Identity Reassurance Theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-53
Author(s):  
Michelson and
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Transgender Men

Many Americans are uncomfortable with transgender people and rights, and changing those attitudes requires a new approach. This chapter describes Identity Reassurance Theory, a method of helping targets of persuasion shift their attitudes to better align with their preexisting senses of themselves as moral human beings. The chapter also includes key definitions and background about public opinion about various sexual orientations and gender identities, including differences in attitudes toward transgender men and women in different scenarios and environments. Other data explore levels of and predictors of attitudes toward transgender people and rights.

Preventive Health for Transgender Men and Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (05) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Graf ◽  
Kaitlyn McCune ◽  
Katherine Imborek
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Health ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electronic Medical Record Systems ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Transgender Men

AbstractTransgender men and women experience an incongruity between their assigned sex at birth and their identified gender. Gender dysphoria is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) as clinically significant distress or impairment resulting from misalignment in assigned and experienced gender. Transgender people have a history of negative experiences in health care and efforts should be made to create a welcoming environment through staff training, gender neutral restrooms, and gender inclusive electronic medical record systems. Transgender men and women face unique preventive health concerns in areas of metabolic screening, cancer screening, immunizations, and anticipatory guidance secondary to cross-sex hormone therapy, gender confirming surgical procedures, and certain high-risk behaviors. Here, the available data are reviewed and suggested best practices are outlined to optimize the preventive health for this patient population.

How the “Non-duped” Pass

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Recent Criticism ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Physical Essence ◽  
Social Realm ◽  
Gender Attribution ◽  
And Gender

Abstract This essay responds to Slavoj Žižek's recent criticism of trans activism by arguing for an understanding of gendered recognition within the symbolic-social realm that goes beyond acknowledgment and acceptance of diverse gender identities without requiring the presumption of any biological or physical essence of gender. This model is defended through a review of social constructionist and psychoanalytic models of perception and gender attribution, and illustrated through examples drawn from ChaosLife and Eve's Apple—two Web comics by and about transgender people.

Genital Self-Image and Aesthetic Genital Surgeries: Novel Perspectives Across the Cisgender and Transgender Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Patient Reported Measures ◽  
Transgender Men

Abstract Genital focused body image concerns or negative genital self-image is a common experience across the gender spectrum, including cisgender and transgender populations. Such concerns can result in lower psychological and sexual well-being. In this article, it is proposed that the development of genital self-image concerns may be partly explained by the theoretical framework of cisgenderism. This theory proposes that there are only two genders – men and women – and these are dictated solely by the appearance of the genitals. Any deviation from these two categories can result in discrimination, which particularly impacts transgender individuals. An increasing number of cisgender and transgender people are seeking out aesthetic genital procedures to alleviate genital self-image concerns (and gender dysphoria in transgender populations). The growing body of research suggests that cisgender and transgender men and women are relatively satisfied with the results of their genital procedures. However, this research is limited by a lack of standardized and validated patient-reported measures to evaluate surgical outcomes. Furthermore, despite negative genital self-image being a key motivator for surgery, it is often not included as an outcome measure. In this article, recommendations are proposed for conducting higher quality evaluation studies of aesthetic genital procedures in cisgender and transgender populations. Moreover, future research and clinical directions are suggested to assist transgender men and women who choose not to undergo genital gender confirmation surgery. The vast majority of transgender individuals do not have this surgery and so are in great need of support in managing their gender dysphoria and negative genital self-image.

‘For pagans laugh to hear women teach’: Gender Stereotypes in the Didascalia Apostolorum

1998 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Charlotte Methuen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Women's History ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Gender History ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Women’S History

The broader theme of gender and Christian religion presupposes three definitions: of Christianity, of religion, and of gender. Probably none of these is as simple as it might first appear, but that of gender is perhaps the most critical for our theme. Although there are still some who would use the terms ‘gender’ and ‘sex’ interchangeably, there is a growing tendency to recognize an important distinction between gender – that is, femininity and masculinity, regarded as largely socially constructed – and sex, the biological distinction between male and female human beings. Gender is best considered as born out of interactions between men and women. This means that the gender roles which make up what we experience as masculinity and femininity cannot be defined by looking only at men or at women, although ideas about both can be gained from looking at one group or the other. That is why gender history is different from women’s history, and that is why both women’s history and gender history are essential enterprises. We need women’s history because we need to know where women were as well as where they were not.

scholarly journals Testosterone therapy masculinizes speech and gender presentation in transgender men

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn R. Hodges-Simeon ◽  
Graham P. O. Grail ◽  
Graham Albert ◽  
Matti D. Groll ◽  
Cara E. Stepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Behavior Therapy ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Voice Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Formant Frequencies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Presentation ◽  
Transgender Men

