scholarly journals Soil microbial and nutrient dynamics under different sowings environment of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in rice based cropping system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar ◽  
Ram Swaroop Meena ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Tariq Muhammad Munir ◽  
Rahul Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Soil Microbial

AbstractFarmers are not growing diversified crops and applying huge amounts of agrochemicals and imbalanced fertilizers in the rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS), since the 1960s. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbial and nutrient dynamics in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under various sowing environments and nutrient sources during Rabi season (October–March), 2015–2016. The experiment was laid out in the split-plot design with three sowing dates in main-plots, and eight nutrient sources in sub-plots. The maximum bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes population, soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), dehydrogenase activities, and available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur (NPKS) were recorded on November 17 sown crop, and the lowest was observed on December 7 sowing during both the years, and in the pooled analysis. Furthermore, applied nutrient sources, highest bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes population, available NPKS, SMBC, and dehydrogenase activity were observed in 75% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + 25% N through pressmud (PM) + Azotobacto + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) than other nutrient sources. In conclusion, high demand and cost of chemical fertilizers can be replaced by 25% amount easily and locally available organic manures like PM compost to sustain the soil health and crop productivity. It will be helpful to restore the soil biodiversity in the RWCS and provide a roadmap for the researchers, government planners, and policymakers for the use of PM as a source of organic matter and nutrients.

scholarly journals Can the new boron-fertilization method improve the system productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) – mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cropping system under upland calcareous soils?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjan Laik ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Biswajit Pamanick ◽  
Vandana Kumari ◽  
Debabrata Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
B Uptake

Abstract Background Calcareous soils are highly deficient in boron (B) which has become one of the most important deficient micronutrients in Indian soil after zinc (Zn). For various rice-based cropping systems, B-fertilization is essential for increasing crop productivity and the biofortification of the crop, thus suitable soil application protocol for B-fertilization are required for B-deficient soils. Results In a six years-long experiment, different rates of B application viz. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg ha− 1 y− 1 were evaluated to determine the effects of three different modes of B fertilization viz. applied only in the first year, in alternating years, and every year in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) – Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cropping system. It was observed that the application of B at 1.5 kg ha− 1 in every year or 2 kg ha− 1 in alternate years resulted in the highest yield of rice and mustard as well as the system productivity of the rice–mustard cropping system. Application of 2 kg ha− 1 B in the initial year showed the maximum B-uptake by rice, while, application of 1.5–2.0 kg ha− 1 B in every year resulted in the maximum B-uptake by the mustard crop. Conclusion Application of B at 2 kg ha− 1 in alternate years or 1.5 kg ha− 1 in every year was the best B-application protocol under rice–mustard cropping system in B-deficient calcareous soils for ensuring the best system productivity of rice–mustard cropping system and B-availability in soil.

scholarly journals Improved Method of Boron Fertilization in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)–Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Cropping System in Upland Calcareous Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5037
Author(s):  
Ranjan Laik ◽  
Santosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Biswajit Pramanick ◽  
Vandana Kumari ◽  
Debabrata Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
B Uptake

Calcareous soils are highly deficient in boron (B) due to having high levels of free CaCO3 and low organic matter. This has become one of the most important deficient micronutrients in Indian soil after zinc (Zn). For various rice (Oryza sativa L.)-based cropping systems, B fertilization is essential for increasing crop productivity and the biofortification of the crop, thus a suitable soil application protocol for B fertilization is required for B-deficient soils. In a six-year experiment, different rates of B application, namely, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kg ha−1 y−1, were evaluated to determine the effects of three different modes of B fertilization, i.e., applied only in the first year, applied in alternating years, and applied every year, in a rice (Oryza sativa L.)–Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cropping system. It was observed that the application of B at 1.5 kg ha−1 every year or 2 kg ha−1 in alternate years resulted in the highest yield of rice and mustard, as well as the maximum system productivity of the rice–mustard cropping system. Application of 2 kg ha−1 of B in the initial year showed the maximum B uptake by rice, while application of 1.5–2.0 kg ha−1 of B every year resulted in the maximum B uptake by the mustard crop. Application of B at 2 kg ha−1 in alternate years or 1.5 kg ha−1 every year was the best B-application protocol in B-deficient calcareous soils for ensuring the highest productivity of the rice–mustard cropping system and B availability in the soil.

