scholarly journals Hybridisation capture allows DNA damage analysis of ancient marine eukaryotes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Armbrecht ◽  
G. Hallegraeff ◽  
C. J. S. Bolch ◽  
C. Woodward ◽  
A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Bioinformatic Tool

AbstractMarine sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) is increasingly used to study past ocean ecosystems, however, studies have been severely limited by the very low amounts of DNA preserved in the subseafloor, and the lack of bioinformatic tools to authenticate sedaDNA in metagenomic data. We applied a hybridisation capture ‘baits’ technique to target marine eukaryote sedaDNA (specifically, phyto- and zooplankton, ‘Planktonbaits1’; and harmful algal bloom taxa, ‘HABbaits1’), which resulted in up to 4- and 9-fold increases, respectively, in the relative abundance of eukaryotes compared to shotgun sequencing. We further used the bioinformatic tool ‘HOPS’ to authenticate the sedaDNA component, establishing a new proxy to assess sedaDNA authenticity, “% eukaryote sedaDNA damage”, that is positively correlated with subseafloor depth. We used this proxy to report the first-ever DNA damage profiles from a marine phytoplankton species, the ubiquitous coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Our approach opens new avenues for the detailed investigation of long-term change and evolution of marine eukaryotes over geological timescales.

scholarly journals Hybridisation capture allows DNA damage analysis of ancient marine eukaryotes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Armbrecht ◽  
G. Hallegraeff ◽  
C.J.S. Bolch ◽  
C. Woodward ◽  
A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Ancient Dna ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Shotgun Sequencing ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Bioinformatic Tools ◽  
Bioinformatic Tool

AbstractMarine sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) is increasingly used to study past ocean ecosystems, however, studies have been severely limited by the very low amounts of DNA preserved in the subseafloor, and the lack of bioinformatic tools to authenticate sedaDNA in metagenomic data. We applied a hybridisation capture ‘baits’ technique to target marine eukaryote sedaDNA (specifically, phytoplankton, ‘Phytobaits1’; and harmful algal bloom taxa, ‘HABbaits1’), which resulted in up to 4- and 9-fold increases, respectively, in the relative abundance of eukaryotes compared to shotgun sequencing. We further used the new bioinformatic tool ‘HOPS’ to authenticate the sedaDNA component, establishing a new proxy to assess sedaDNA authenticity, the Ancient: Default (A:D) sequences ratio, here positively correlated with subseafloor depth, and generated the first-ever DNA damage profiles of a key phytoplankton, the ubiquitous coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Our study opens new options for the detailed investigation of marine eukaryotes and their evolution over geological timescales.

Common fate of sister lakes in Hulunbuir Grassland: Long-term harmful algal bloom crisis from multi-source remote sensing insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 594 ◽  
pp. 125970
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Chen ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Qingwei Wang ◽  
Jiming Lv ◽  
Xiangmei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Common Fate ◽  
Sister Lakes

scholarly journals A New Fluorometer to Detect Harmful Algal Bloom Species and its Application as a Long–Term HABs Monitoring Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Mitsuo YOSHIDA ◽  
Yohei SHIMASAKI ◽  
Daiki INOKUCHI ◽  
Ayahiro NAKAZATO ◽  
Shusaku OTAKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom Species

Vivid Imagers Are Better at Detecting Salient Changes

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Rodway ◽  
Karen Gillies ◽  
Astrid Schepman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Visual Imagery ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Change Detection Task ◽  
Term Change ◽  
High Level

This study examined whether individual differences in the vividness of visual imagery influenced performance on a novel long-term change detection task. Participants were presented with a sequence of pictures, with each picture and its title displayed for 17  s, and then presented with changed or unchanged versions of those pictures and asked to detect whether the picture had been changed. Cuing the retrieval of the picture's image, by presenting the picture's title before the arrival of the changed picture, facilitated change detection accuracy. This suggests that the retrieval of the picture's representation immunizes it against overwriting by the arrival of the changed picture. The high and low vividness participants did not differ in overall levels of change detection accuracy. However, in replication of Gur and Hilgard (1975) , high vividness participants were significantly more accurate at detecting salient changes to pictures compared to low vividness participants. The results suggest that vivid images are not characterised by a high level of detail and that vivid imagery enhances memory for the salient aspects of a scene but not all of the details of a scene. Possible causes of this difference, and how they may lead to an understanding of individual differences in change detection, are considered.

Social Cohesion, Breaks, and Transformations in Italy, 535–600

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Pohl
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Religious Context ◽  
Ancient Society ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Classical Culture

When the Gothic War began in Italy in 535, the country still conserved many features of classical culture and late antique administration. Much of that was lost in the political upheavals of the following decades. Building on Chris Wickham’s work, this contribution sketches an integrated perspective of these changes, attempting to relate the contingency of events to the logic of long-term change, discussing political options in relation to military and economic means, and asking in what ways the erosion of consensus may be understood in a cultural and religious context. What was the role of military entrepreneurs of more or less barbarian or Roman extraction in the distribution or destruction of resources? How did Christianity contribute to the transformation of ancient society? The old model of barbarian invasions can contribute little to understanding this complex process. It is remarkable that for two generations, all political strategies in Italy ultimately failed.

Enhanced Seasonal Exchange of CO2 by Northern Ecosystems Since 1960

Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 341 (6150) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Graven ◽  
R. F. Keeling ◽  
S. C. Piper ◽  
P. K. Patra ◽  
B. B. Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
The North ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Global Carbon

Seasonal variations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Northern Hemisphere have increased since the 1950s, but sparse observations have prevented a clear assessment of the patterns of long-term change and the underlying mechanisms. We compare recent aircraft-based observations of CO2 above the North Pacific and Arctic Oceans to earlier data from 1958 to 1961 and find that the seasonal amplitude at altitudes of 3 to 6 km increased by 50% for 45° to 90°N but by less than 25% for 10° to 45°N. An increase of 30 to 60% in the seasonal exchange of CO2 by northern extratropical land ecosystems, focused on boreal forests, is implicated, substantially more than simulated by current land ecosystem models. The observations appear to signal large ecological changes in northern forests and a major shift in the global carbon cycle.

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