scholarly journals A novel automated SARS-CoV-2 saliva PCR test protects a global asymptomatic workforce

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Carter ◽  
Maryam Clausen ◽  
Rebecca A. Halpin ◽  
Colin Blackmore ◽  
Kang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Testing Programme ◽  
Pcr Test

AbstractRegular PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic individuals for SARS-CoV-2 virus has become the established method by which health services are managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Businesses such as AstraZeneca have also prioritised voluntary asymptomatic testing to keep workplaces safe and maintain supply of essential medicines to patients. We describe the development of an internal automated SARS-CoV-2 testing programme including the transformative introduction of saliva as an alternative sample type.

scholarly journals A novel, automated SARS-CoV-2 saliva PCR test protects a global asymptomatic workforce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Carter ◽  
Maryam Clausen ◽  
Rebecca Halpin ◽  
Colin Blackmore ◽  
Kang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Testing Programme ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Regular PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic individuals for SARS-CoV-2 virus has become the established method by which health services are managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Businesses such as AstraZeneca have also prioritised voluntary asymptomatic testing to keep workplaces safe and maintain supply of essential medicines to patients. We describe the development of an internal automated SARS-CoV-2 testing programme including the transformative introduction of saliva as an alternative sample type.

scholarly journals A novel, automated SARS-CoV-2 saliva PCR test protects a global asymptomatic workforce

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Carter ◽  
Maryam Clausen ◽  
Rebecca Halpin ◽  
Colin Blackmore ◽  
Kang Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Testing Programme ◽  
Pcr Test

Abstract Regular PCR testing of nasopharyngeal swabs from symptomatic individuals for SARS-CoV-2 virus has become the established method by which health services are managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Businesses such as AstraZeneca have also prioritised voluntary asymptomatic testing to keep workplaces safe and maintain supply of essential medicines to patients. We describe the development of an internal automated SARS-CoV-2 testing programme including the transformative introduction of saliva as an alternative sample type.

Health Services

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
The Right

This chapter considers health services as a basic good that satisfy critical basic human needs for maintaining minimal levels of well-being. It considers the widespread nature of health services deprivation and the consequent negative health impacts. The chapter examines the subsistence right to health services and the role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It doing so, it makes a distinction between the right to health services and the right to health itself, favoring the former. It also examines the leading causes of death, child survival, the provision of health services to poor people, essential medicines, medical brain drain, antimicrobial resistance, and pandemics.

scholarly journals How does performance-based financing affect the availability of essential medicines in Cameroon? A qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii4-iii19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isidore Sieleunou ◽  
Anne-Marie Turcotte-Tremblay ◽  
Manuela De Allegri ◽  
Jean-Claude Taptué Fotso ◽  
Habakkuk Azinyui Yumo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Performance Based Financing ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Performance-based financing (PBF) is being implemented across low- and middle-income countries to improve the availability and quality of health services, including medicines. Although a few studies have examined the effects of PBF on the availability of essential medicines (EMs) in low- and middle-income countries, there is limited knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these effects. Our research aimed to explore how PBF in Cameroon influenced the availability of EMs, and to understand the pathways leading to the experiential dimension related with the observed changes. The design was an exploratory qualitative study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, using semi-structured questionnaires. Key informants were selected using purposive sampling. The respondents (n = 55) included health services managers, healthcare providers, health authorities, regional drugs store managers and community members. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative data analysis software. Thematic analysis was performed. Our findings suggest that the PBF programme improved the perceived availability of EMs in three regions in Cameroon. The change in availability of EMs experienced by stakeholders resulted from several pathways, including the greater autonomy of facilities, the enforced regulation from the district medical team, the greater accountability of the pharmacy attendant and supply system liberalization. However, a sequence of challenges, including delays in PBF payments, limited autonomy, lack of leadership and contextual factors such as remoteness or difficulty in access, was perceived to hinder the capacity to yield optimal changes, resulting in heterogeneity in performance between health facilities. The participants raised concerns regarding the quality control of drugs, the inequalities between facilities and the fragmentation of the drug management system. The study highlights that some specific dimensions of PBF, such as pharmacy autonomy and the liberalization of drugs supply systems, need to be supported by equity interventions, reinforced regulation and measures to ensure the quality of drugs at all levels.

scholarly journals Health facility preparedness of maternal and neonatal health services: a survey in Jumla, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasang Tamang ◽  
Padam Simkhada ◽  
Paul Bissell ◽  
Edwin van Teijlingen ◽  
Rose Khatri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Neonatal Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ambulance Transport ◽  
Emergency Ambulance ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Health

Abstract Background Over the past 20 years, Nepal has seen major improvements in childhood and maternal survival. In 2015, the Nepalese government introduced a new federal political structure. It is unclear how this has affected the health system, and particularly, maternal and child health care. Hence, this study aims to describe and analyse health facility preparedness in the light of the federalization process with regards to providing appropriate and timely maternal and neonatal health services. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Jumla district, Nepal in 2019 covering all 31 state health facilities (HF) to assess the availability of maternal and neonatal health services including appropriate workforce and access to essential medicines. Tests of association between demographic factors and the probability of a facility experiencing a shortage of essential medicine within the last 3 months were also conducted as exploratory procedures. Results Out ot 31 HFs, more than 90% of them had all their staff positions filled. Most facilities (n = 21) had experienced shortages of essential medicines within the past 3 months. The most common out of stock medicine were: Amoxicillin (n = 10); paracetamol (n = 10); Vitamin A (n = 7); and Metronidazole (n = 5). Twenty-two HFs had referred maternal and newborn cases to a higher centre within the past 12 months. However, more worryingly, twenty HFs or their catchment communities did not have emergency ambulance transport for women and newborns. Conclusion HFs reported better staffing levels than levels of available drugs. HFs should be supported to meet required minimal standards such as availability of essential medicines and the provision of emergency ambulance transport for women and newborns.

