scholarly journals Phytochemistry PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT CRUDE EXTRACT AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SPIROGYRA RHIZOPUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
DANIEL E ◽  
GIRMA T ◽  
VENKATESAN JAYAKUMAR S
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Drug Discovery Research ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

Objective: The importance of this work is to prepare the crude extracts of Spirogyra rhizopus and to study the biological activity of crude extract against four bacterial strains. Materials and Methods: Spirogyra algae collected from Jimma town, and crude extracts were prepared by cold percolation method and sonication method and further analyzed for qualitative phytochemical analysis. The efficacy of crude extracts is tested for bacterial activity by disc-diffusion method. Results: The maximum zone of inhibition shown by the crude extract is compared to standard and control. Among the four extracts, chloroform extract displayed the promising inhibitory action against four bacterial strains. Conclusions: The preliminary study concludes that green algae S. rhizopus is a potential source of pharmacologically active lead molecules. In vitro screening of crude extracts of green algae S. rhizopus shows promising activity against bacterial strains and thus suggests its application in drug discovery research.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antitrypanosomal Activities of Methanol Extract of Echinops kebericho Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Debela Abdeta ◽  
Nigatu Kebede ◽  
Mirutse Giday ◽  
Getachew Terefe ◽  
Solomon Mequanente Abay
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Drug Discovery Research

Microbial resistance to the few conventional antitrypanosomal drugs, increasing resistance of vectors to insecticides, lack of effective vaccines, and adverse effects of the existing antitrypanosomal drugs justify the urgent need for effective, tolerable, and affordable drugs. We assessed antitrypanosomal effects of the hydromethanolic extract of Echinops kebericho Mesfin roots against Trypanosoma congolense field isolate using in vitro and in vivo techniques. Parasite load, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight, and rectal temperature in Swiss albino mice were assessed. This finding is part of the outcomes of drug discovery research for neglected tropical diseases. The extract arrested the motility of trypanosomes within 40 min at 4 and 2 mg/mL concentration, whereas in the untreated control, motility continued for more than 160 min. The extract also reduced parasitemia and prevented drop in PCV and body weight significantly (p<0.05), as compared to control. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, and alkaloids. It is observed that this extract has activity against the parasite. Isolation and purification of specific compounds are required to identify hit compounds responsible for the antitrypanosomal activity of the studied medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Susceptibility of Vernonia amygdalina against Some Strains of Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Owoyale ◽  
M. Galadimma ◽  
S. Y. Daniyan ◽  
N. Adabara
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility Test

This study was aimed at determining the quantitative phytochemical analysis and antifungal susceptibility of Vernonia amygdalina against some strains of Candida albicans.  Reflux method of extraction was used for the successive extraction of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. Quantitative phytochemical screenings were done to determine the amounts of phytochemicals that are present in the crude extracts, the study revealed that phytochemicals which include flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins and phenol were present in the crude extracts. Three different strains (P37005, RM1000 and SC5314) were subjected for antifungal susceptibility test, the antifungal susceptibility test of the crude extracts against the strains were determined at different concentrations of 40,60, 80 and 100 mg/ml using agar well diffusion method. The highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) was 21.00 ±0.30 mm which was recorded for methanol leaf extract (MLE) at a concentration of 100 mg/ml against SC5314 (isolate:B3). The MIC and MFC values for the most active crude extracts were 12.5 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml for the n-hexane crude extract against strain P37005 (isolate B1), the value of 12.5 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml was also revealed for the n-hexane crude extract against SC5314 (isolateB3) however, the methanol crude extract showed a value of 12.5mg/ml and 50mg/ml respectively against SC5314 (isolate:B3). The results from this study suggest that n-hexane and methanol crude extract have a better antifungal activity than the ethylacetate crude extract.  This study also validate the claim of the local herbal practitioners of the use of the leaves of Vernonia amygdalina in curing candidiasis.

scholarly journals In vitro Phytochemical, Larvicidal and Antimicrobial Activities of Gum Arabic Extract

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kauther Sir Elkhatim ALI ◽  
Tanzeel Altaib Ali SALIH ◽  
Hussien M. DAFFALLA
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Acacia Senegal

The Gum Arabic of Acacia senegal (GA) has been reported to treat several diseases, such as kidney failure and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal disease. However, scarce investigation has been made into the phytoconstituents of GA. Obtained GA was macerated in water, then GA aqueous extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis using standard protocols and bioactivity screening by different procedures. Antimicrobial screening was performed using the cup-plate diffusion method against four bacterial strains and one fungi strain. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against the third instar of Culex quinquefasciatus. The phytochemical analysis showed that GA extract contains high amounts of saponins and alkaloids, moderate amounts of cardiac glycosides, and trace amounts of tannins. GA extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against the test organisms, with different zones of inhibition ranging 0 - 18 mm. The larvicidal activity showed significant perfection with increasing extract dose and exposure period with mortality up to 86.7 %. Results reveal that the crude extract of GA contains important biomolecules which has been proved to have substantial larvicidal and antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Susceptibility of Azardirachta indica against Some Strains of Candida albicans

