scholarly journals Effect of freeze–thaw cycle on physical and mechanical properties and damage characteristics of sandstone

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Longxiao Chen ◽  
Kesheng Li ◽  
Guilei Song ◽  
Deng Zhang ◽  
Chuanxiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Damage Characteristics ◽  
Large Pore ◽  
Natural Rock ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

AbstractRock deterioration under freeze–thaw cycles is a concern for in-service tunnel in cold regions. Previous studies focused on the change of rock mechanical properties under unidirectional stress, but the natural rock mass is under three dimensional stresses. This paper investigates influences of the number of freeze–thaw cycle on sandstone under low confining pressure. Twelve sandstone samples were tested subjected to triaxial compression. Additionally, the damage characteristics of sandstone internal microstructure were obtained by using acoustic emission (AE) and mercury intrusion porosimetry. Results indicated that the mechanical properties of sandstone were significantly reduced by freeze–thaw effect. Sandstone’ peak strength and elastic modulus were 7.28–37.96% and 6.38–40.87% less than for the control, respectively. The proportion of super-large pore and large pore in sandstone increased by 19.53–81.19%. We attributed the reduced sandstone’ mechanical properties to the degenerated sandstone microstructure, which, in turn, was associated with increased sandstone macropores. The macroscopic failure pattern of sandstone changed from splitting failure to shear failure with an increasing of freeze–thaw cycles. Moreover, the activity of AE signal increased at each stage, and the cumulative ringing count also showed upward trend with the increase of freeze–thaw number.

Experimental Study on Damage Deterioration and Tensile Characteristics of Rock under Freeze-Thaw Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1749-1752
Author(s):  
Hui Mei Zhang ◽  
Geng She Yang ◽  
Yuan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Problem ◽  
Mode Fracture ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Tensile Experiment ◽  
Cycling Experiment

The basic mechanical problem facing of environmental geotechnical engineering in cold regions is the physical and mechanical properties of rocks under freeze-thaw conditions. The freeze-thaw cycling experiment was conducted first for two types of rock which are red sandstone and shale, then the splitting tensile experiment on different freeze-thaw cycles. The damage deterioration and breaking behavior under freeze-thaw conditions was investigated, and the influence of lithology and freeze-thaw cycle on anti-tensile characteristics of rock was studied. It is shown that three freeze-thaw damage deterioration modes of two kinds of rock are spalling mode, fracture mode and crack mode. The freeze-thaw cycle leads to irreversible deterioration on physical and mechanical properties for rock, but the damage of red sandstone is more serious than that of shale by the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The regularity of freeze-thaw effects of compression and tensile characteristics for two rocks are identical, but the tensile characteristic is more sensitive to freeze-thaw cycle.

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Transmission Line Galloping under the Action of Freezing and Thawing in Variable Temperature Range

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yu Ye ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Xunjian Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rock Sample ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

The western part of our country is mostly alpine regions. The rock and soil have been in a strong natural freeze-thaw environment for a long time, and their physical and mechanical properties are easily affected by external loads and external surroundings. Changes due to the influence of the environment will inevitably produce freeze-thaw cycles, damage and destruction, expansion and fracture, etc., resulting in more stable factors than usual. However, there is a lack of theoretical and practical experience in freeze-thaw rocks, especially freeze-thaw hard rocks. Therefore, studying the physical and mechanical properties and damage characteristics of rocks in alpine regions under freeze-thaw cycles has important significance. This paper uses dacite in the alpine region to carry out a freeze-thaw cycle experiment in a variable temperature range. Freezing and thawing cycle test, uniaxial compression test, triaxial compression test, and electron microscope scanning of the rock in the indoor saturated state were carried out. Combining theory with experimental mechanics, freeze-thaw mechanics, and damage mechanics, we studied freeze-thaw cycle in three variable temperature ranges (−20°C–15°C; −30°C–15°C; −40°C–15°C), along with the physical and mechanical properties and damage characteristics of freeze-thaw dacite in the alpine region under cycling. The damage curve of the final theoretical model gradually approaches 1.0 with the increase of strain during the actual test. The rock sample after the medium failure still has a certain bearing capacity, and the rock sample is often destroyed before it reaches the theoretical failure strain.

