scholarly journals Entropy considerations in improved circuits for a biologically-inspired random pulse computer

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Stipčević ◽  
Mateja Batelić
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Operation ◽  
Biologically Inspired ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Quantum Process ◽  
Random Pulse ◽  
Variable Generation ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Entropy Budget ◽  
Numerical Precision ◽  
First Time

AbstractWe present five novel or modified circuits intended for building a universal computer based on random pulse computing (RPC) paradigm, a biologically-inspired way of computation in which variable is represented by a frequency of a random pulse train (RPT) rather than by a logic state. For the first time we investigate operation of RPC circuits from the point of entropy. In particular, we introduce entropy budget criterion (EBC) to reliably predict whether it is even possible to create a deterministic circuit for a given mathematical operation and show its relevance to numerical precision of calculations. Based on insights gained from the EBC, unlike in the previous art, where randomness is obtained from electronics noise or a pseudorandom shift register while processing circuitry is deterministic, in our approach both variable generation and signal processing rely on the random flip-flop (RFF) whose randomness is derived from a fundamentally random quantum process. This approach offers an advantage in higher precision, better randomness of the output and conceptual simplicity of circuits.

scholarly journals Novel AI driven approach to classify infant motor functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Reich ◽  
Dajie Zhang ◽  
Tomas Kulvicius ◽  
Sven Bölte ◽  
Karin Nielsen-Saines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Movement Assessment ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Ablation Study ◽  
First Time ◽  
Efficient Screening

AbstractThe past decade has evinced a boom of computer-based approaches to aid movement assessment in early infancy. Increasing interests have been dedicated to develop AI driven approaches to complement the classic Prechtl general movements assessment (GMA). This study proposes a novel machine learning algorithm to detect an age-specific movement pattern, the fidgety movements (FMs), in a prospectively collected sample of typically developing infants. Participants were recorded using a passive, single camera RGB video stream. The dataset of 2800 five-second snippets was annotated by two well-trained and experienced GMA assessors, with excellent inter- and intra-rater reliabilities. Using OpenPose, the infant full pose was recovered from the video stream in the form of a 25-points skeleton. This skeleton was used as input vector for a shallow multilayer neural network (SMNN). An ablation study was performed to justify the network’s architecture and hyperparameters. We show for the first time that the SMNN is sufficient to discriminate fidgety from non-fidgety movements in a sample of age-specific typical movements with a classification accuracy of 88%. The computer-based solutions will complement original GMA to consistently perform accurate and efficient screening and diagnosis that may become universally accessible in daily clinical practice in the future.

scholarly journals Human-readable Proof of the Related-Key Security of AES-128

2017 ◽  
pp. 59-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khoongming Khoo ◽  
Eugene Lee ◽  
Thomas Peyrin ◽  
Siang Meng Sim
Keyword(s):  
Block Cipher ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Key Schedule ◽  
Simple Permutation ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
First Time ◽  
Truncated Differential

The related-key model is now considered an important scenario for block cipher security and many schemes were broken in this model, even AES-192 and AES-256. Recently were introduced efficient computer-based search tools that can produce the best possible related-key truncated differential paths for AES. However, one has to trust the implementation of these tools and they do not provide any meaningful information on how to design a good key schedule, which remains a challenge for the community as of today. We provide in this article the first human-readable proof on the minimal number of active Sboxes in the related-key model for AES-128, without any help from a computer. More precisely, we show that any related-key differential path for AES-128 will respectively contain at least 0, 1, 3 and 9 active Sboxes for 1, 2, 3 and 4 rounds. Our proof is tight, not trivial, and actually exhibits for the first time the interplay between the key state and the internal state of an AES-like block cipher with an AES-like key schedule. As application example, we leverage our proofs to propose a new key schedule, that is not only faster (a simple permutation on the byte positions) but also ensures a higher number of active Sboxes than AES-128’s key schedule. We believe this is an important step towards a good understanding of efficient and secure key schedule designs.

scholarly journals The international computer and information literacy study from a European perspective: Introduction to the Special Issue

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Gerick ◽  
Birgit Eickelmann ◽  
Wilfried Bos
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Contextual Framework ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Computer And Information Literacy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Time Information