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. M. Owoyale ◽  
M. Galadimma ◽  
S. Y. Daniyan ◽  
N. Adabara
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
A Value ◽  
Crude Extracts

This research work was focus on determining the quantitative phytochemical analysis and antifungal susceptibility of Azardirachta indica against some strains of Candida albicans. The leaves of Azardirachta indica was susccessively extracted using reflux method of extraction. Quantitative phytochemical screenings were done to determine the amounts of phytochemical that are present in the crude extracts. The result showed that the extract of Azardirachta indica (neem) possessed active principles which include: Alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols and tannin which were present in the crude extracts. The antifungal activity of the extracts was assayed against three different strains (P37005, RM1000 & SC5314) The antifungal susceptibility test of the crude extracts against the strains were determined at different concentrations of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/ml using the  agar well diffusion method. The n- hexane and methanol crude extract showed inhibitory activity compared to that of ethyl acetate that had no inhibitory activity. The highest mean zone of inhibition (MZI) was 15.00±1.00 mm which was recorded for n-hexane leaf extract at a concentration of 100 mg/ml against strain RM1000 (isolate: S2). Although the standard antibiotics (Fluconazole) used in this study showed a much higher zone of inhibition than that of the n-hexane and methanol crude extract. The MIC and MFC value for n-hexane crude extracts were 12.5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml respectively against strain P37005 (Isolate:S1)likewise, the n-hexane crude extract had a value of 6.25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml. However, the methanol crude extract showed a value of 6.25 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively against SC5314 (isolate:S3).

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo antitrypanosomal activities of Echinops kebericho root extract

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debela Abdeta ◽  
Nigatu Kebede ◽  
Mirutse Giday ◽  
Getachew Terefe ◽  
Solomon Mequanente Abay
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Field Isolate ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Discovery Research ◽  
Drug Discovery Research

Abstract Objective: Microbial resistance to the few conventional antitrypanosomal drugs, increasing resistance of vectors to insecticides, lack of effective vaccines and adverse effects of the existing antitrypanosomal drugs justifies the urgent need for effective, tolerable and affordable drugs. We assessed antitrypanosomal effect of hydromethanolic extract of Echinops kebericho Mesfin roots against Trypanosoma congolense field isolate using in vitro and in vivo techniques. Parasite load, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight and rectal temperature in Swiss albino mice were assessed. This finding is part of the outcomes of drug discovery research for neglected tropical diseases. Result: The extract ceased motility of the trypanosomes within 40 min at 4 and 2 mg/ml concentration whereas in the untreated control motility continued for more than 160 min. The extract also reduced parasitemia, prevented drop in PCV and body weight significantly (p<0.05), as compared to control. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, triterpines, steroids, saponins, glycosides, tannins and alkaloids. It is observed that this extract has activity against the parasite. Isolation and purification of specific compounds are required to identify hit compounds responsible for the antitrypanosomal activity of the studied medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Studies of the Different Plant Parts of Mimosa Pudica

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Afreen Chowdhury ◽  
Jannatul Islam ◽  
Md Mahfujur Rahaman ◽  
Md Mostafizur Rahman ◽  
Nowshin Nowaz Rumzhum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Crude Extracts

Rebeka Sultana and Most Nazma Parvin - were added as authors on 13th September 2010.The petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol crude extracts of the two different plant parts (aerial part and root) of Mimosa pudica (Mimosaceae) were screened in vitro for cytotoxicity studies by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and antimicrobial screening by disc diffusion method. The methanol crude extract of the aerial part was screened in vitro for antioxidant activity using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The petroleum ether and methanol crude extracts of the root showed potential cytotoxic activities (LC50 0.05 μg/ml and 0.035 μg/ml respectively) whereas the other extractives showed poor cytotoxicity. All the crude extracts showed poor activity or inactivity against the test microorganisms. On the other hand, the methanol crude extract of the aerial part showed moderate antioxidant activity (IC50 296.92 μg/ml) compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 131.29 μg/ml). The overall experimental results suggest the biologically active constituents present in the methanolic extract of Mimosa pudica and justify its use in folkloric remedies. Key Words: Mimosa pudica, Mimosaceae, Cytotoxicity, Antimicrobial, DPPH, Antioxidant.  doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1813 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 80-84

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities of Calpurnia aurea and Ocimum lamiifolium extracts against selected gram positive and gram-negative bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Addis Melese ◽  
Beyene Dobo ◽  
Abriham Mikru
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Crude Extracts

