scholarly journals Internode elongation and strobili production of Humulus lupulus cultivars in response to local strain sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Bauerle
Keyword(s):  
Control Plant ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Meristem Zone ◽  
Flower Quality

AbstractThree different cultivars of Humulus lupulus L. were subjected to a regime of internode touch and bending under greenhouse conditions. Experiments were performed to assess intraspecific variability in plant mechanosensing, flower quality, and yield to quantify the thigmomorphogenic impact on plant compactness and flowering performance. Touching and/or touching plus bending the plant shoot internodes located in the apical meristem zone decreased internode elongation and increased width. The growth responses were due partly to touching and/or touching plus bending perturbation, 25.6% and 28% respectively. Growth of new tissue within the local apical portion of the bine continued to remain mechanosensitive. The number of nodes and female flowers produced was unaffected by either type of mechanical stress. The study provides evidence that thigmomorphogenic cues can be used as a hop crop management tool to increase bine compactness and increase node density per unit area. The findings have broad implications for hop production; production can more readily take place in a confined greenhouse space with the aid of mechanical stimulation to control plant growth without sacrificing yield or flower quality.

Evaluation of Florpyrauxifen-benzyl on Herbicide-Resistant and Herbicide-Susceptible Barnyardgrass Accessions

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Miller ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Alternative Mode ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Biomass Reduction

AbstractFlorpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new herbicide under development in rice that will provide an alternative mode of action to control barnyardgrass. Multiple greenhouse experiments evaluated florpyrauxifen-benzyl efficacy on barnyardgrass accessions collected in rice fields across Arkansas, and to evaluate its efficacy on herbicide-resistant biotypes. In one experiment, florpyrauxifen-benzyl was applied at the labeled rate of 30 g ai ha−1to 152 barnyardgrass accessions collected from 21 Arkansas counties. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 30 g ai ha−1effectively controlled barnyardgrass and subsequently reduced plant height and aboveground biomass. In a dose-response experiment, susceptible-, acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, propanil-, and quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass biotypes were subjected to nine rates of florpyrauxifen-benzyl ranging from 0 to 120 g ai ha−1. The effective dose required to provide 90% control, plant height reduction, and biomass reduction of the susceptible and resistant biotypes fell below the anticipated labeled rate of 30 g ai ha−1. Based on these results, quinclorac-resistant barnyardgrass as well as other resistant biotypes can be controlled with florpyrauxifen-benzyl at 30 g ai ha−1. Overall, results from these studies indicate that florpyrauxifen-benzyl can be an effective tool for controlling susceptible and currently existing herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass biotypes in rice. Additionally, the unique auxin chemistry of florpyrauxifen-benzyl will introduce an alternative mechanism of action in rice weed control thus acting as an herbicide-resistance management tool.

Growth of five hybrid poplar genotypes exposed to interacting elevated CO2 and O3

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1706-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Dickson ◽  
M D Coleman ◽  
D E Riemenschneider ◽  
J G Isebrands ◽  
G D Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Plant Parts

A wide variety of hybrid poplar clones are being introduced for intensive culture biomass production, but the potential clonal or genotypic response to increasing tropospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), and their interactions are unknown. To study these effects, we exposed five different hybrid Populus clones to increased concentrations of CO2, O3, and CO2 + O3 in open-top chambers for one growing season and determined growth responses. Exposure to elevated CO2 increased height growth, dry mass, and basal area; exposure to O3 decreased all three of these growth responses. Exposure impact differed among the different plant parts (leaf, stem, and roots) and among the clones. These differences were associated with different growth strategies or carbon allocation patterns inherent in the different clones. The fastest growing clones had the greatest response to O3 treatment. The addition of CO2 to the O3 exposure counteracted the negative impact of O3 in all plant components except leaf mass (e.g., CO2 + O3 plant mass equaled control plant mass) in all of the clones. But correspondingly, added O3 negated increased growth from CO2. Genetic variation in response to atmospheric pollutants must be considered even in closely related genotypes found in Populus culture.

Strain Sensing Using Hybrid Nanocomposite Membrane

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanru Shang ◽  
Yingtao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Load Sensing ◽  
Sensing Applications

Damage and load sensing is rapidly advancing as driven by vast applications in aerospace and mechanical structures. Recently significant amount of efforts have been reported to develop new piezo-resistive strain sensor made from polymers with carbon nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene. These nanoparticles with advanced mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties are recognized as potential materials which can enhance mechanical performance and provide beneficial functionalities in polymers and composites. However, most previous research focused on the improvement of material properties for sensing applications. Limited work balanced the sensor design and material innovation for real time strain sensing. In this paper nanocomposite membranes are proposed to accurately measure local strain, especially for the strain sensing and health monitoring in composites. The micro-scale morphology and structures are first experimentally characterized. Both the fabrication process and the nanoparticle concentration are investigated to obtain the optimal sensing capabilities. The sensing function is achieved by correlating the piezoresistance variations to the stress or strain applied on the sensing area. Due to the conductive network formed and the tunneling resistance change in neighboring nanoparticles, the electrical resistance measured will show a clear correlation with the load conditions. The characterized membrane structures have the potential to be further applied to continuously monitor impact loads, especially focusing on low velocity barely visible damage in composites.

Gibberelin A3‐Induced Growth Responses of Fuggle Hops ( Humulus lupulus L.) 1

Crop Science ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Zimmermann ◽  
S. N. Brooks ◽  
S. T. Likens
Keyword(s):  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L

Simultaneous global and local strain sensing in SWCNT–epoxy composites by Raman and impedance spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. de la Vega ◽  
I.A. Kinloch ◽  
R.J. Young ◽  
W. Bauhofer ◽  
K. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Global And Local

scholarly journals Elastomeric carbon nanotube circuits for local strain sensing

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (17) ◽  
pp. 173131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hareem Maune ◽  
Marc Bockrath
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Strain Sensing
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