scholarly journals OpiumPlex is a novel microsatellite system for profiling opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Vašek ◽  
Daniela Čílová ◽  
Martina Melounová ◽  
Pavel Svoboda ◽  
Kamila Zdeňková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Internal Validation ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractOpium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is a versatile plant exploited by the pharmaceutical and food industries. Unfortunately, it is also infamously known as a source of highly addictive narcotics, primarily heroin. Drug abuse has devastating consequences for users and also has many direct or indirect negative impacts on human society as a whole. Therefore, developing a molecular genetic tool for the individualization of opium poppy, raw opium or heroin samples could help in the fight against the drug trade by retrieving more information about the source of narcotics and linking isolated criminal cases. Bioinformatic analysis provided insight into the distribution, density and other characteristics of roughly 150 thousand microsatellite loci within the poppy genome and indicated underrepresentation of microsatellites with the desired attributes. Despite this fact, 27 polymorphic STR markers, divided into three multiplexed assays, were developed in this work. Internal validation confirmed species-specific amplification, showed that the optimal amount of DNA is within the range of 0.625–1.25 ng per reaction, and indicate relatively well balanced assays according to the metrics used. Moreover, the stutter ratio (mean + 3 SD 2.28–15.59%) and allele-specific stutters were described. The analysis of 187 individual samples led to the identification of 158 alleles in total, with a mean of 5.85 alleles and a range of 3–14 alleles per locus. Most of the alleles (151) were sequenced by the Sanger method, which enabled us to propose standardized nomenclature and create three allelic ladders. The OpiumPlex system discriminates most of the varieties from each other and pharmaceutical varieties from the others (culinary, dual and ornamental).

COMBINING ABILITY FOR INHERITANCE OF ECONOMIC TRAITS IN OPIUM POPPY (Papaver somniferum L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
B. Kumar ◽  
N. K. Patra
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Parental Material ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an important medicinal plant produces more than 80 alkaloids obtained from the capsules and straw of the plant. The estimate of combining ability gives an indication of the genetic behaviour of the parental material. It is therefore, desirable to select the parents for hybridization on the basis of their per se performance and combining ability effects. The F1, F2 and their reciprocals of an eight parent diallel cross in opium poppy were studied for combining ability of seven economic traits. The mean sum of squares due to GCA, SCA and reciprocals were significant for all the traits. The magnitude of GCA variances were invariably higher than those of SCA and thus indicating the preponderance of non-additive genetic variances, which was further affirmed by the measure of average degree of dominance i.e. ?(?2s/? 2g).  Among the parents VN35I for plant height, Sanchita and VG26 for capsules per plant, VN23, VN35I and Vivek for capsule index, VG26 and Sanchita for seed and straw yield per plant, and VN35I and VG20 for morphine content were found good general combiners. Earliness being a desired trait, parent VG20 having significant negative GCA estimates coupled with per se performance can be considered as good general combiner for early flowering. Inclusion of good general combiners in a multiple crossing program or an inter-mating population involving all possible crosses among them subjected to bi-parental mating may be expected to offer maximum promise in breeding for economic traits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v24i2.17000

Growth, Opium Gum Yield, and Photoperiod Response in Five Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 481d-481
Author(s):  
Z. Wang ◽  
M.C. Acock ◽  
B. Acock
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Critical Photoperiod ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Positive Correlations

To develop models for estimating growth, flowering time and gum yield of opium poppy, we compared variability among five cultivars (T, L, B1, B2, B3) from different latitudes in three Southeast Asian countries. Variability in the relationships between gum yield, capsule volume, and dry weight was also examined. Plants were grown in six growth chambers at a 11-, 12-, 13-, 14-, 15-, or 16-h photoperiod (PP) with a 12-h 25/20 °C thermoperiod. The main capsule was lanced for opium gum at 10, 13, and 16 d after flowering (DAF). Plants were harvested at 21 DAF and separated into leaves, stems, and capsules. Flowering time for B2 was affected least by PP and B1 the most. Flowering times for B3, L, and T were similar across the range of PPs. All cultivars showed a significant increase in flowering time from 14 to 13 h PP. Cultivars that flowered late (such as B1) had greater biomass than those that flowered earlier. However, cultivars that flowered earlier (such as L) had more dry matter partitioned into capsule than late-flowering ones. B2, B3, and L had the highest gum yields while B1 had the lowest. Positive correlations were found between gum dry weight and capsule volume (or dry weight) for T and L, but no correlations were observed between these variables for B1, B2, and B3. Our results indicated that plant dry weight varied as much as 77% and flowering time varied up to 40% even though the critical photoperiod was the same for all cultivars. The ratio of gum yield to capsule dry weight were significantly different between B1 and T.

New Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the BTC1 gene of Sugar Beet

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
A.A. Nalbandyan ◽  
T.P. Fedulova ◽  
I.V. Cherepukhina ◽  
T.I. Kryukova ◽  
N.R. Mikheeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Flowering Time Control ◽  
Exon 10

The flowering time control gene of various sugar beet plants has been studied. The BTC1 gene is a regulator for the suppressor (flowering time 1) and inducer (flowering time 2) genes of this physiological process. The F9/R9 primer pair was used for polymerase chain reaction; these primers are specific to the BTC1 gene region containing exon 9, as well as intron and exon 10. For the first time, nucleotide substitutions in exon 10 of BTC1 gene were identified in bolting sensitive samples (HF1 and BF1), which led to a change in the amino acid composition of the coded polypeptide chain. Based on the results of bioinformatic analysis, it can be assumed that certain nucleotide polymorphisms in the BTC1 gene may determine with a high probability the predisposition of sugar beet genotypes to early flowering. The use of the Geneious Prime tool for the analysis of the BTC1 gene sequences may allow the culling of genotypes prone to early flowering at early stages of selection. sugar beet, flowering gene, BTC1, genetic polymorphism, PCR, molecular genetic markers, selection

The Leucine-Rich Repeat Domain Can Determine Effective Interaction Between RPS2 and Other Host Factors in Arabidopsis RPS2-Mediated Disease Resistance

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diya Banerjee ◽  
Xiaochun Zhang ◽  
Andrew F Bent
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Domain Swap ◽  
Allele Specific

Abstract Like many other plant disease resistance genes, Arabidopsis thaliana RPS2 encodes a product with nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains. This study explored the hypothesized interaction of RPS2 with other host factors that may be required for perception of Pseudomonas syringae pathogens that express avrRpt2 and/or for the subsequent induction of plant defense responses. Crosses between Arabidopsis ecotypes Col-0 (resistant) and Po-1 (susceptible) revealed segregation of more than one gene that controls resistance to P. syringae that express avrRpt2. Many F2 and F3 progeny exhibited intermediate resistance phenotypes. In addition to RPS2, at least one additional genetic interval associated with this defense response was identified and mapped using quantitative genetic methods. Further genetic and molecular genetic complementation experiments with cloned RPS2 alleles revealed that the Po-1 allele of RPS2 can function in a Col-0 genetic background, but not in a Po-1 background. The other resistance-determining genes of Po-1 can function, however, as they successfully conferred resistance in combination with the Col-0 allele of RPS2. Domain-swap experiments revealed that in RPS2, a polymorphism at six amino acids in the LRR region is responsible for this allele-specific ability to function with other host factors.

Impact of mutagenesis on cytological behavior in relation to specific alkaloids in Opium Poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

Caryologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chatterjee Avijeet ◽  
Sudhir Shukla ◽  
Anu Rastogi ◽  
Brij K. Mishra ◽  
D. Ohri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Opium Poppy

scholarly journals Discriminant function analysis for opium and seed yield in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)

Genetika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-120
Author(s):  
H.K. Yadav ◽  
S. Shukla ◽  
S.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Papaver Somniferum ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Opium Poppy ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Selection Indices

Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) is an important medicinal plant of pharmacopoel uses. Opium latex and its derivatives are used in different medicines as analgesic, narcotic, sedative, sudorific, hyponitic, antispasmodic, ant diarrhea and cough etc. Genetic improvement in opium and seed yield, component breeding is important and selection based on multiple characters is more beneficial in developing desired plant types. Therefore the present study was made on group of 22 strains of opium poppy to find out variability and suitable selection indices for opium and seed yield. Heritability in broad sense was high for capsule weight/plant, plant height, capsule length, stem diameter and opium yield. The discriminant functions based on single character were less efficient while on the basis of combination it was in general more efficient. The comparison of different functions revealed that capsule weight/plant, capsule length, plant height are major yield component and thus practicing selection for attainment of high opium and seed yield lines, maximum weight age could be given to these characters. The positive association of opium yield and seed yield suggested that by adopting suitable component breeding and selection, a dual-purpose variety (opium and seed yield) may be developed.

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