Indigenous knowledge, literature reports and ethnobotanical records suggest that plants are the basis for medicines. This study was designed to examine in-vitro antibacterial activity of Calpurnia aurea (leaf, bark) and Ocimum lamiifolium (leaf, flower) collected from Wonsho and Shebedino districts of Sidama Zone, southern Ethiopia, with different solvents against three Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria in 2018. The leaf and bark of Calpurnia aurea and leaf and flower of Ocimum lamiifolium were dried, powdered and extracted with 80% acetone, ethanol, methanol and distilled water. Disc diffusion method was used for the antibacterial assay and measuring the zone of inhibition and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was determined by broth macrodilution method. The highest percentage yield of crude bioactive agents, i.e., 36.9% was obtained from Ocimum lamiifolium leaf with methanol as a solvent, while the lowest yield 12.6% was obtained from Calpurnia aurea bark with acetone extract. All crude extracts from the different plant parts showed antibacterial activity. Accordingly, Calpurnia aurea bark with methanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity 22.64±0.95 (mm) against S. aureus which was comparable to standard antibiotic disc Ciprofloxacin with inhibition zone of 24.00 ±0.19 (mm), while the lowest inhibition of 6.12±0.41 (mm) was recorded from Ocimum lamiifolium flower with water crude extract against P. aeruginosa. The MIC of 3.13mg/ml was observed from methanol crude extract of bark of Calpurina aurea on S. aurea. Crude bark extract of Methanol showed the highest antibacterial activity. The studies revealed that antibacterial activity of the crude extracts from the different parts of the plant were variable when extracted by different solvents, however, possesses good antimicrobial activity which support the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of bacterial infections under study. Finally, to support the traditional users, scientific verification on phytochemical analysis and toxicity test should be carried out to confirm users’ safety.

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-bacterial Activities of Aqueous, Ethanol and Chloroform Crude Extracts of Olinia rochetiana and Vernonia myriantha

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-110
Author(s):  
Gashaw Nigussie ◽  
Ayana Erdedo ◽  
Sintayehu Ashenafi
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Inhibition Zones

In the past with the advent of antibiotics, bacterial diseases have been under control. However rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant this success is reversing and searching for newer antibacterial agents is currently a top priority. This study was, thus, aimed at assessing the anti-microbial activities of two traditional medicinal plants: Vernonia myriantha and Olinia rochetiana. The crude extracts were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activities and phytochemical content. The extracts were tested against selected 3 clinical and 4 standard test bacterial strains by using agar well-diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The ethanol leaves and stem-bark extracts of O. rochetiana inhibited the growth of all bacterial strains at a concentration of 250mg/mL. The inhibition zones ranged from 20.33±0.57mm for clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa to 25.66±0.57mm for standard Salmonella typhi strains. The values for these same extracts were 20.66±2.51mm and 24.33±1.15mm for standard P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains respectively. The chloroform extract was similarly effective against all of the strains with inhibition zones between 19.00±1.73mm against P. aeruginosa and 22.66±2.51mm for S. aureus. Comparatively, the ethanol extract of O. rochetiana had the highest MIC (7.81mg/mL) and MBC (62.50mg/mL) were noted against P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, chloroform extract of O. rochetiana leaf showed the highest MIC (15mg/mL) and MBC (125mg/mL) were recorded against P. aeruginosa. The ethanol extract of V. myriantha showed growth inhibition only on S. aureus (21.00±1.7mm). Both plants tested for terpenoids and glycosides showed positive result, but none for resin.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Analysis and in vitro Antibacterial Activities of Seagrass Enhalus acoroides against Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Desy Setyoningrum ◽  
Ade Yamindago ◽  
Syarifah Hikmah Julinda Sari ◽  
Maftuch Maftuch
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides

Several studies of marine bioactive compounds have been carried out using seagrass. Enhalus acoroides is a type of seagrass that has bioactive compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, and saponins that have potential as an antibacteria. The aim of study is to investigate the phytochemical compound contained in the crude extract of Enhalus acoroides and its antibacterial activities of Enhalus acoroides against Staphylococcus aureus. The seagrass was collected, washed, dried, grind and exposed to extraction by vacum rotary evaporator at temperature of 40°C and was analyzed for their phytoconstituents. Further, the crude extract was tested against pathogenic bacterial at different concentrations using disc diffusion method to determine the effect of bioactive compounds in E. acoroides to bacteria. In the present study, qualitative test of phytochemical from ethanol extract of Enhalus acoroides leaves contained phytochemical compound of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids and saponins, while the extract of roots contained all of compounds except saponins. Based on research can be concluded, that Enhalus acoroides also has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus that showed by the presence of inhibition zone. The present finding suggests that the extract of seagrass Enhalus acoroides can be used an antibacterial agent from marine.

Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽  
Toshka Petrova ◽  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Stoil Karadzhov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

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