenic fungi with Bacillus thuringiensis for the control of the European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00455-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Evangelos Beris ◽

Elias Korkas

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Combination Treatment ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Lobesia Botrana ◽

European Grapevine Moth ◽

Additive Action ◽

Grapevine Moth

Abstract Background The European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is currently the most damaging pest in many viticultural regions across the Mediterranean basin and elsewhere. Its feeding activity also enhances the development of secondary infections by Botrytis cinerea - and other fungi - to wine grapes. The gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been reported to partially control larval populations of L. botrana, while it requires to be digested by the insect to cause infection. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are possibly capable of acting synergistically with Bt to increase its efficacy against insect pests. Results The hypothesis of synergy or antagonism between Bt and EPF for the control of L. botrana was tested in two bioassays: A) Insects fed on Bt diet and subsequently some groups were sprayed by conidia of Beauveria bassiana or Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, and B) Grapes were sprayed by Bt, or B. bassiana, or combination of the two, and then untreated insects were placed to feed on the grapes. In both bioassays, combination treatments performed better than single treatments, indicating additive action or synergy. The Bt and B. bassiana combination treatment (Bt diet for 30 h and then sprayed with conidia of B. bassiana) resulted in 91% larval mortality while the single Bt and B. bassiana treatments caused 28% and 34% mortality respectively. Such results indicated synergism. Combination treatment on grapes also caused significantly higher mortality on L. botrana larvae, compared to single treatments. The median lethal time (LT50) was estimated as 8.43 days for the single Bt treatment, 7.87 days for the single B. bassiana treatment and 6.3 days for the combination Bt + B. bassiana treatment. Conclusions Absence of antagonism as well as additive action or synergy were indicated by the results. Larval populations of the pest can be effectively controlled by using microbial biocontrol agents. Further research is needed to investigate the biotic and abiotic factors that affect interactions between insect hosts and entomopathogenic organisms. However, the entomopathogens used in the present study showed remarkable action and may be included parallelly in control strategies against vineyard pests.

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Trichome and biochemical basis of resistance against Tuta absoluta in tomato genotypes

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

10.1017/s147926211800062x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (03) ◽

pp. 301-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vaddi Sridhar ◽

Avverahally Thammanna Sadashiva ◽

Vala Keshava Rao ◽

Padavala Swathi ◽

Hanamant Shivalingappa Gadad

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Adult Emergence ◽

Tuta Absoluta ◽

Type I ◽

Biochemical Basis ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Type Iv

AbstractSouth American tomato moth, Tuta absoluta, a serious pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) in tropics and subtropics, is rapidly spreading world over. Twenty one wild/cultivated/advanced breeding lines of tomato were screened for resistance to T. absoluta under greenhouse conditions (choice bioassay) and promising genotypes were evaluated further for their antibiosis activity through no choice bioassay under in-vitro conditions. From 21 genotypes screened, six wild accessions viz., S. pennellii (LA 1940); S. chilense (LA 1963); S. arcanum (LA 2157); S. lycopersicum (LA1257) and S. corneliomulleri (LA 1292, LA1274) were relatively resistant to T. absoluta based on mean percent damage and were further studied under in-vitro conditions. These genotypes recorded relatively more larval mortality, prolonged larval and pupal duration with reduced adult emergence of T. absoluta. Among these six genotypes, S. pennellii (LA-1940) showed resistance both under choice and no choice bioassays with higher number of type IV trichomes, highest total flavonoids and phenols. In general, glandular trichomes (GTs) (type I, IV, VII) showed negative correlation in different genotypes of tomato with reference to larval number/plant, percent damage and adult activity, whereas type V (non-GTs) showed negative correlation with number of larvae/plant.

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