Evaluation of Maize (Zea mays L.) + Legume Intercropping System for Productivity, Profitability, Energy Budgeting and Soil Health in Hill Terraces of Eastern Himalayan Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. Baishya ◽  
Temjenna Jamir ◽  
N. Walling ◽  
D. J. Rajkhowa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Eastern Himalayan Region

Three-year (2014-2016) field experiment was conducted for evaluation of maize (Zea mays L.) based intercropping system for productivity, profitability, energy budgeting and soil health in Eastern Himalayan region. The treatments consisted of four sole crop viz. maize, soybean, groundnut, cowpea and six intercropping treatments viz. maize + groundnut (1:1), maize + soybean (1:1), maize + cowpea (1:1) and strip cropping of maize + groundnut (4:4), maize + soybean (4:4), maize + cowpea (4:4). The highest maize equivalent yield (10.2 t ha-1) was recorded in maize + groundnut cropping system (1:1) followed by maize + soybean (1:1) with 8.9 t ha-1. The highest SNBC (soil microbial biomass carbon) (66.2 mg g-1) and organic carbon (1.3%) were recorded with the cultivation of cowpea as a sole or intercrop. Strip cropping system, maize + cowpea (4:4) recorded the highest soil available N, P2O5 and K2O kg ha-1, highest energy efficiency (12.53) and energy productivity 955.01 g MJ-1

Changes in soil carbon and nitrogen under long-term cotton plantations in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. KAIYONG ◽  
F. HUA ◽  
T. RANAB ◽  
M. A. HANJRAC ◽  
D. BO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Time Substitution

SUMMARYCotton is the dominant crop in the northern Xinjiang oasis of China; it accounts for 0·78 of the total planting area and represents a major contribution to economic development. The objective of the present study is to determine how cotton plantation age affected chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. The time substitution method was used on plantation farmlands, reclaimed from uncultivated land 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 years ago. A total of 250 soil samples, at depths of 0–200, 200–400, 400–600, 600–800 and 800–1000 mm, were collected from cotton fields in 10 farms of each age category. There were significant differences in soil organic carbon (SOC), total soil nitrogen (TSN), soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN). There were also differences in the activities of cellulase, invertase and urease between soil layers and plantation ages, and these were most evident in the 200–400 mm layer. The cumulative rates of SOC and SMBC in the 0–1000 mm soil layer at the 5-, 10-, 15- and 20-year sites were 0·89, 0·99, 1·01 and 0·92 mg/kg/yr and 16, 16, 16 and 15 mg/kg/yr, respectively, compared to that at the control site (0 year). The cumulative amounts of SOC and SMBC increased gradually and then decreased, reaching a maximum at plantation ages of 13·1 years and 11·1 years, respectively. This suggests that incorporation of post-harvest cotton residues could be used as an effective measure to improve SOC in farmland of Xinjiang Oasis, and may be recommended for adoption in cotton growing in semi-arid oasis agriculture.

scholarly journals Potential Change of Soil Microbial Diversity in Anticipated Atmospheric-CO2 Elevation Triggers Rhizosphere Activation: A Meta-analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Bhattacharyya ◽  
Eldho Varghese ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Dash ◽  
Soumya Ranjan Padhy ◽  
Priyabrata Santra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Global Database ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Decadal Scale

