scholarly journals PMCA4 inhibition does not affect cardiac remodelling following myocardial infarction, but may reduce susceptibility to arrhythmia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Stafford ◽  
Min Zi ◽  
Florence Baudoin ◽  
Tamer M. A. Mohamed ◽  
Sukhpal Prehar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Calcium Atpase ◽  
Wnt Signalling ◽  
Plasma Membrane Calcium Atpase ◽  
Cardiac Outcomes ◽  
Infarcted Heart ◽  
Genetic Deletion

AbstractIschaemic heart disease is the world’s leading cause of mortality. Survival rates from acute myocardial infarction (MI) have improved in recent years; however, this has led to an increase in the prevalence of heart failure (HF) due to chronic remodelling of the infarcted myocardium, for which treatment options remain poor. We have previously shown that inhibition of isoform 4 of the plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA4) prevents chronic remodelling and HF development during pressure overload, through fibroblast mediated Wnt signalling modulation. Given that Wnt signalling also plays a prominent role during remodelling of the infarcted heart, this study investigated the effect of genetic and functional loss of PMCA4 on cardiac outcomes following MI. Neither genetic deletion nor pharmacological inhibition of PMCA4 affected chronic remodelling of the post-MI myocardium. This was the case when PMCA4 was deleted globally, or specifically from cardiomyocytes or fibroblasts. PMCA4-ablated hearts were however less prone to acute arrhythmic events, which may offer a slight survival benefit. Overall, this study demonstrates that PMCA4 inhibition does not affect chronic outcomes following MI.

Új lehetőségek a refrakter és relabált Hodgkin-lymphomás betegek kezelésében

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (45) ◽  
pp. 1824-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Árpád Illés ◽  
Ádám Jóna ◽  
Zsófia Simon ◽  
Miklós Udvardy ◽  
Zsófia Miltényi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relapse Free Survival ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Novel Treatment ◽  
Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphoma is a curable lymphoma with an 80–90% long-term survival, however, 30% of the patients develop relapse. Only half of relapsed patients can be cured with autologous stem cell transplantation. Aim: The aim of the authors was to analyze survival rates and incidence of relapses among Hodgkin lymphoma patients who were treated between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2014. Novel therapeutic options are also summarized. Method: Retrospective analysis of data was performed. Results: A total of 715 patients were treated (382 men and 333 women; median age at the time of diagnosis was 38 years). During the studied period the frequency of relapsed patients was reduced from 24.87% to 8.04%. The numbers of autologous stem cell transplantations was increased among refracter/relapsed patients, and 75% of the patients underwent transplantation since 2000. The 5-year overall survival improved significantly (between 1980 and 1989 64.4%, between 1990 and 1999 82.4%, between 2000 and 2009 88.4%, and between 2010 and 2014 87.1%). Relapse-free survival did not change significantly. Conclusions: During the study period treatment outcomes improved. For relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma patients novel treatment options may offer better chance for cure. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(45), 1824–1833.

Nano Drug Delivery in Treatment of Oral Cancer, A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1008-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandita Kakkar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Verma ◽  
Komal Saini ◽  
Indu Pal Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Hereditary Disorders

Oral Cancer (OC) is a serious and growing problem which constitutes a huge burden on people in more and less economically developed countries alike. The scenario is clearly depicted from the increase in the expected number of new cases in the US diagnosed with OC from 49,670 people in 2016, to 49,750 cases in 2017. The situation is even more alarming in India, with 75,000 to 80,000 new cases being reported every year, thus making it the OC capital of the world. Leukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, discoid lupus erythmatosus, hereditary disorders such as dyskeratosis congenital and epidermolisys bullosa are highlighted by WHO expert working group as the predisposing factors increasing the risk of OC. Consumption of tobacco and alcohol, genetic factors, and human papilloma virus are assigned as the factors contributing to the aetiology of OC. On the other hand, pathogenesis of OC involves not only apoptosis but also pain, inflammation and oxidative stress. Inspite of current treatment options (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy), OC is often associated with recurrence and formation of secondary primary tumours resulting in poor overall survival rates (∼50%). The intervention of nano technology-based drug delivery systems as therapeutics for cancers is often viewed as a cutting edge for technologists. Though ample literature on the usefulness of nano-coutured cancer therapeutics, rarely any product is in pipeline. Yet, despite all the hype about nanotechnology, there are few ongoing trials. This review discusses the current and future trends of nano-based drug delivery for the treatment of OC.

scholarly journals Propolis Extract and Chitosan Improve Health of Nosema ceranae Infected Giant Honey Bees, Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 785
Author(s):  
Sanchai Naree ◽  
Rujira Ponkit ◽  
Evada Chotiaroonrat ◽  
Christopher L. Mayack ◽  
Guntima Suwannapong
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Apis Dorsata ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Honey Bee Health ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Honey Solution

