scholarly journals In-vitro propagation and phytochemical profiling of a highly medicinal and endemic plant species of the Himalayan region (Saussurea costus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajmal Khan ◽  
Azhar Hussain Shah ◽  
Niaz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

AbstractEfficient protocols for callus induction and micro propagation of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch were developed and phytochemical diversity of wild and in-vitro propagated material was investigated. Brown and red compact callus was formed with frequency of 80–95%, 78–90%, 70–95% and 65–80% from seeds, leaf, petiole and root explants, respectively. MS media supplemented with BAP (2.0 mgL−1), NAA (1.0 mgL−1) and GA3 (0.25 mgL−1) best suited for multiple shoot buds initiation (82%), while maximum shoot length was formed on media with BAP (1.5 mgL−1), NAA (0.25 mgL−1) and Kinetin (0.5 mgL−1). Full strength media with IAA (0.5 mgL−1) along with IBA (0.5 mgL−1) resulted in early roots initiation. Similarly, maximum rooting (87.57%) and lateral roots formation (up to 6.76) was recorded on full strength media supplemented with BAP (0.5 mgL−1), IAA (0.5 mgL−1) and IBA (0.5 mgL−1). Survival rate of acclimatized plantlets in autoclaved garden soil, farmyard soil, and sand (2:1:1) was 87%. Phytochemical analysis revealed variations in biochemical contents i.e. maximum sugar (808.32 µM/ml), proline (48.14 mg/g), ascorbic acid (373.801 mM/g) and phenolic compounds (642.72 mgL−1) were recorded from callus cultured on different stress media. Nonetheless, highest flavenoids (59.892 mg/g) and anthocyanin contents (32.39 mg/kg) were observed in in-vitro propagated plants. GC–MS analysis of the callus ethyl acetate extracts revealed 24 different phytochemicals. The variability in secondary metabolites of both wild and propagated plants/callus is reported for the first time for this species. This study may provide a baseline for the conservation and sustainable utilization of S. costus with implications for isolation of unique and pharmacologically active compounds from callus or regenerated plantlets.

Utilization of Different Seedling Explants for in Vitro Propagation of Hibiscus syriacus

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 478e-479
Author(s):  
M.M. Jenderek ◽  
A.J. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Petiole Explants ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Adventitious Bud Formation ◽  
Hibiscus Syriacus

Hibiscus syriacus is a difficult species in micropropagation due to its endogenous contamination and recalcitrant shoot formation; therefore, studies on using explants other than shoot tip or axillary buds of growing shrubs were initiated. Three different seedling fragments (root, hypocotyl, and leaf petiole) from aseptically germinated seedlings of hibiscus (var. Aphrodite) were evaluated for adventitious bud formation, shoot and leaf development. The explants were cultured on McCown's woody plant basal salt medium supplemented with KNO3 (800 mg/L), adenine sulfate (80 mg/L) and MS vitamins containing BA or 2iP or TDZ at 0.5, 1.0, 2.2, 4.4 and 10 mM. Adventitious buds were present on all of the three different explants grown on medium containing TDZ; however, the most abundant bud formation, with many small leaves originating from callus was observed on hypocotyl explants cultured on medium with 1 mM of TDZ. Petiole explants were the most frequent to develop short shoots (≈15 mm) and one to nine leaves without callus formation, where 70% of hypocotyl and the root explants formed leaves originating from callus. Callus was induced on all explant types regardless of the level or type of cytokinin used. However, the number of shoots produced by any explant type was low, petioles cultured on 0.5 and 1mM of TDZ were the most suitable material for non-callus shoot development in H. syriacus. Hypocotyl explants proved to be an excellent source for adventitious bud formation but their ability to develop shoots needs to be investigated.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen on in Vitro Propagation of Endangered Medicinal Plant: Swertia Chirayita Roxb. Ex Flaming

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 3513-3522
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Swertia Chirayita