Abstract One of the key challenges in present time to meet out growing global food demand without damaging environment under constant threats of climate-extremes. Enhancement of nutrient use efficiency and build up intrinsic system tolerance through soil microbial manipulation has gained significant international support to address this challenge. Impact of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) on soil microbial diversities both at present and future climatic scenario in spatial and temporal scale is highly debated with respect to its effects on soil functioning, nutrients dynamics and crop productivity and its practical consequences on resource conservation and food security. We conducted a meta-analysis on global database using 572 observations from 202 studies to investigate the effects of elevated CO2 on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), yield and structural (soil microbial populations) and functional (soil enzymatic activities) diversities across 22 countries and 108 crop species. Overall, our results revealed that MBC and functional diversity increases with elevated atmospheric-CO2 irrespective of temperature zone and crop type. However, data trends showed structural diversity has been gradually adapted under elevated CO2 across the region over decadal scale. Anticipated elevation of atmospheric CO2 increase rhizospheric activities and could make soil more input demanding and more so in temperate region. Therefore, to fetch the benefits of CO2 fertilization and to meet out the higher demand both plant and soil (microbes), real time judicious nutrient supply is necessary; otherwise, soil priming, loss of fixed soil carbon reserve and land degradation might threat the future food security.

scholarly journals Correlation Studies of Soil Properties with Yield of Rice in a Calciorthents

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Pandey ◽  
Ashutosh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Four Levels

Imbalanced use of nutrients through fertilizer have a deleterious effects on soil health, leading to unsustainable productivity. The present investigation was carried out to study the comparative effectiveness of compost and crop residue either alone or in combination of chemical fertilizer on physico chemical properties of soil, soil microbial biomass and crop yield in rice-wheat cropping system in Calciorthents at experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar in light texture and medium fertile soil. There were sixteen treatments which were replicated thrice in split plot design. Four level of NPK viz., no NPK, 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK were kept as main plot treatments whereas four levels of organics viz., no manure, compost @ 10 t ha-1, crop residue and compost + crop residue were treated as sub-plot treatments. The correlation between rice yield and some physico-chemical and microbial attributes of soil were evaluated. Most of soil physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were positively correlated with grain and straw yield of rice. Thus the results suggest that integrated use of balanced inorganic fertilizers in combination with organic manure sustains a soil physico-chemical and microbiological environment of soil that is better for enhancing higher crop productivity.

scholarly journals Influence of natural saferock mineral on soil micro-bilogical parameters under rice-wheat cropping system

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Santosh Ranva ◽  
YV Singh ◽  
Neelam Jain ◽  
Deva Ram Bajiya
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Different Levels

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of SafeRock Minerals (SRM) application on soil microbiological parameters in rice-wheat cropping system. The experiments consisted of two methods of rice and wheat establishment and six different levels of crop nutrition including SRM with mineral fertilizers and organic manure (FYM). The rice was grown in kharif (June to October) season through aerobic direct seeded condition and flooded transplanted system. During rabi (October to April) season wheat was cultivated by two establishment methods viz. system of wheat intensification (SWI) and conventional wheat. The high yielding varieties of Basmati rice (Pusa Basmati 1509) and wheat (HD 2967) were used in the experiment. The results revealed that the soils of rice and wheat crops showed significant improvement in available N, P and K and soil microbial parameters (enzymatic activities and microbial biomass carbon) due to the integrated application of 250 kg/ha SRM + 100% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) and 250 kg/ha SRM + 50% RDF (chemical) + 25% RDF (organic) and 250 kg/ha SRM + 50% organic-FYM (10.0 t/ha) over the sole SRM application under both the methods of stand establishment of rice as well as wheat.

Agronomic performance of autumn- and winter-cropped Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in response to varying levels of nitrogen fertiliser

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Bent Al-Hoda Asghari ◽  
Mohsen Yousefi ◽  
Katarzyna Możdżeń ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Cropping Seasons

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern) cultivation is suggested for regions with short seasons and low rainfall. Although there have been many studies conducted on agronomic production of mustard in Iran, the information regarding the interactive impact of cropping seasons and nitrogen fertiliser on growth characteristics and yield quality of mustard plant is still insufficient and requires further investigation. This study focused on the possible implications of different cropping seasons and different nitrogen levels on selected agronomic traits in mustard. In this experiment, five different doses of nitrogen and two sowing periods were used to assess for their combined effects on the growth parameters, seed yield and agronomic characteristics of mustard in the semi-arid climatic conditions of Takestan. The results revealed that cultivation seasons and nitrogen rates had a significant effect on plant height, biomass yield, number of siliques per plant, seed oil content and seed yield.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document