scholarly journals Indicators related to the rational use of medicines and its associated factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (suppl.2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Guimarães Lima ◽  
Juliana Álvares ◽  
Augusto Afonso Guerra Junior ◽  
Ediná Alves Costa ◽  
Ione Aquemi Guibu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Basic Health ◽  
Rational Use Of Medicines ◽  
Basic Health Units

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate indicators related to the rational use of medicines and its associated factors in Basic Health Units. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a representative sample of Brazilian cities included in the Pesquisa Nacional sobre Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos – Serviços, 2015 (PNAUM – National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines – Services, 2015). The data were collected by interviews with users, medicine dispensing professionals, and prescribers; and described by prescription, dispensing, and health services indicators. We analyzed the association between human resources characteristics of pharmaceutical services and dispensing indicators. RESULTS: At national level, the average number of medicines prescribed was 2.4. Among the users, 5.8% had antibiotic prescription, 74.8% received guidance on how to use the medicines at the pharmacy and, for 45.1% of users, all prescribed medicines were from the national list of essential medicines. All the indicators presented statistically significant differences between the regions of Brazil. The dispensing professionals that reported the presence of a pharmacist in the unit with a working load of 40 hours or more per week presented 1.82 more chance of transmitting information on the way of using the medicines in the dispensing process. CONCLUSION: The analysis of prescription, dispensing, and health services indicators in the basic health units showed an unsatisfactory proportion of essential medicines prescription and limitations in the correct identification of the medicine, orientation to the patients on medicines, and availability of therapeutic protocols in the health services

scholarly journals ANALISIS PROGRAM INDONESIA SEHAT DENGAN PENDEKATAN KELUARGA (PIS-PK) INDIKATOR HIPERTENSI DAN KB DI DESA COMBONGAN RT 01, RT 02 DAN RT 03

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Triani Marwati ◽  
Irnafa Ratri Aisya ◽  
Aulia Alifariani
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Family Approach ◽  
Healthy Family ◽  
Main Components

The Healthy Indonesia Program with Family Approach (PIS-PK) integrates program implementation through the 6 main components in strengthening health systems (six building blocks), namely strengthening efforts to health services, availability of health workers, health information systems, access to essential medicines, financing and leadership or government. The purpose of this study is to increase family and member access to comprehensive (promotive-preventive, curative and rehabilitative health services) and to understand the healthy family approach program with a family approach (PIS-PK). The location of this study was in Combongan Village RT 01, RT 02 and RT 03, Bantul Regency. The population in this study were residents who lived in Combongan Village, Banguntapan District, Bantul Yogyakarta. The sample in this study was all families living in Combongan Village, Banguntapan District, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The results of this study the highest coverage value found in the indicators of families having access and using healthy latrines, which is 37%. There were 5 main problems in RT 01, RT 02, and RT 03. Hypertension and family planning were the priority problems in the area. The Healthy Indonesia Program is one of the programs from the 5th agenda of Nawa Cita, namely Improving the Quality of Indonesian Human Life. The goal of the Healthy Indonesia Program is to increase the health status and nutritional status of the community through health and community empowerment efforts supported by equitable health services and financial protection

scholarly journals Perceived barriers to maternal and newborn health services delivery: a qualitative study of health workers and community members in low and middle-income settings

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e021223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Sumankuuro ◽  
Judith Crockett ◽  
Shaoyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Maternal And Newborn Health ◽  
Neonatal Health ◽  
Community Members ◽  
West Region ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Health ◽  
Maternal And Newborn

ObjectivesIn considering explanations for poor maternal and newborn health outcomes, many investigations have focused on the decision-making patterns and actions of expectant mothers and families, as opposed to exploring the ‘supply side’ (health service provider) barriers. Thus, we examined the health system factors impacting on access to and delivery of quality maternal and newborn healthcare in rural settings.DesignA semistructured qualitative study using face-to-face in-depth interviews with health professionals, and focus group sessions with community members, in eight project sites in two districts of Upper West Region, Ghana, was employed. Participants were purposively selected to generate relevant data to help address the study objective. The survey was guided by WHO standard procedures and Ghana Health Ministry’s operational work plan for maternal and newborn care.SettingNadowli–Kaleo and Daffiama–Bussie–Issa districts in Upper West Region, Ghana.ParticipantsTwo hundred and fifty-three participants were engaged in the study through convenient and purposive sampling: healthcare professionals (pharmacist, medical doctor, two district directors of health services, midwives, community health and enrolled nurses) (n=13) and community members comprising opinion leaders, youth leaders and adult non-pregnant women (n=240 in 24 units of focus groups).ResultsResults show significant barriers affecting the quality and appropriateness of maternal and neonatal health services in the rural communities and the Nadowli District Hospital. The obstacles were inadequate medical equipment and essential medicines, infrastructural challenges, shortage of skilled staff, high informal costs of essential medicines and general limited capacities to provide care.ConclusionImplementation of the birth preparedness and complication readiness strategy is in its infancy at the health facility level in the study areas. Increasing the resources at the health provider level is essential to achieving international targets for maternal and neonatal health outcomes and for bridging inequities in access to essential maternal and newborn healthcare.

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