The effect of nitrogen was investigated on the organogenesis of Swertia chirayita (Gentianaceae) to overcome the challenges related to its cultivation. The best callogenic response was observed on root explants inoculated onto MS medium supplemented with BAP (2.0 mg/l) along with 2,4-D (0.5 mg/l) after 35 days of culture. Subsequent transfer of callus for multiplication on the same media composition under complete darkness presents the best results in terms of callus multiplication. Callogenic cultures were subculture onto modified MS medium supplemented with inorganic nitrogen sources, i.e., NH4NO3 (14-56N/l), KNO3 (100-400N/l) with BAP (3.0 mg/l) were observed. Organogenic response (52%) was observed after 8-12 weeks of culturing. The maximum number of the shoot was recorded on MS medium with NH4NO3 (28 N/l), KNO3 (300N/l) with BAP (3.0 mg/l). Moreover, 90% of them were able to regrow when sub-cultured on the same media. Sixteen weeks old multiple shoots were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with different auxins. IAA was proved to be the best hormone rooting purpose. However, the best rooting response regarding the number of roots and an average length of roots was obtained at IAA (1.0 mg/l). Survival of 90% was achieved when rooted plantlets were successfully established in substrate containing sand, vermicompost, and garden soil in equal proportion for hardening and acclimatized.

scholarly journals In vitro Micropropagation of Datura metel L. through Somatic Embryos from Root Explants

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nithiya ◽  
D. I. Arockiasamy
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
In Vitro Micropropagation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Initial Root

A simple reproducible protocol has been reported from root explants for in vitro micropropagation of Datura metel through somatic embryos. A large number of somatic embryos were developed from these explants on MS supplemented with BAP 4.0 mg/l 15 days after inoculation. Subsequently all embryos developed into plants while they were attached to the explants. Fast shoot elongation and root growth were achieved in MS containing BAP 2.0 mg/l, GA3 1.0 mg/l and IBA 1.0 mg/l. These plantlets had a well developed tap root system and hundreds of plantlets could be easily separated from the initial root explants. The well rooted plantlets were hardened in plastic cups containing sterilized vermiculite, garden soil and farmyard soil (1 : 1 : 1). These plants were successfully transferred and grown in the soil mixture after two weeks with a survival rate of 90%. The protocol developed should prove to be highly promising to produce large quantities of plants in a short period of time.  Key words: Somatic embryos, Root explants, Micropropagation, Datura metel D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v17i2.3231 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 17(2): 125-130, 2007 (December)

scholarly journals Establishment of in vitro regeneration protocol for Adhatoda vasica Nees

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Khan ◽  
S Akter ◽  
A Habib ◽  
TA Banu ◽  
M Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica

An in vitro regeneration protocol of Adhatoda vasica has been developed using excised nodal segments and juvenile leaves for multiple shoots regeneration directly or through callus induction. Explants were cultured on MS medium with different concentrations of IAA, NAA, BAP, GA3 and Kn singly or in combinations. MS medium supplemented with BAP (10.0 mg/l) was found best for multiple shoot formation, in which 93.33% explants produced multiple shoots. After two months, maximum number of multiple shoots were 10.6 ± 1.82, highest length of plantlets was 5.2 ± 2.20 cm. 100% calli formation were observed on MS medium supplemented with IAA (0.05 mg/l) + NAA (0.05 mg/l) + BAP (1.0 mg/l). Callus initiation started after 14 days and gave light green colored callus. Best callus mediated shoot regeneration was found on MS+10.0 mg/l BAP medium. Root induction of in vitro raised shoots was best on ½ MS + IBA (1.0 mg/l). Well rooted plantlets were transferred to plastic pots containing garden soil and compost in a ratio of 2:1 for hardening. The ultimate survival rate under natural condition was about 80%.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 51(1), 75-80, 2016

scholarly journals Papaver Decaisnei: GC-MS Alkaloids Profiling, in Vitro Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activity

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Aj.Jabbar ◽  
Fuad Othman Abdullah ◽  
Kamaran Kaiani Abdulrahman ◽  
yaseen Galali ◽  
Abdullah Sh. Sardar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Leaves And Roots ◽  
Mcf 7

