scholarly journals Occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica in municipal household waste collection and road cleaning workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Boowook Kim ◽  
Eunyoung Kim ◽  
Wonseok Cha ◽  
Jungah Shin ◽  
Byung-Soon Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Hazard ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Crystalline Silica ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Sanitation Workers

AbstractDespite the increase in the number of cases among South Korean sanitation workers, lung cancer as a result of exposure to occupational carcinogen has not been sufficiently investigated. This study aimed to identify exposure levels of sanitation workers to respirable crystalline silica (RCS) for various tasks and factors that affect individual RCS exposure. Exposure to RCS was assessed for 90 sanitation workers from seven companies. The obtained geometric mean value of the RCS was 2.6 µg m–3, which is a similar level to recommendations set by California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment's Recommended Exposure Limit. Meanwhile, coal briquette ash (CBA) collectors exhibited the highest RCS concentration (24 µg m–3), followed by road cleaning workers who used a blower, municipal household waste collectors, sweepers, and drivers (p < 0.05). Additionally, when the ANOVA was conducted, statistically significant differences were observed in RCS concentrations among various factors such as job task, season, employment type and city scale. Our study confirmed that sanitation workers who work outdoors could be exposed to RCS. Due to the possibility of exposure to high RCS concentrations, special attention should be paid to the collection of used CBA and road cleaning involving the use of a blower.

scholarly journals Radiation Absorbed Dose Rates from Selected Mobile Phone Base Stations in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
A. O. Ilori ◽  
B. Adeleye
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Mobile Phone Base Station

The aim of this study is to measure the radiation dose from Mobile Phone Base Stations relative to human exposure at various locations within Ibadan metropolis, Southwestern Nigeria by measuring the radiation dose at 10 - 100 metres distance away from the randomly selected base stations and compare the results with other studies/recommended exposure limit. A Victoreen radiation survey meter (fluke 451 model) was used to measure the radiation dose. The meter was calibrated with a calibration factor of 1.1 to standardized the values measured with international recommended standards. The average radiation dose reported for the studied area was 9.36, 11.28, 8.73, 10.17, 8.58, 9.80, 7.13, 10.05, 8.14 and 8.81 µSv/hr respectively. The mean value of radiation dose from the study area was 9.21 µSv/hr which is higher than the maximum permissible level of 5.7 µSv/hr recommended by the American Nuclear Society for persons within 0 – 100 m from a mobile phone base station. The values vary according to the distance which shows that the strength of the radiation field is greatest at the source and diminished quickly with distances. Results obtained for the present study showed that radiation emitted at mobile phone base station are at intensities that are thousands of times less than intensities that can produce a heating effect. Hence, the assumption from the results obtained for the present study area is that the radiation exposures from mobile phone base stations impose no health hazard as the limits recommended in the guidelines by International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection do not appear to have any known adverse consequence on human health.

Coal mine dust lung disease in miners killed in the Upper Big Branch disaster: a review of lung pathology and contemporary respirable dust levels in underground US coal mines

2021 ◽  
pp. oemed-2021-107694
Author(s):  
Leonard H T Go ◽  
Francis H Y Green ◽  
Jerrold L Abraham ◽  
Andrew Churg ◽  
Edward L Petsonk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Regulatory Compliance ◽  
Respirable Dust ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Exposure Limit ◽  
Underground Coal Mines ◽  
The Usa

ObjectivesIn 2010, 29 coal miners died due to an explosion at the Upper Big Branch (UBB) mine in West Virginia, USA. Autopsy examinations of 24 individuals with evaluable lung tissue identified 17 considered to have coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). The objectives of this study were to characterise histopathological findings of lung tissue from a sample of UBB fatalities and better understand the respirable dust concentrations experienced by these miners at UBB relative to other US coal mines.MethodsOccupational pulmonary pathologists evaluated lung tissue specimens from UBB fatalities for the presence of features of pneumoconiosis. Respirable dust and quartz samples submitted for regulatory compliance from all US underground coal mines prior to the disaster were analysed.ResultsFamilies of seven UBB fatalities provided consent for the study. Histopathologic evidence of CWP was found in all seven cases. For the USA, central Appalachia and UBB, compliance dust samples showed the geometric mean for respirable dust was 0.468, 0.420 and 0.518 mg/m3, respectively, and respirable quartz concentrations were 0.030, 0.038 and 0.061 mg/m3. After adjusting for quartz concentrations, UBB exceeded the US permissible exposure limit (PEL) for respirable dust in 28% of samples.ConclusionsAlthough higher than average respirable dust and quartz levels were observed at UBB, over 200 US underground coal mines had higher dust concentrations than UBB and over 100 exceeded the PEL more frequently. Together with lung histopathological findings among UBB fatalities, these data suggest exposures leading to CWP in the USA are more prevalent than previously understood.

