Health Services

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
The Right

This chapter considers health services as a basic good that satisfy critical basic human needs for maintaining minimal levels of well-being. It considers the widespread nature of health services deprivation and the consequent negative health impacts. The chapter examines the subsistence right to health services and the role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It doing so, it makes a distinction between the right to health services and the right to health itself, favoring the former. It also examines the leading causes of death, child survival, the provision of health services to poor people, essential medicines, medical brain drain, antimicrobial resistance, and pandemics.

Housing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Human Need ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
Housing Deprivation

This chapter considers housing as a basic good that satisfies critical basic human needs for shelter. Housing satisfies not only the human need for shelter but also as a place in which the provision of other basic goods can occur. The chapter also considers the widespread but unknown extent of housing deprivation and the consequent negative impacts for well-being, including health. It examines the subsistence right to housing and the role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It also examines the issue of refugees and displaced people, urban slums, approaches to housing provision, and regulatory frameworks.

Education Services

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
United Nations System

This chapter considers education services as a basic good that satisfy critical basic human needs, which allow individuals to effectively participate in society. It considers the widespread nature of education services deprivation and the consequent negative impacts for well-being and growth. The chapter examines the subsistence right to education services and the role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It also examines the special role of girls’ education, education quality, and accountability; and the potential role for schools to serve as basic goods provision centers. It concludes with a consideration of demand-side issues and education provisioning processes, including the relative role of public and private provision.

Human Security

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Human Security ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Arms Trade ◽  
Humanitarian Space ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
United Nations System ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Right

This chapter introduces the concept of human security and relates the concept to the basic goods approach. It considers the widespread nature of human security deprivation and the consequent negative impacts for well-being and safety. The chapter examines the right to human security and the central role of this right within the United Nations system of human rights. It considers the related concepts of the right to protect and humanitarian space, the many causes of human insecurity, the contribution of the drug and arms trade to human insecurity, and the various kinds of costs and impacts of human insecurity. It concludes with a brief consideration of various means to better provide human security services.

The Debatable Role of Courts in Brazil's Health Care System: Does Litigation Harm or Help?

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Mota Prado
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
State Obligations ◽  
The Right

The 1988 Brazilian Constitution establishes a right to health in two of its provisions. The first provision provides a relatively long list of social rights, which includes not only the right to health, but also the right to the determinants of health such as education, food, employment, and shelter (Art. 6). The second provision (Art. 196) recognizes the two components of the right to health, namely: (i) factors that are likely to affect a person’s health, such as access to clean water, sanitation and nutrition; and (ii) medical care or health services. This second provision establishes that the right to health “shall be guaranteed by means of social and economic policies aimed at reducing the risk of illness and other hazards and by the universal and equal access to actions and services for its promotion, protection and recovery.” It also enumerates state obligations, the first and most important one being the duty of the Brazilian state to guarantee the right to health to every citizen.

scholarly journals Qualitative accounts from Syrian health professionals regarding violations of the right to health, including the use of chemical weapons, in opposition-held Syria

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e021096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine H A Footer ◽  
Emily Clouse ◽  
Diana Rayes ◽  
Zaher Sahloul ◽  
Leonard S Rubenstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Chemical Weapons ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
The Right ◽  
Worker Experience ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesTo explore the impact of the conflict, including the use of chemical weapons, in Syria on healthcare through the experiences of health providers using a public health and human rights lens.DesignA qualitative study using semi-structured interviews conducted in-person or over Skype using a thematic analysis approach.SettingInterviews were conducted with Syrian health workers operating in opposition-held Syria in cooperation with a medical relief organisation in Gaziantep, Turkey.ParticipantsWe examined data from 29 semi-structured in-depth interviews with a sample of health professionals with current or recent work-related experience in opposition-controlled areas of Syria, including respondents to chemical attacks.ResultsFindings highlight the health worker experience of attacks on health infrastructure and services in Syria and consequences in terms of access and scarcity in availability of essential medicines and equipment. Quality of services is explored through physicians’ accounts of the knock-on effect of shortages of equipment, supplies and personnel on the right to health and its ethical implications. Health workers themselves were found to be operating under extreme conditions, in particular responding to the most recent chemical attacks that occurred in 2017, with implications for their own health and mental well-being.ConclusionsThe study provides unique insight into the impact war has had on Syrian’s right to health through the accounts of a sample of Syrian health professionals, with continuing relevance to the current conflict and professional issues facing health workers in conflict settings.