Abstract The Papaver L. plant have been well known as a source of pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids (noscapine, thebaine, codeine, roemerine, papaverine and morphine). The current study investigates the phytochemical, in-vitro antioxidant, and anticancer activities of papaver decaisnei, an endemic plant species to the flora of Kurdistan-Iraq. The chemical analysis of the methanolic (MeOH) extracts of flowers, leaves, and roots of papaver decaisnei were made by using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS), and the antioxidant activity evaluation done by radical scavenging [on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2j-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)], and reducing power [cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] assays. The anticancer actions were presented as IC50 (inhibitory concentration at 50%) on human colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2), mammary cancer cells (MCF-7), and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed 17, 19, and 22 chemical compounds for flowers, leaves, and roots of P. decaisnei, respectively. The prevalent organic compounds of P. decaisnei were alkaloids, phenolics, fatty acids, esters, and phytosterols, namely Roemerine (70.44%), Decarbomethoxytabersonine, 9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol, Hexadecanoic acid, 6,8-Dioxa-3-thiabicyclo(3,2,1)octane 3,3-dioxide, and γ-Sitosterol. The antioxidant activity of plant organ extracts was within 39.1-143.5 μg/ml for DPPH and 123.12-276.4 μg/ml for ABTS assays, while, the FRAP and CUPRAC values ranged within 12.4- 34.3 and 42.6-75.8 μg/ml, respectively. The anticancer action of P.decaisnei organ extracts was found against all tested human cell lines (Caco-2, MCF-7, HeLa) with inhibitory concentrations (IC50) values between 125.3-388.4 μg/ml. The presented data on alkaloid contents and biological activity of P. decaisnei can serve a ground knowledge for the future biomedical synthesis and cancer research projects.

scholarly journals In Vitro Clonal Propagation of Nardostachys jatamansi: A Traditional Himalayan Medicinal Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hem Chandra Pant ◽  
Harsh Vardhan Pant ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Himani Tomar ◽  
Manish Dev Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Bud Induction

Plant tissue culture method has an impressive technique for Investigation and Explains basic and applied problems in plant biotechnology field. Micropropagation has played a vital role in the rapid multiplication of many plants species. The nodal explants and shoot tip of N. jatamansi inoculated in MS medium (Murashige and Skoog) contain different types concentrations of PGRs (Phytohormones) at various frequencies for the optimization of growth quality for shoot bud Induction, shoot proliferation and micro rooting in plant. The perfect shoot induction takes place in the concentration of BAP + IBA (2.0 mg/l +1.5 mg/1) multiplication of nodal explants and shoot tip in the combination lower concentration of BAP and KN (2.0 mg/1+1.5 mg/1) This combination proved best for multiple shoot formation. Half strength (1/2) of the MS medium containing NAA and BAP (1.5 mg/1+1.0 mg/1) in combination was most useful for rooting in plant. Well developed rooted micro shoots were smoothly removed for the culture flask and dipped in 70% ethanol for 2 min and then washed with running tap water for 5-10 min to remove media for the root and transferred to small plastic cups carry cocopeat, garden soil and sand (2:2:1) and produce healthy growth in ex-vitro conditions.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT CRUDE EXTRACT AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SPIROGYRA RHIZOPUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
DANIEL E ◽  
GIRMA T ◽  
VENKATESAN JAYAKUMAR S
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Drug Discovery Research ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Objective: The importance of this work is to prepare the crude extracts of Spirogyra rhizopus and to study the biological activity of crude extract against four bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: Spirogyra algae collected from Jimma town, and crude extracts were prepared by cold percolation method and sonication method and further analyzed for qualitative phytochemical analysis. The efficacy of crude extracts is tested for bacterial activity by disc-diffusion method. Results: The maximum zone of inhibition shown by the crude extract is compared to standard and control. Among the four extracts, chloroform extract displayed the promising inhibitory action against four bacterial strains. Conclusions: The preliminary study concludes that green algae S. rhizopus is a potential source of pharmacologically active lead molecules. In vitro screening of crude extracts of green algae S. rhizopus shows promising activity against bacterial strains and thus suggests its application in drug discovery research.