Assessment of the Implementation of Proper Solid Waste Management of The Residents In Bonbon, Clarin, Bohol

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Daisy Ganados ◽  
Jessebel Gencianos ◽  
Ruth Ann Faith Mata ◽  
Christopher Sam Pates ◽  
Christine Mariesalvatiera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
And Control

Solid waste management is the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash. Reducing and eliminating the adverse impact of waste materials on human health and the environment supports economic development. Quality of life is the primary goal of solid waste management. To ensure environmental best practices, content or hazard potential and solid waste must be managed systematically, and it is needed to be incorporated into ecological planning. This study aimed to assess Bonbon, Clarin, Bohol residents towards the proper implementation of solid waste management. The quantitative-descriptive method of research was used with the aid of a modified standardized survey questionnaire. The data showed that mothers or married respondents aged 21-30 got the highest percentage. Therefore, it shows that they are the ones primarily in charge of household waste management. The Assessment of the implementation of Solid Waste Management was conducted per dimension: Planning and Control, Zero Waste Collection Service, and Waste Disposal System. According to the results, the dimension of Planning and Control was labeled as Strongly Implemented, Zero Waste Collection Service was marked as Moderately Implemented, and Waste Disposal System was categorized as Moderately Not Implemented. Therefore, it shows that the Solid Waste Management in Bonbon, Clarin, Bohol was moderately implemented. Thus, the study's outcome served as a guide to enhance their best practices for the full implementation and sustainability of solid waste management in their locality.

scholarly journals CONTRACTING-OUT OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE COLLECTION SERVICES IN JAPAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (02) ◽  
pp. 443-455
Author(s):  
NORIMICHI MATSUEDA ◽  
JUN’ICHI MIKI
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Contracting Out ◽  
Contract Price ◽  
Set Up

We first report three empirical findings from our survey on the contracting-out of municipal waste collection services in Japan: (1) the rate of contracting-out and the contract price are inversely related, (2) this inverse relationship tapers out as the contracting rate becomes sufficiently high, and the contract price even tends to go up as the contracting rate approaches 100% and (3) there is a significant disparity in the contracting rates between the eastern and western parts of Japan. In order to account for these observations, we then set up a simple analytical model and examine its implications. Also, we discuss the issues that a potential hold-up situation could give rise to when the services are completely contracted out to private firms.

scholarly journals Optimization of Household Waste Collection Routes Using GIS: Case Study El Bousten district, commune of Sfax, Tunisia

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rim Sallem ◽  
Mohamed Rouis
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Network Analyst

This paper presents a method for optimizing the household waste collection system supported by Geographical Information System (GIS) tool for the sector 1of district El Bousten of Sfax commune, Tunisia. The ArcGIS Network Analyst based model is applied for the purpose of improving the collection process effectiveness, namely, the household collection bins’ reallocation along with the vehicles’ tour optimization procedure in terms of distance and time. Results indicated a reduction of 25, 83% in route and 21, 5 % in the time spent of collection along with fuel consumption savings. These findings show that GIS based model tends to exhibit significant improvements as to the collection and transportation system, therefore, to its economical and environmental costs.

Survey of the Use of the System for Separate Collection of Household Waste from Packaging in the Municipality of Stara Zagora

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 23-35
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Getzova ◽  
Ralitza Berberova
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
New Production ◽  
Packaging Waste ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One

Separate waste collection and recycling are at the basis of today’s wastemanagement. This helps the reduction of landfilled waste, which aims to reduce soil, water, and airpollution, on the one hand, and to cut down on the depletion of resources for new production, on theother. A large portion of household waste comes from the so-called “widespread waste”, whichincludes packaging waste. Legislation at European and national levels sets specific goals toovercome this problem. Separate waste collection is carried out by municipalities via wasterecycling companies, which set up and operate systems for separate collection. Citizens are at theheart of the efficient functioning of these systems. A separate waste collection system of this kindhas been established in the municipality of Stara Zagora in Bulgaria. The objective of this paper isto present the results of a questionnaire survey of the system’s users to establish their awareness andattitudes regarding the process of separate waste collection. The results can be used to improve thesystem.

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