Is the Equity of Access to Healthcare a European Constitutional Standard? A Comparative Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-462
Author(s):  
Dawid Sześciło
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Accessibility Of Health Services ◽  
The Right ◽  
Equity Of Access

Abstract A welfare state crisis resulting from austerity policies creates risks to healthcare systems throughout Europe. It escalates the pressure to reduce State responsibilities and weakens the guarantees of accessibility and quality of health services. One of the most effective barriers to this tendency might be a strong constitutional standard of the right to health. This article reviews the constitutional acts of 28 European Union Member States in order to explore the scope of protection of the right to health, with a special focus on the various aspects of equity of access to healthcare. It also shows the absence of a universal European standard of the constitutional regulation of this matter, and describe major differences relating to formulation, level of protection guaranteed, and the material scope of regulation. In conclusion, a hypothesis is proposed on the potential role of constitutional guarantees in preventing the deterioration of accessibility of health services.

EVERYDAY PRACTICE OF MOTHERS IN A PROVINCIAL SOVIET CITY IN THE 1950–60S

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Irina V. Bogdashina
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
The Real ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

The article reveals the measures undertaken by the Soviet state during the “thaw” in the fi eld of reproductive behaviour, the protection of motherhood and childhood. Compilations, manuals and magazines intended for women were the most important regulators of behaviour, determining acceptable norms and rules. Materials from sources of personal origin and oral history make it possible to clearly demonstrate the real feelings of women. The study of women’s everyday and daily life in the aspect related to pregnancy planning, bearing and raising children will allow us to compare the real situation and the course of implementation of tasks in the fi eld of maternal and child health. The demographic surge in the conditions of the economy reviving after the war, the lack of preschool institutions, as well as the low material wealth of most families, forced women to adapt to the situation. In the conditions of combining the roles of mother, wife and female worker, women entrusted themselves with almost overwork, which affected the health and well-being of the family. The procedure for legalising abortion gave women not only the right to decide the issue of motherhood themselves, but also made open the already necessary, but harmful to health, habitual way of birth control. Maternal care in diffi cult material and housing conditions became the concern of women and the older generation, who helped young women to combine the role of a working mother, which the country’s leadership confi dently assigned to women.

The Origins of Human Rights in Global Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence O. Gostin ◽  
Benjamin Mason Meier
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Global Health ◽  
International Law ◽  
Right To Health ◽  
Right To Health Care ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Right

This chapter introduces the foundational importance of human rights for global health, providing a theoretical basis for the edited volume by laying out the role of human rights under international law as a normative basis for public health. By addressing public health harms as human rights violations, international law has offered global standards by which to frame government responsibilities and evaluate health practices, providing legal accountability in global health policy. The authors trace the historical foundations for understanding the development of human rights and the role of human rights in protecting and promoting health since the end of World War II and the birth of the United Nations. Examining the development of human rights under international law, the authors introduce the right to health as an encompassing right to health care and underlying determinants of health, exploring this right alongside other “health-related human rights.”

scholarly journals COVID-19 Barometer: Social Opinion – What Do the Portuguese Think in This Time of COVID-19?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ana Rita Pedro ◽  
Ana Gama ◽  
Patrícia Soares ◽  
Marta Moniz ◽  
Pedro A. Laires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The People ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Continue Monitoring

The COVID-19 pandemic brought new challenges to the global community, reinforcing the role of public health in society. The main measures to combat it had (and still have) a huge impact on the daily lives of citizens. This investigation aimed to identify and monitor the population’s perceptions about how it faced this period and the impact on health, well-being, and daily life. In this study, we describe the main trends observed throughout the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of mental health status, confidence in the capacity of the health services to respond to the pandemic, and the use of health services by participants. The online survey collected responses from 171,947 individuals ≥16 years of age in Portugal, over a period of 15 weeks that started on 21 March 2020. Participants could fill the questionnaire once or weekly, which enabled us to analyse trends and variations in responses. Overall, 81% of the respondents reported having felt agitated, anxious, or sad during the COVID-19 pandemic; 19% did not experience these feelings. During the confinement period, the proportion of participants feeling agitated, anxious, or sad every day/almost every day ranged between 20 and 30%, but since the deconfinement this proportion decreased. Around 30% reported having more difficulty getting to sleep or to sleep all night; 28.4% felt more agitated; 25.5% felt sadder, discouraged, or cried more easily; and 24.7% felt unable to do everything they had to do, women more frequently than men. Overall, 65.8% of the participants reported feeling confident or very confident in the health services’ capacity to respond to the challenges associated with the pandemic, and this confidence increased over time. Concerning the people who needed a consultation, 35.6% had one in person and 20.8% had one remotely, but almost 44% did not have one due to cancellation by the service (27.2%) or their own decision not to go (16.3%). At this unusual time in which we find ourselves and based on our findings, it is essential to continue monitoring how the population is facing the different phases of the pandemic until it officially ends. Analysing the effects of the pandemic from the point of view of citizens allows for anticipating critical trends and can contribute to preventative action.

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