Nosema ceranae is a large contributing factor to the most recent decline in honey bee health worldwide. Developing new alternative treatments against N. ceranae is particularly pressing because there are few treatment options available and therefore the risk of increased antibiotic resistance is quite high. Recently, natural products have demonstrated to be a promising avenue for finding new effective treatments against N. ceranae. We evaluated the effects of propolis extract of stingless bee, Tetrigona apicalis and chito-oligosaccharide (COS) on giant honey bees, Apis dorsata, experimentally infected with N. ceranae to determine if these treatments could improve the health of the infected individuals. Newly emerged Nosema-free bees were individually inoculated with 106N. ceranae spores per bee. We fed infected and control bees the following treatments consisting of 0%, 50%, propolis extracts, 0 ppm and 0.5 ppm COS in honey solution (w/v). Propolis extracts and COS caused a significant increase in trehalose levels in hemolymph, protein contents, survival rates and acini diameters of the hypopharyngeal glands in infected bees. Our results suggest that propolis and COS could improve the health of infected bees. Further research is needed to determine the underlying mechanisms responsible for the improved health of the infected bees.

scholarly journals Hitting the Bull’s-Eye: Mesothelin’s Role as a Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3932
Author(s):  
Dannel Yeo ◽  
Laura Castelletti ◽  
Nico van Zandwijk ◽  
John E. J. Rasko
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Aggressive Cancer ◽  
Immunotherapy Target ◽  
Bull's Eye

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. MPM originates from the mesothelial lining of the pleura. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a glycoprotein expressed at low levels in normal tissues and at high levels in MPM. Many other solid cancers overexpress MSLN, and this is associated with worse survival rates. However, this association has not been found in MPM, and the exact biological role of MSLN in MPM requires further exploration. Here, we discuss the current research on the diagnostic and prognostic value of MSLN in MPM patients. Furthermore, MSLN has become an attractive immunotherapy target in MPM, where better treatment strategies are urgently needed. Several MSLN-targeted monoclonal antibodies, antibody–drug conjugates, immunotoxins, cancer vaccines, and cellular therapies have been tested in the clinical setting. The biological rationale underpinning MSLN-targeted immunotherapies and their potential to improve MPM patient outcomes are reviewed.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of spinal cord and column tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i5-i9
Author(s):  
Joshua T Wewel ◽  
John E O’Toole
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Spinal Instability ◽  
Treatment Cascade ◽  
Tumor Pathology ◽  
Pathologic Fractures

Abstract The spine is a frequent location for metastatic disease. As local control of primary tumor pathology continues to improve, survival rates improve and, by extension, the opportunity for metastasis increases. Breast, lung, and prostate cancer are the leading contributors to spinal metastases. Spinal metastases can manifest as bone pain, pathologic fractures, spinal instability, nerve root compression, and, in its most severe form, spinal cord compression. The global extent of disease, the spinal burden, neurologic status, and life expectancy help to categorize patients as to their candidacy for treatment options. Efficient identification and workup of those with spinal metastases will expedite the treatment cascade and improve quality of life.

Analysis of Passive Filling With Fibrotic Myocardial Infarction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulufhelo Masithulela
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Strain Energy Function ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Diastolic Filling ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Infarcted Heart ◽  
Longitudinal Strains

Cardiovascular diseases account for one third of all deaths worldwide, more than 33% of which are related to ischemic heart disease, involving a myocardial infarction (MI). Following myocardial infarction, the injured region and ventricle undergo structural changes which are thought to be caused by elevated stresses and reduction of strains in the infarcted wall. The fibrotic phase is defined as the period when the amount of new collagen and number of fibroblasts rapidly increase in the infarcted tissue. We studied through finite element analysis the mechanics of the infarcted and remodeling rat heart during diastolic filling. Biventricular geometries of healthy and infarcted rat hearts reconstructed from magnetic resonance images were imported in Abaqus©. The passive myocardium was modelled as a nearly incompressible, hyperelastic, transversely isotropic material represented by the strain energy function W = ½C(eQ − 1) with Q = bfE112 + bt(E222 + E332 + E322) + bfs(E122 + E212 + E132 + E312). Material parameters were obtained from literature [1]. As boundary conditions, the circumferential and longitudinal displacements at the base were set to zero. The radial displacements at the base were left free. A linearly increasing pressure from 0 to 3.80 kPa and 0.86 kPa, respectively, was applied to the endocardial surfaces of left and right ventricle. Average radial, circumferential and longitudinal strains during passive filling were −0.331, 0.135, 0.042 and −0.250, −0.078 and 0.046 for the healthy heart and the infarcted heart, respectively. The average radial, circumferential and longitudinal stresses were −1.196 kPa, 3.87 kPa in the healthy heart and 0.424 kPa and −1.90 kPa, 8.74 kPa and 1.69 kPa in the infarcted heart. The strains were considerable lower in the infarcted heart compared to the health heart whereas stresses were higher in the presence of an infarct compared to the healthy case. The results of this study indicate the feasibility of the models developed for a more comprehensive assessment of mechanics of the infarcted ventricle including extension to account for cardiac contraction.

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