AbstractVoice is one of the most noticeably dimorphic traits in humans and plays a central role in gender presentation. Transgender males seeking to align internal identity and external gender expression frequently undergo testosterone (T) therapy to masculinize their voices and other traits. We aimed to determine the importance of changes in vocal masculinity for transgender men and to determine the effectiveness of T therapy at masculinizing three speech parameters: fundamental frequency (i.e., pitch) mean and variation (fo and fo-SD) and estimated vocal tract length (VTL) derived from formant frequencies. Thirty transgender men aged 20 to 40 rated their satisfaction with traits prior to and after T therapy and contributed speech samples and salivary T. Similar-aged cisgender men and women contributed speech samples for comparison. We show that transmen viewed voice change as critical to transition success compared to other masculine traits. However, T therapy may not be sufficient to fully masculinize speech: while fo and fo-SD were largely indistinguishable from cismen, VTL was intermediate between cismen and ciswomen. fo was correlated with salivary T, and VTL associated with T therapy duration. This argues for additional approaches, such as behavior therapy and/or longer duration of hormone therapy, to improve speech transition.

scholarly journals SITI: Javanese’s Beliefs as the Representation of Gender Roles and Inequalities towards Women’s Position

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransiska Rahayu Myrlinda
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Doing Gender ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT             Being males and females is biologically constructed since human beings were born. Meanwhile, there is also strict distinction done by society to divide people into men and women or usually called as doing gender stereotype. It effects on different assumptions that are attached to them. As the result, people are categorized based on their own gender roles in society. Java, as the symbol of patriarchal society, is the ethnic which agrees with this social phenomenon. Its beliefs symbolize how men and women have different social status. It also results in different gender roles. SITI is the film which deals with this phenomenon. It shows that being “obedient” Javanese women will give effect on social status towards different genders. The theories of sex and gender and also patriarchal society were used to get the reliable data. Keywords: SITI, Sex and Gender, Inequality, Javanese’s beliefs ABSTRAK                 Menjadi pria dan wanita secara biologis dibangun sejak manusia dilahirkan. Sementara itu, ada juga perbedaan mendalam yang masyarakat lakukan untuk membagi manusia menjadi pria dan wanita atau biasa disebut sebagai stereotip di gender. Hal ini berpengaruh pada perbedaan asumsi yang melekat padanya. Sebagai akibat, manusia dikategorikan berdasarkan peran gender mereka sendiri di masyarakat. Jawa, sebagai simbol masyarakat patriarkal, adalah etnis yang setuju dengan fenomena sosial ini. Kepercayaan yang ada pada masyarakat Jawa melambangkan bagaimana pria dan wanita memiliki status sosial yang berbeda. Hal ini juga menghasilkan peran gender yang berbeda. SITI adalah film yang merepresentasikan fenomena ini. Film ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagai perempuan Jawa yang “taat” akan memberikan efek pada status sosial dari gender yang berbeda. Teori seks dan gender serta masyarakat patriarki digunakan untuk mendapatkan data yang sesuai. Kata Kunci: SITI, Teori seks dan gender, Ketidaksetaraan, Kepercayaan Jawa

scholarly journals MENYOAL ALAM, MENJELMA PEREMPUAN: KARNAVAL KULTURAL CERITA RAKYAT MORONENE

TELAGA BAHASA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
La Ode Gusman Nasiru
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Work Concept ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Entire Universe ◽  
And Gender

This research focuses on the characters in the three stories of the Moronene people, entitled: Tina Lungo (TIL); Unsono Nee Taubonto (UNT); and Duu-dunno Rema Yi Kotu'a (DRK). Using the theory of ecofeminism, this research examines the position of men and women in the Moronene ethnic communal and the extent to which the Moronene community applies their appreciation of nature. The work concept uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method. The analysis was carried out after describing the data that had been identified through the reading process. As the result, men are deliberately described with an image that is giddy, poor, and full of anger. Unlike the case with women, who can fully appreciate their oneness with nature, they are endowed with features that nurture, care for, love. In conclusion, humans need to go hand in hand with nature to create world civilization. The three stories are worth giving to children in the concept of fairy tales and bedtime. This is important so that they have ecological and gender awareness so that one day they become human beings who carry the mission of peace for the entire universe. 

Sex and Death: Gender Differences in Aggression and Motivations for Violence

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 753-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose McDermott
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Review Essay ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
And Gender

AbstractGreater theoretical consensus and cohesion could offer critical insights for the broader community of international relations scholars into the role that gender plays in spawning and sustaining processes of violence. This review essay examines the role of gender in generating and perpetuating violence and aggression, both in theory and practice. I make four central claims. First, in many studies involving the role of sex and gender in violence, specific causal models tend to remain underspecified. Second, a divergence in fundamental assumptions regarding the ontological basis of sex differences implicitly permeates and shatters this literature. Third, arguments that men and women are more or less likely to fight appear too simplistic; rather, it is worth considering that men and women may possess different motivations for fighting, and fight under different circumstances and for different reasons. Finally, systematic differences in the variant psychologies of men and women regarding the relative merit of offense and defense exert predictable consequences for public opinion surrounding the conduct of war in particular.

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