Comparison of shoot regeneration potential from seedling explants of Australian cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) varieties

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole A. Smith ◽  
Prem L. Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Root Explants ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Cotyledon Explants ◽  
Shoot Initiation ◽  
Seedling Explants ◽  
High Regeneration

Genetic engineering of crop plants relies on the development of efficient methods for the regeneration of viable shoots from cultured tissues. The objective of the present study was to develop a protocol for efficient shoot and plant regeneration from seedling explants of commercial cauliflower (B. oleracea var. botrytis) genotypes and to compare the regeneration capacity of the most commonly used explants: cotyledon, hypocotyl, and root. A combination of growth hormones including 6-benzylaminopurine, 1-naphthylacetic acid, and gibberellic acid was used in the MS-based medium, and factors influencing regeneration of shoots were investigated. Using the protocol described here, shoots from hypocotyl, cotyledon, and root explants of all the 11 genotypes tested were able to be regenerated. Root and hypocotyl explants produced more callus than cotyledon explants and also were more responsive to shoot regeneration, as a high percentage (>71% and >80% for hypocotyl and roots, respectively) of shoot initiation from these explants was observed. In addition, root and hypocotyl explants also produced more shoots per explant than cotyledon explants. The in vitro regenerated shoots were successfully rooted and acclimatised to glasshouse conditions. This study shows that seedling explants of cauliflower are amenable to multiple shoot formation with high regeneration frequencies, and could be used for genetic transformation experiments.

scholarly journals In- vitro regeneration of an important medicinal plant Centella asiatica L. Urban

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Jaheduzzaman ◽  
MA Habib ◽  
S Akter ◽  
NA Banu ◽  
RB Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Multiple Shoot Regeneration

An in vitro multiple shoot regeneration protocol has been developed for Centella asiatica L. Urban from the nodal and shoot tips explants using MS medium with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. Multiple shoot regeneration was observed from both the explants on MS containing either BAP alone or in combination with IAA, NAA and Kn. Of the two explants, nodal segment showed comparatively better response towards multiple shoot regeneration. Maximum multiple shoots were found on MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/L BAP and 0.4 mg/L NAA. For root induction, well-developed shoots were excised and cultured on both MS and half strength of MS with various concentrations of IBA, IAA and NAA. Profuse healthy rooting was obtained on MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L IBA. The well rooted plantlets were successfully transplanted to the garden soil and their survival rate under natural condition was 90-95 %. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13058 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 269-272, 2012

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HYDROMETHANOL EXTRACT OF GORDONIA DIPTEROSPERMA KURZ.

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
PHAIBIANG LAPASAM ◽  
ANDREW LALTHASANGA ◽  
FREDDY TEILANG NONGKHLAW ◽  
ZOTHAN PUIA
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Objective: This research is to evaluate the pharmacognostic parameter, phytochemical analysis, and in vitro antioxidant properties of hydromethanol extract. Method: This study carries out the collection and authentication of the plant, extraction, pharmacognostic study, preliminary phytochemical screening, and antioxidant property of leaves hydromethanol extract were evaluated by scavenging the following free radicals – DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl), hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and reducing power. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s test was performed. The minimum value of *p˂0.05 considered as significant, **p˂0.01 and ***p˂0.001. Results: Powder microscopy of the leaves showed the presence of stomata, calcium oxalate crystals, trichome, fibers, and oil glands. The total ash was considered to be 3.75%, water-soluble ash 1.25%, and acid-soluble ash 3%. Hydromethanol (3:7) extract yielded 38.8%, moisture content 15.6%. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycoside, saponin, phenol, tannin, flavonoid, and steroid. The total flavonoid content was considered to be 32.25 mg/g of quercetin and the total phenolic content of the extract was found 610 mg/g of gallic acid. The IC50 radical scavenging effect of extract and gallic acid was considered to be 3.62 and 3.46 for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 10.4 and 24.73 for hydrogen peroxide, and 48.76 and 58.83 for nitric oxide. Conclusion: The phytochemical constituents of the extract were well-known pharmacologically active chemicals and significant antioxidant potential was shown by the extract. This study finds out the rationality of the use of this plant as a medicinal plant. Further studies would be needed to explore their potential as a treatment for fever, diarrhea, and dysentery.

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