The International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS 2013) provides, for the first time, information about students’ computer and information literacy (CIL), as well as its acquisition, based on a computer-based test for students and background questionnaires. Among the 21 education systems that participated in ICILS 2013, there are 12 European countries, making secondary comparative in-depth analyses at a European level particularly fruitful. Accordingly, while the four articles in this Special Issue each deal with different topics and adopt different methodologies, they all share a common element and provide European comparisons in the ICILS context. The editorial in turn outlines the aim of the ICILS 2013 study and its relevance for European education research as well as its contextual framework and approach to the measurement of students’ CIL. The potential and challenges of such large-scale assessment studies are also discussed.

A comprehensive re-analysis of the O 2 (B 3 Ʃ – u – X 3 Ʃ – g ) Schumann-Runge band system

1975 ◽  
Vol 341 (1627) ◽  
pp. 517-536 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Band System ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Molecular Constants ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
First Time

The emission spectrum of O 2 has been excited, recorded and measured between 2116 and 5663 Å. Of the 7700 emission lines which were measured, 5400 have been assigned to 87 bands of the B 3 Ʃ – u — X 3 Ʃ – g Schumann-Runge system of O 2 . Many of these are reported for the first time. A computer-based Loomis-Wood method has been used to assign all of these measurements to unambiguous transitions from which a self-consistent set of molecular constants has been derived. Molecular constants for the b 1 Ʃ + g – X 3 Ʃ – g atmospheric red system of O 2 have been recalculated. A critical assessment has been made of the molecular constants derived from all previous analyses of the Schumann-Runge system.

Comparison of modified Karnik-Mendel algorithm-based interval type-2 ANFIS and type-1 ANFIS

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet Öztürk ◽  
İbrahim Özkol
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Mathematical Operation ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
First Time

Purpose This study aims to propose, as the first time, the interval type-2 adaptive network-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) structure, which is given better results compared to previously presented in the open literature. So, the ANFIS can be used effectively for training of interval type-2 fuzzy logic system (IT2FLS) parameters. Design/methodology/approach Karnik–Mendel algorithm (KMA) is modified to use in interval type-2 ANFIS. The modified Karnik–Mendel algorithm (M-KMA) is implemented to change the uncertain ANFIS parameters into known ones. In this way, the interval type-2 ANFIS removes uncertainties of IT2FLS. Therefore, the interval type-2 ANFIS is reduced to a simple one, i.e. less mathematical operation required. Only consequent parameters are trained, and the consequent parameters are chosen in the form of crisp. Findings By applying the mentioned procedure, it can be shown that interval type-2 ANFIS has generally better results compared to type-1 ANFIS. However, it was noticed that the worst results obtained in the case of interval type-2 ANFIS are equal to the best result obtained in the case of type-1 ANFIS. Therefore, users in this field can use this approach in solving nonlinear problems. Practical implications The interval type-2 ANFIS can be used as controller for highly nonlinear systems such as air vehicles. Originality/value As stated in the open literature, it is ineffective to use ANFIS for IT2FLS. In this study, the KMA is modified for IT2FLS, and it is seen that the ANFIS can be used effectively for IT2FLS.

NOVEL REVERSIBLE FAULT TOLERANT ERROR CODING AND DETECTION CIRCUITS

2011 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 723-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAJID HAGHPARAST ◽  
KEIVAN NAVI
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Quantum Cost ◽  
Hamming Code ◽  
Code Generator ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Cmos Design ◽  
Error Coding ◽  
Error Detector ◽  
First Time

Reversible logic is an emerging area of research, having applications in nanotechnology, low power CMOS design, quantum computing, and DNA computing. In this paper, two different parity-preserving reversible error coding and detection circuits are studied. First we propose two new reversible Hamming code generator circuits. One of them is parity-preserve. We also propose a new parity-preserving reversible Hamming code error detector circuit. The proposed parity-preserving reversible Hamming code generator (PPHCG) and error detector circuits provide single error correction–double error detection (SEC–DED). The designs are better than the existing counterparts in terms of quantum cost (QC), number of constant inputs, and number of garbage outputs. Then we propose parity-preserving reversible cyclic code encoder/decoder circuits for the first time. A parity-preserving reversible D flip-flop is also proposed. Equivalent quantum representation of two parity-preserving 4 ∗ 4 reversible gates, IG, and PPHCG, are also proposed. We show for the first time that IG has a QC of only 7 and PPHCG has a QC of only 6.