scholarly journals Strength and Microscopic Damage Mechanism of Yellow Sandstone with Holes under Freezing and Thawing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huren Rong ◽  
Jingyu Gu ◽  
Miren Rong ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Jiayao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Power Function ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Microscopic Damage

In order to study the damage characteristics of the yellow sandstone containing pores under the freeze-thaw cycle, the uniaxial compression test of saturated water-stained yellow sandstones with different freeze-thaw cycles was carried out by rock servo press, the microstructure was qualitatively analyzed by Zeiss 508 stereo microscope, and the microdamage mechanism was quantitatively studied by using specific surface area and pore size analyzer. The mechanism of weakening mechanical properties of single-hole yellow sandstone was expounded from the perspective of microstructure. The results show the following. (1) The number of freeze-thaw cycles and single-pore diameter have significant effects on the strength and elastic modulus of the yellow sandstone; the more the freeze-thaw cycles and the larger the pore size, the lower the strength of the yellow sandstone. (2) The damage modes of the yellow sandstone containing pores under the freeze-thaw cycle are divided into five types, and the yellow sandstone with pores is divided into two areas: the periphery of the hole and the distance from the hole; as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, different regions show different microscopic damage patterns. (3) The damage degree of yellow sandstone is different with freeze-thaw cycle and pore size. Freeze-thaw not only affects the mechanical properties of yellow sandstone but also accelerates the damage process of pores. (4) The damage of the yellow sandstone by freeze-thaw is logarithmic function, and the damage of the yellow sandstone is a power function. The damage equation of the yellow sandstone with pores under the freezing and thawing is a log-power function nonlinear change law and presents a good correlation.

scholarly journals An adaptive prediction method for mechanical properties deterioration of sandstone under freeze–thaw cycles: a case study of Yungang Grottoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Liu ◽  
Yibiao Liu ◽  
Weizhong Ren ◽  
Wenhui Xu ◽  
Simin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Yungang Grottoes

AbstractDue to the location of the Yungang Grottoes, freeze–thaw cycles contribute significantly to the degradation of the mechanical properties of the sandstone. The factors influencing the freeze–thaw cycle are classified into two categories: external environmental conditions and the inherent properties of the rock itself. Since the parameters of rock properties are inherent to each rock, the effect of rock properties on freeze–thaw degradation cannot be investigated by the control variates method. An adaptive multi-output gradient boosting decision trees (AMGBDT) algorithm is proposed to fit nonlinear relationships between mechanical properties and physical factors. The hyperparameters in the GBDT algorithm are set as variables, and the Sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm is applied to solve the hyperparameter optimization, which means finding the maximum Score. The case study illustrates that the AMGBDT algorithm can precisely determine the effect of each independent factor on the output. The patterns of mechanical properties are similar when the number of freeze–thaw cycles and porosity are used as variables separately and when both are used simultaneously. The uniaxial compressive strength decay rate is positively correlated with the number of freeze–thaw cycles and porosity. The modulus of elasticity is negatively correlated with the number of freeze–thaw cycles and porosity. The results show that the number of freeze–thaw cycles is the main factor influencing the freeze–thaw cycling action, and the porosity is minor. In addition, the fitting accuracy of the AMGBDT algorithm is generally higher than neural networks (NN) and random forests (RF). Studying the influence of porosity and other rock properties on the freeze–thaw cycle will help to understand the failure mechanism of rock freeze–thaw cycles.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Mechanical Properties and Gradual Deterioration of Microstructures of Rock Mass Subject to Freeze-thaw Cycles

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Haibo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Freezing Temperature ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Saturated Rock ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Rock Microstructure ◽  
The Relationship