scholarly journals Service innovations: the eCPA

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 266-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Howells ◽  
Amanda Thompsell
Keyword(s):  
Good Practice ◽  
Community Mental Health Team ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Care Programme ◽  
Mental Health Team ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
First Time

This paper describes the implementation, merits and future potential of the eCPA – a computer-based Care Programme Approach (CPA) system for care planning. The system is designed to improve the quality of information in CPA care plans and, for the first time, to enable the rapid and standardised adoption of evidence-based good practice by all community mental health team (CMHT) staff.

scholarly journals FOLFOX Therapy Induces Feedback Upregulation of CD44v6 through YB-1 to Maintain Stemness in Colon Initiating Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Shibnath Ghatak ◽  
Vincent C. Hascall ◽  
Roger R. Markwald ◽  
Suniti Misra
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
First Time

Cancer initiating cells (CICs) drive tumor formation and drug-resistance, but how they develop drug-resistance characteristics is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that chemotherapeutic agent FOLFOX, commonly used for drug-resistant/metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, induces overexpression of CD44v6, MDR1, and oncogenic transcription/translation factor Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1). Our study revealed that CD44v6, a receptor for hyaluronan, increased the YB-1 expression through PGE2/EP1-mTOR pathway. Deleting CD44v6, and YB-1 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system attenuates the in vitro and in vivo tumor growth of CICs from FOLFOX resistant cells. The results of DNA:CD44v6 immunoprecipitated complexes by ChIP (chromatin-immunoprecipitation) assay showed that CD44v6 maintained the stemness traits by promoting several antiapoptotic and stemness genes, including cyclin-D1,BCL2,FZD1,GINS-1, and MMP9. Further, computer-based analysis of the clones obtained from the DNA:CD44v6 complex revealed the presence of various consensus binding sites for core stemness-associated transcription factors “CTOS” (c-Myc, TWIST1, OCT4, and SOX2). Simultaneous expressions of CD44v6 and CTOS in CD44v6 knockout CICs reverted differentiated CD44v6-knockout CICs into CICs. Finally, this study for the first time describes a positive feedback loop that couples YB-1 induction and CD44 alternative splicing to sustain the MDR1 and CD44v6 expressions, and CD44v6 is required for the reversion of differentiated tumor cells into CICs.

Menu System Suited to Novice and Experienced Users of an Automobile Navigation System

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-493
Author(s):  
Beth A. Loring ◽  
Michael E. Wiklund ◽  
Clark Smith
Keyword(s):  
Navigation System ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Menu System ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
First Time

Computer-based products require designers to make trade-offs between the product's initial and long term ease of use. The trade-off decisions are particularly important in the design of a computer-based automobile navigation system (ANS). An ANS designed for the mass market must serve the needs of both first time users, such as rental car drivers, and those who may purchase cars equipped with the device and use it on a daily basis. In our efforts to design the user interface to an ANS, we sought a means to protect new users from advanced functions that would frustrate the early learning experience. At the same time, we sought a smooth method for everyday users to access advanced functions. In this paper, we briefly explain automobile navigation systems, and then discuss our design solution.

scholarly journals Odd versus even? An investigation on the impact of number of food items on plating preferences

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy T Woods ◽  
Charles Michel ◽  
Charles Spence
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Preference Tests

We report on the results of a series of large-scale computer-based preference tests (conducted at The Science Museum in London and online) that evaluated for the first time the widely-held belief in kitchens that food should be plated in odd rather than even numbers of elements on the plate in order to maximize the eye appeal of a dish. Participants were presented with pairs of plates of food showing odd versus even number of seared scallops (3 vs. 4), arranged in a line or as a polygon, on either a round or square white plate. No consistent evidence for a preference for 3 or 4 number of food items was found. The implications of these results are discussed.

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