Under freeze-thaw cycles, the relationship between rock microstructure deterioration and its macroscopic mechanical characteristics has drawn extensive attention from engineers. With the objective to incorporate freeze-thaw cycle experiment into headrace tunnel engineering, in the present study two groups of andesite rock samples in different states are tested under the conditions of the lowest freezing temperature of –40 ℃ and the thawing temperature of 20 ℃. Damage detection was performed by magnetic resonance imaging for the interior microstructure of rock samples subject to different freeze-thaw cycles, and the relationship between the sample mechanical properties and gradual deterioration of rock microstructures was discussed. The results demonstrate evident influence of freeze-thaw cycle on the damage and deterioration of internal pore structure in andesite, and the rock uniaxial compressive strength and elasticity modulus exhibit a decreasing trend with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles. After 40 cycles, the strength of naturally saturated rock samples decreases by 39.4% (equivalent to 69.4 MPa) and the elasticity modulus drops by 47.46% (equivalent to 3.27 GPa). For rock samples saturated by vacuum, 40 freeze-thaw cycles lead to a decrease of 36.86% (equivalent to 58.2 MPa) in rock strength and a drop of 44.85% (equivalent to 2.83 GPa) in elasticity modulus. Therefore, the test results quantitatively elucidate the substantial influence of freeze-thaw cycle on the damage and deterioration of internal structure in andesite.

scholarly journals Influence of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on Engineering Properties of Tonalite: Examples from China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Su-Ran Wang ◽  
You-Liang Chen ◽  
Jing Ni ◽  
Mu-Dan Zhang ◽  
Heng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

The deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties of tonalites subjected to freeze-thaw cycling under three different temperature ranges was explored using several experimental techniques. Uniaxial compression and three-point bending tests were conducted on untreated and treated tonalite specimens. Clear decreases in uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young’s modulus, and fracture toughness were observed in tonalite specimens with frost damage. Although Young’s modulus and fracture toughness did not show clear decreases as the minimum temperature of the freeze-thaw cycle decreased from −30°C to −50°C, the UCS decreased almost linearly. The macromechanical characteristics of the tonalites can be explained by changes in mineral content and microstructure. The intensity of X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of minerals in tonalites that had not been freeze-thaw cycled were approximately 10 to 20 times higher than the peaks for the specimens subjected to freeze-thaw cycling, implying that the internal structure of tonalite is less compact after frost damage. The microstructures of the tonalite specimens were also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Increased amounts of fragmentation and breaking of structural planes were observed as the minimum temperature of the freeze-thaw cycle decreased.

Comparison of Multiple Freeze-Thaw Cycles of High-Performance Concrete Test Beams and Concrete Beams Loaded Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 570-573
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Li ◽  
Xian Chun Zheng ◽  
Xiao Hong Cong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Concrete Structure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Experimental Basis ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle

This study focuses on the following: analysis of the basic mechanical properties of freeze-thaw cycles BFRP composite; freeze-thaw cycle on BFRP reinforced concrete structures force performance; provide experimental basis for the the basalt FRP freeze-thaw environment concrete structure andtheoretical support.

Study on Influence of Freeze-Thaw Cycles on the Physical-Mechanical Properties of Loess

2012 ◽  
Vol 442 ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Gui Quan Bi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Filling Water

Loess foundations in seasonally frozen soil region are subject to severe effect of freeze-thaw cycles. This often results in water redistribution and structure weakening. So it is very important to study the physical-mechanical properties of loess under freeze-thaw cycles. In this paper, systematic study was carried out using freeze-thaw cycle machine. The impacts of freeze-thaw cycles on the physical-mechanical properties of loess including deformation, water distribution and dry density under the condition of filling water to loess samples were investigated. The results proved that the freeze-thaw cycles can increase the water content gradually from the bottom to the top in the loess samples under water supplied condition. The water content gradient reaches maximum at the freeze-thaw interface. The loess samples deform sharply at the early stage of the freeze-thaw cycles and then reach a stable status. The freeze-thaw cycles decrease the dry density of the loess samples gradually. The dry density at the top is lower than that at the bottom, due to more severe freeze-thaw effect at the top of the samples.

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